Deck 5: Organizational Theory and the Leader

Question 1

Blau and Scott have identified different types of formal organizations. According to Blau and Scott, a police department is a:

A) Mutual benefit association.
B) Service organization.
C) Typogenic organization.
D) Commonweal organization.

Answer 1

Commonweal organization.

Question 2

Scientific management is properly associated with:

A) Weber.
B) Taylor.
C) Gulick.
D) Mooney and Reiley.

Answer 2

Taylor.

Question 3

The three stems of traditional organizational theory are:

A) Scientific management, bureaucratic model, administrative theory.
B) Main traditional, open, bridging.
C) Scientific management, Hawthorne, bureaucratic model.
D) Bureaucratic model, scientific management, closed systems.

Answer 3

Scientific management, bureaucratic model, administrative theory.

Question 4

Immaturity-maturity theory was developed by:

A) Homans.
B) Lewin.
C) Argyris.
D) Bradford.

Question 5

Theory X - Theory Y was developed by:

A) Homans.
B) Lewin.
C) Argyris.
D) McGregor.

Question 6

Which of the following underpins traditional organizational theory?

A) System 4.
B) Theory X.
C) The finding of the Hawthorne studies.
D) The top level of the needs hierarchy.

Question 7

Motivational-hygiene theory was formulated by:

A) Homans.
B) Herzberg.
C) Maslow.
D) Lewin.

Question 8

Weber's three types of authority are:

A) Rational-legal, traditional, charismatic.
B) Sanctity, heroic, exemplary.
C) Legitimate, arbitrary, capricious.
D) Just, capricious, whimsical.

Question 9

The most familiar and enduring acronym of administration was coined by:

A) Urwick.
B) Graicunas.
C) Gulick.
D) Schmidt

Question 10

The first "O" in POSDCORB stands for:

A) Orders.
B) Objectives.
C) Organizing.
D) Observation.

Question 11

The human relations school:

A) Was fathered by Mayo's research.
B) Developed in reaction to the mechanistic orientation of traditional organizational theory.
C) Views organizations as social systems.
D) All of the above.

Question 12

Open systems cannot absorb all informational and other inputs. Excesses' of inputs would overwhelm them. Therefore, open systems have what selective mechanism that filters out some potential inputs and attunes them to important signals from the environment?

A) Coding
B) Screening
C) Absorption
D) Gate keeping

Question 13

According to chaos theory, when natural disasters strike, small helpful actions taken everywhere produce the:

A) Antidote reaction.
B) Crisis barrier.
C) Champion syndrome.
D) Butterfly effect.

Question 14

What are the two sources of pressure for police departments?

A) External democratic control and internal control.
B) Patrol officers and police administrators.
C) Sworn officers and civilian employees.
D) New police recruits and officers near retirement.

Question 15

With regard to authority, the concept that people are responsible for directing certain tasks, despite the fact that this means the authority of the supervisor might cut across organizational lines, is referred to as:

A) Functional supervision.
B) Exception principle.
C) Functional exception.
D) Supervision principle.

Question 16

Police officers working in the field, meeting with members of the public, and using their discretion on how to implement public policy are acting as:

A) Police administrators.
B) Force-field analysts.
C) Street-level bureaucrats.
D) Neighborhood watch officers.

Question 17

Which group of individuals called for a softening or elimination of many features of the pure bureaucratic model?

A) POSDCORBs
B) Street-level bureaucrats
C) New Public Managers (NPMs)
D) Organizational humanists

Question 18

Which of Maslow's needs level is thought to be essential as the most basic human need?

A) Physiological needs.
B) Safety needs.
C) Love needs.
D) Self Actualization needs.

Question 19

What is the name of the decision-making tool developed by Lewin and often used by behavior systems theorists?

A) The entropic process.
B) Force-field analysis.
C) Coding.
D) Loop learning.

Question 20

Which of the following is characteristic of an open system?

A) Recognizing that everything beyond its boundary is part of its environment
B) Has the tendency to become more complex and specialized.
C) Becomes a double-loop learning organization in order to be adaptive.
D) All of the above.

Question 21

Law enforcement practices associated with what type of learning include after action reports, staff inspections, and program evaluation?

A) Single-loop
B) Double-loop
C) Isomorphic Process
D) Entropic Process

Question 22

What is the name of the open systems concept that states all organizations face the prospect of moving toward decline, disorganization, and death?

A) Single-loop
B) Double-loop
C) Isomorphic Process
D) Entropic Process

Question 23

Which of the following statements is not true of the Environmental contingency theory?

A) There is no one best way to structure an organization.
B) Leaders must "read the environment" and decide what type of structure is the best "fit" with the environment being aced.
C) A person's ability is more important than his/her emotional stability.
D) None of the above.

Question 24

Which organizational theory stresses that all agencies must get the resources they need to operate from the larger environment, creating resource dependency?

A) Environmental dependency theory
B) Ecological dependency theory
C) Community dependence theory
D) Resource dependency theory

Question 25

Which of the following is not characteristic of virtual organizations?

A) Organizations that are planned and stable.
B) Organizations with no control structure.
C) Organizations that disappear when the single purpose that brought them together is accomplished.
D) Members who can withdraw at any time.

Question 26

What is the name of the procedure used by people and organizations to process their experiences that produces cognitive maps to help negate the world?

A) Groupthink
B) Critical thinking
C) Sense making
D) Brainstorming

Question 27

Which of the following factors could potentially replace everyday predictability during a crisis event?

A) Widespread uncertainty and fear.
B) An initial lack of basic information about the event.
C) Recognition that available resources are insufficient.
D) All of the above.

