Deck 16: Adult Nutrition

Question 1

Nutritional injury may lead to permanent changes in cells and tissues.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

​What phase of adulthood roughly corresponds to "around the fifties?"

A) ​maturing adulthood
B) ​midlife
C) ​sandwich generation
D) ​later adulthood
E) ​old age onset

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Ergogenic aids are proven to improve athletic performance.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Positive energy balance typical between 20 and 64 results in weight gain and storage of excess energy in adipose tissues.

Question 5

Healthy gut microbiota digest food to release nutrients and energy from the diet.

Question 6

​The number of new cancer cases has increased for which group?

A) ​American Indian women
B) ​American Indian men
C) ​African-American women
D) ​African-American men
E) ​Hispanics

Question 7

Potassium-rich diets tend to reduce blood pressure.

Question 8

​Menopause is associated with a(n)_____.

A) ​decline in muscle mass
B) ​increase in abdominal fat
C) ​addition of bone mass
D) ​lower risk of cardiovascular disease
E) ​decrease in elasticity of the skin

Question 9

​The additional energy required for the digestion,absorption,and metabolism of what people eat results from _____.

A) ​the thermic effect of food (TEF)
B) ​an individual's basal metabolic rate (BMR)
C) ​estimated energy requirements (EER)
D) ​activity thermogenesis
E) ​resting energy expenditure

Question 10

​The type of fiber that promotes the development of a beneficial mix of microbiota in the gut is known as _____ fiber.

A) ​functional
B) ​viscous
C) ​fermentable
D) ​nonfat
E) ​low-fat

Question 11

​To lose one pound per week,a person would need to eat _____ fewer calories per day.

A) ​250
B) ​300
C) ​450
D) ​500
E) ​1,000

Question 12

​Heart disease is more often associated with a(n)_____ diet.

A) ​vegan
B) ​carcinogenic
C) ​obesogenic
D) ​fast-food
E) ​atherogenic

Question 13

​Data from the last decade show that rates of _______ have continued to increase.

A) ​heart disease
B) ​cancer
C) ​diabetes
D) ​caloric intake
E) ​stroke

Question 14

An inverse association exists between family income and obesity prevalence among white females of all ages.

Question 15

Prevalence of salt sensitivity and early onset of high blood pressure is higher in African Americans compared to whites.

Question 16

It is impossible to consume a high-quality diet if you are a vegetarian.

Question 17

Iron depletion is associated with reduced immune function.

Question 18

Menopause is associated with an increase in abdominal fat.

Question 19

​Muscular strength peaks around _____.

A) ​30-35 years of age
B) ​25-30 years of age
C) ​age 50
D) ​20-25 years of age
E) ​age 40

Question 20

A healthy weight for most individuals is a BMI of 18.5 up to 28 Kg/m².

Question 21

​A simple calculation used to give you a "ballpark" calorie level for weight maintenance is to multiply your body weight in pounds by the number _____.

A) 13​
B) ​15
C) ​17
D) ​25
E) ​30

Question 22

​The number of calories considered equivalent to 1 lb of body weight is _____.

A) ​2200
B) ​2500
C) ​3000
D) ​3500
E) ​3700

Question 23

​The average daily dietary fiber recommendations are _____ for males and females,respectively.

A) ​30 and 25 grams
B) ​35 and 21 grams
C) ​38 and 25 grams
D) ​45 and 38 grams
E) ​56 and 46 grams

Question 24

​Basal metabolic rate is measured in an individual who _____.

A) ​has been awake more than 30 minutes
B) ​has just finished exercising
C) ​is in a room with music playing at a moderate volume
D) ​is in a room at a comfortable temperature
E) ​has fasted for 8 hours

Question 25

​Low vitamin D intake is associated with decreased _____ bioavailability.

A) ​phosphorus
B) ​calcium
C) ​potassium
D) ​magnesium
E) ​iron

Question 26

​"If you drink,do so in moderation," is defined as _____.

A) ​no more than 3 drinks per day for males and no more than 2 for females
B) ​no more than 2 drinks per day for males and no more than 3 for females
C) ​no more than 2 drinks per day for males and no more than 1 for females
D) ​no more than 1 drink per day for males and no more than 2 for females
E) ​no more than 2 drinks per day for males or females

Question 27

​Adults consume approximately _____ calories per day as beverages.

A) ​100
B) ​250
C) ​400
D) ​500
E) ​650

Question 28

​The Mifflin-St.Jeor energy estimation formula calculates energy expenditures using _____.

A) ​gender,age,weight,and height
B) ​gender,age,activity level,and disease status
C) ​gender,age,body frame size,and activity level
D) ​gender,weight,age,and food intake.
E) ​weight,height,age,and activity level

Question 29

​Among adults,the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for total fat intake is _____ of calories.

A) ​10-15%
B) ​15-20%
C) ​20-35%
D) ​35-40%
E) ​40-50%

Question 30

​The Food and Nutrition Board defines the adequate intake (AI)level for water based on the median total water intake (food and fluids).For men,this is _____.

A) 1 milliliter per kg per day​
B) ​25 ounces per day
C) ​2.7 liters per day
D) ​91 ounces per day
E) ​125 ounces per day

Question 31

​Modifiable nutritional risk factors for cancer include _____.

A) ​low potassium intake
B) ​low dietary fat intake
C) ​unstructured eating
D) ​high levels of antioxidants
E) ​burnt and charred food

Question 32

​An alcoholic drink contains roughly _____ grams of alcohol or a 0.5 ounce of ethanol.

A) ​2-5
B) ​6-8
C) ​9-11
D) ​13-15
E) ​17-21

Question 33

​The results on the use of _____ for depression are mixed.

A) ​echinacea
B) ​calcium supplements
C) ​iron supplements
D) ​vitamin E
E) ​St.John's wort

Question 34

​Based on the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges,someone that consumes 2000 calories per day should aim for _____ fat calories/day.

A) 100-300​
B) ​200-400
C) ​400-700
D) ​600-900
E) ​1000-1200

Question 35

​Which eating style features vegetables,fish and seafood,and olive oil?

A) ​vegetarian
B) ​DASH
C) ​Mediterranean
D) ​Atkins
E) ​functional

Question 36

​An NHANES survey revealed that drinking water and other beverages supplied _____% of total water needs of adults,while the moisture in food provided the remaining percentage.

A) ​58
B) ​67
C) ​75
D) ​81
E) ​93

Question 37

​Metabolic rate and energy expenditure begin to decline in early adulthood at a rate of about _____ per decade for women and _____ per decade for men.

A) 2.0%;2.9%​
B) ​5.0%;5.9%
C) ​8.0%;8.0%
D) ​5.9%;5.0%
E) ​2.9%;2.0%

Question 38

​The continuum of nutritional health ranges from resilient and health to _____.

A) ​unfocused and unhealthy
B) ​altered but healthy
C) ​altered and unhealthy
D) ​clinically and chronically ill
E) ​terminal illness and death

Question 39

​Iodized salt,used for its quality of enhancing iodine intake,is an example of what type of food?

A) ​medical food
B) ​supplement
C) ​food for special dietary use
D) ​modified food
E) ​conventional food

Question 40

​Caloric intake in men has been estimated to decrease by _____% between the ages of 30 and 80 due to a lowered metabolic rate and decreased activity.

A) ​15
B) ​22
C) ​31
D) ​46
E) ​53

Question 41

Matching
a.Deficiency has been shown to cause fatty liver and muscle deterioration
b.Intakes below 50% of the RDA can lead to chronic inflammation
c.Involved in maintenance and repair of cellular membranes
d.​Essential in maintaining integrity of skin and mucosal cells
e.Energy expended by fidgeting
f.Time of life when people become independent and leave the parental home
g.​A period of active family responsibilities,expanding work and professional roles
h.A supplement commonly taken at perimenopause
i.An inflammatory state that may present with cardio-metabolic and carcinogenic factors
j.A food product that has a physiological benefit beyond the nutritional value provided
k.Energy required for digestion,absorption,and metabolism of food
l.​Basal metabolic rate
​Early adulthood

Question 42

​Which component of the Eating Competence Model means being comfortable eating a preferred food?