Question 28

The ____________ principle states that routine matters should be handled by lower-level managers or by supervisors and that higher-level managers should only receive reports of deviations above or below standard performances.

Question 29

Max Weber claimed that the ____________ model was superior to all other methods of organizing with respect to efficiency, control, and stability.

Question 30

The concept of ____________ refers to people being studied behaving differently because they like the attention they get.

Question 31

The ____________ school of thought includes the need hierarchy, immaturity/maturity changes, and motivational hygiene theory.

Question 32

Argyris believes that as one moves from infancy toward adulthood, the healthy individual also advances from ____________ to maturity.

Question 33

The principle task of management in a ____________ department is supporting subordinates by giving them the resources to do their jobs and creating an environment where they can be self-controlling, mature, contributing, and self-actualizing, within the context of the agency's mission and goals.

Question 34

In an open system, too many inputs will overwhelm an open system and threaten its ____________, or balance.

Question 35

The ____________ group of theories include environmental contingency theory, resource dependency, population ecology, and neo-institutional theory.

Question 36

Although NOs and VOs are sometimes used synonymously, others describe ____________ as being more informal and not regulated by formal agreements.

Question 37

Bifurcation is the flash-point when ____________ overwhelms normal conditions in an agency.

Question 38

Explain chaos theory and how it can benefit police departments.

Question 39

Differentiate between single- and double-loop learning and discuss how the latter is important to law enforcement organizations.

Question 40

List and describe the four types of formal organizations, including a law enforcement example for each.

Question 41

Match the person from Column 1 to his description in Column 2. Each item in Column 2 will be used only once.

-Chris Argyris

A) Founder of behavioral systems theory
B) Founder of modern sociology whose name is synonymous with bureaucracy
C) Developed maturity-immaturity model
D) Developed the five-level hierarchy of human needs
E) Developed motivational-hygiene theory
F) Developed Theory X and Theory Y
G) Father of scientific management
H) Developed POSDCORB

Question 42

Match the person from Column 1 to his description in Column 2. Each item in Column 2 will be used only once.

-Luthur Guick

A) Founder of behavioral systems theory
B) Founder of modern sociology whose name is synonymous with bureaucracy
C) Developed maturity-immaturity model
D) Developed the five-level hierarchy of human needs
E) Developed motivational-hygiene theory
F) Developed Theory X and Theory Y
G) Father of scientific management
H) Developed POSDCORB

Question 43

Match the person from Column 1 to his description in Column 2. Each item in Column 2 will be used only once.

-Kurt Lewin

A) Founder of behavioral systems theory
B) Founder of modern sociology whose name is synonymous with bureaucracy
C) Developed maturity-immaturity model
D) Developed the five-level hierarchy of human needs
E) Developed motivational-hygiene theory
F) Developed Theory X and Theory Y
G) Father of scientific management
H) Developed POSDCORB

Question 44

Match the person from Column 1 to his description in Column 2. Each item in Column 2 will be used only once.

-Abraham Maslow

A) Founder of behavioral systems theory
B) Founder of modern sociology whose name is synonymous with bureaucracy
C) Developed maturity-immaturity model
D) Developed the five-level hierarchy of human needs
E) Developed motivational-hygiene theory
F) Developed Theory X and Theory Y
G) Father of scientific management
H) Developed POSDCORB

Question 45

Match the person from Column 1 to his description in Column 2. Each item in Column 2 will be used only once.

-Douglas McGregor

A) Founder of behavioral systems theory
B) Founder of modern sociology whose name is synonymous with bureaucracy
C) Developed maturity-immaturity model
D) Developed the five-level hierarchy of human needs
E) Developed motivational-hygiene theory
F) Developed Theory X and Theory Y
G) Father of scientific management
H) Developed POSDCORB

Question 46

Match the person from Column 1 to his description in Column 2. Each item in Column 2 will be used only once.

-F. W. Taylor

A) Founder of behavioral systems theory
B) Founder of modern sociology whose name is synonymous with bureaucracy
C) Developed maturity-immaturity model
D) Developed the five-level hierarchy of human needs
E) Developed motivational-hygiene theory
F) Developed Theory X and Theory Y
G) Father of scientific management
H) Developed POSDCORB

Question 47

Match the person from Column 1 to his description in Column 2. Each item in Column 2 will be used only once.

-Max Weber

A) Founder of behavioral systems theory
B) Founder of modern sociology whose name is synonymous with bureaucracy
C) Developed maturity-immaturity model
D) Developed the five-level hierarchy of human needs
E) Developed motivational-hygiene theory
F) Developed Theory X and Theory Y
G) Father of scientific management
H) Developed POSDCORB

Question 48

Match the person from Column 1 to his description in Column 2. Each item in Column 2 will be used only once.

-Frederick Herzberg

A) Founder of behavioral systems theory
B) Founder of modern sociology whose name is synonymous with bureaucracy
C) Developed maturity-immaturity model
D) Developed the five-level hierarchy of human needs
E) Developed motivational-hygiene theory
F) Developed Theory X and Theory Y
G) Father of scientific management
H) Developed POSDCORB

Question 49

Take each of Weber's seven characteristics of the bureaucratic model and apply them to a police organization in your geographic area. How many of them are applicable?

Question 50

As a new police officer in a police organization, you are at the lower level of Maslow's need hierarchy. How long do you imagine it will take you to reach the self-esteem or self-actualization rungs in the hierarchy? Justify your response.

Question 51

As a police chief using Hertzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory, what types of motivators would you use to improve officers' productivity?