A) ​eating attitudes
B) ​food acceptance
C) ​regulation of food intake
D) ​documentation of food intake
E) ​eating context

Question 43

​Access to healthy food is a feature of which social determinant of health?

A) ​education
B) ​social and community context
C) ​economic stability
D) ​health and health care
E) ​neighborhood and built environment

Question 44

​What is Michelle's resting energy expenditure?

A) ​1270
B) ​1416
C) ​1528
D) ​1752
E) ​2195

Question 45

​In order to lose 4 pounds in 4 weeks,you would need to decrease your intake by _____ calories on a daily basis.

A) ​250
B) ​350
C) ​500
D) ​550
E) ​750

Question 46

​In 2015,a person was considered to be living in poverty if his or her annual income was _______ or less.

A) ​$10,500
B) ​$11,770
C) ​$12,250
D) ​$13,570
E) ​$14,350

Question 47

​Between the ages of 25 and 65,physical working capacity declines by _____% per decade.

A) ​1-2
B) ​3-5
C) ​5-10
D) ​10-20
E) ​30

Question 48

​The largest of all nutrition assistance programs is ________

A) ​Meals on Wheels
B) ​Second Harvest Food Bank
C) ​Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP)
D) ​government extension educational program
E) ​soup kitchen-shelter network

Question 49

​Adults who engage in strenuous exercise programs have increased nutrient and _____ needs to meet the demands of training,competition,and recovery.

A) ergogenic​
B) ​fat mass
C) ​insulin
D) ​hydration
E) ​vitamin

Question 50

​Many energy-need calculations are based on the older,less accurate,___________.

A) ​Mifflin-St.Jeor formula
B) ​DLW technique
C) ​Harris-Benedict equation
D) ​Indirect calorimetry assessment
E) ​Henderson-Hasselbalch equation

Question 51

​Which activity fits the definition of vigorous-intensity?

A) ​brisk walking
B) ​basketball
C) ​cycling
D) ​raking leaves
E) ​water aerobics

Question 52

​Caffeine can lead to _____.

A) ​increased heart rate
B) ​decreased blood pressure
C) ​decreased urine production
D) ​weight gain
E) ​dehydration

Question 53

Matching
a.Deficiency has been shown to cause fatty liver and muscle deterioration
b.Intakes below 50% of the RDA can lead to chronic inflammation
c.Involved in maintenance and repair of cellular membranes
d.​Essential in maintaining integrity of skin and mucosal cells
e.Energy expended by fidgeting
f.Time of life when people become independent and leave the parental home
g.​A period of active family responsibilities,expanding work and professional roles
h.A supplement commonly taken at perimenopause
i.An inflammatory state that may present with cardio-metabolic and carcinogenic factors
j.A food product that has a physiological benefit beyond the nutritional value provided
k.Energy required for digestion,absorption,and metabolism of food
l.​Basal metabolic rate
Midlife​

Question 54

Nonspecific signs and symptoms resulting from insufficient or excessive intakes of nutrients or energy are well-recognized risk factors for the development of _____.

A) ​metabolic imbalance
B) ​caloric dysfunction
C) ​insulin resistance
D) ​chronic diseases
E) ​blood pressure anomalies

Question 55

​What is Michelle's estimated daily calorie expenditure?

A) ​1416
B) ​1528
C) ​1752
D) ​2195
E) ​2450

Question 56

​At perimenopause many women begin to take _____ to prevent bone loss.

A) ​vitamin K
B) ​calcium and Vitamin D
C) ​vitamin B 12
D) ​vitamin C
E) ​folate

Question 57

​Which component of the Eating Competence Model focuses on structure and meal planning?

A) ​eating attitudes
B) ​food acceptance
C) ​regulation of food intake
D) ​documentation of food intake
E) ​eating context

Question 58

​Which type of fiber is helpful in decreasing the absorption of cholesterol?

A) ​corn bran
B) ​viscous fiber
C) ​fermentable fiber
D) ​potato skin
E) ​functional fiber

Question 59

​When exercising,if you can talk but not sing,you are engaged in _____.

A) ​low-intensity exercise
B) ​moderate-intensity exercise
C) ​vigorous-intensity exercise
D) ​brisk exercise
E) ​high-intensity exercise

Question 60

​The 2013 Census Bureau estimate of poverty rates in the United States for adults aged 18-64 years is ______%.

A) ​9.7
B) ​10.5
C) ​13.6
D) ​23.5
E) ​27.6

Question 61

"According to Census Bureau estimates for 2013,the poverty rate for the U.S.is 14.5%." Briefly describe two or three food and nutrition programs designed to serve low-income adults in your community.

Question 62

Matching
a.Deficiency has been shown to cause fatty liver and muscle deterioration
b.Intakes below 50% of the RDA can lead to chronic inflammation
c.Involved in maintenance and repair of cellular membranes
d.​Essential in maintaining integrity of skin and mucosal cells
e.Energy expended by fidgeting
f.Time of life when people become independent and leave the parental home
g.​A period of active family responsibilities,expanding work and professional roles
h.A supplement commonly taken at perimenopause
i.An inflammatory state that may present with cardio-metabolic and carcinogenic factors
j.A food product that has a physiological benefit beyond the nutritional value provided
k.Energy required for digestion,absorption,and metabolism of food
l.​Basal metabolic rate
​Magnesium

Question 63

Discuss the two important cautions when applying food patterns consistent with the total diet approach.

Question 64

Matching
a.Deficiency has been shown to cause fatty liver and muscle deterioration
b.Intakes below 50% of the RDA can lead to chronic inflammation
c.Involved in maintenance and repair of cellular membranes
d.​Essential in maintaining integrity of skin and mucosal cells
e.Energy expended by fidgeting
f.Time of life when people become independent and leave the parental home
g.​A period of active family responsibilities,expanding work and professional roles
h.A supplement commonly taken at perimenopause
i.An inflammatory state that may present with cardio-metabolic and carcinogenic factors
j.A food product that has a physiological benefit beyond the nutritional value provided
k.Energy required for digestion,absorption,and metabolism of food
l.​Basal metabolic rate
Gut dysbiosis

Question 65

Matching
a.Deficiency has been shown to cause fatty liver and muscle deterioration
b.Intakes below 50% of the RDA can lead to chronic inflammation
c.Involved in maintenance and repair of cellular membranes
d.​Essential in maintaining integrity of skin and mucosal cells
e.Energy expended by fidgeting
f.Time of life when people become independent and leave the parental home
g.​A period of active family responsibilities,expanding work and professional roles
h.A supplement commonly taken at perimenopause
i.An inflammatory state that may present with cardio-metabolic and carcinogenic factors
j.A food product that has a physiological benefit beyond the nutritional value provided
k.Energy required for digestion,absorption,and metabolism of food
l.​Basal metabolic rate
Vitamin E

Question 66

Discuss the highlights of the "Sisters Together: Move More,Eat Better" program.

Question 67

Matching
a.Deficiency has been shown to cause fatty liver and muscle deterioration
b.Intakes below 50% of the RDA can lead to chronic inflammation
c.Involved in maintenance and repair of cellular membranes
d.​Essential in maintaining integrity of skin and mucosal cells
e.Energy expended by fidgeting
f.Time of life when people become independent and leave the parental home
g.​A period of active family responsibilities,expanding work and professional roles
h.A supplement commonly taken at perimenopause
i.An inflammatory state that may present with cardio-metabolic and carcinogenic factors
j.A food product that has a physiological benefit beyond the nutritional value provided
k.Energy required for digestion,absorption,and metabolism of food
l.​Basal metabolic rate
Functional food

Question 68

Discuss the development and real-world application of dietary guidance systems.Name two components of the system.

Question 69

Matching
a.Deficiency has been shown to cause fatty liver and muscle deterioration
b.Intakes below 50% of the RDA can lead to chronic inflammation
c.Involved in maintenance and repair of cellular membranes
d.​Essential in maintaining integrity of skin and mucosal cells
e.Energy expended by fidgeting
f.Time of life when people become independent and leave the parental home
g.​A period of active family responsibilities,expanding work and professional roles
h.A supplement commonly taken at perimenopause
i.An inflammatory state that may present with cardio-metabolic and carcinogenic factors
j.A food product that has a physiological benefit beyond the nutritional value provided
k.Energy required for digestion,absorption,and metabolism of food
l.​Basal metabolic rate
​Activity thermogenesis

Question 70

Matching
a.Deficiency has been shown to cause fatty liver and muscle deterioration
b.Intakes below 50% of the RDA can lead to chronic inflammation
c.Involved in maintenance and repair of cellular membranes
d.​Essential in maintaining integrity of skin and mucosal cells
e.Energy expended by fidgeting
f.Time of life when people become independent and leave the parental home
g.​A period of active family responsibilities,expanding work and professional roles
h.A supplement commonly taken at perimenopause
i.An inflammatory state that may present with cardio-metabolic and carcinogenic factors
j.A food product that has a physiological benefit beyond the nutritional value provided
k.Energy required for digestion,absorption,and metabolism of food
l.​Basal metabolic rate
BMR​

Question 71

Discuss the four components of the Eating Competence Model.

Question 72

In adulthood,excessive or inadequate intake of certain nutrients can pose risk.Discuss these risk nutrients and some of the effects resulting from high or low intakes.

Question 73

Multiple organizations have outlined guidelines identifying an urgent need to address obesity.List the eating behaviors that are encouraged to accomplish this.

Question 74

Matching
a.Deficiency has been shown to cause fatty liver and muscle deterioration
b.Intakes below 50% of the RDA can lead to chronic inflammation
c.Involved in maintenance and repair of cellular membranes
d.​Essential in maintaining integrity of skin and mucosal cells
e.Energy expended by fidgeting
f.Time of life when people become independent and leave the parental home
g.​A period of active family responsibilities,expanding work and professional roles
h.A supplement commonly taken at perimenopause
i.An inflammatory state that may present with cardio-metabolic and carcinogenic factors
j.A food product that has a physiological benefit beyond the nutritional value provided
k.Energy required for digestion,absorption,and metabolism of food
l.​Basal metabolic rate
TEF​

Question 75

Discuss the six stages of the continuum of nutritional health and their corresponding metabolic,physiological,or functional status.

Question 76

List cues for regulating food intake along with the physical sensations experienced.

Question 77

Matching
a.Deficiency has been shown to cause fatty liver and muscle deterioration
b.Intakes below 50% of the RDA can lead to chronic inflammation
c.Involved in maintenance and repair of cellular membranes
d.​Essential in maintaining integrity of skin and mucosal cells
e.Energy expended by fidgeting
f.Time of life when people become independent and leave the parental home
g.​A period of active family responsibilities,expanding work and professional roles
h.A supplement commonly taken at perimenopause
i.An inflammatory state that may present with cardio-metabolic and carcinogenic factors
j.A food product that has a physiological benefit beyond the nutritional value provided
k.Energy required for digestion,absorption,and metabolism of food
l.​Basal metabolic rate
Vitamin A

Question 78

Discuss the Healthy People 2020 Social Determinants of health.

Question 79

Matching
a.Deficiency has been shown to cause fatty liver and muscle deterioration
b.Intakes below 50% of the RDA can lead to chronic inflammation
c.Involved in maintenance and repair of cellular membranes
d.​Essential in maintaining integrity of skin and mucosal cells
e.Energy expended by fidgeting
f.Time of life when people become independent and leave the parental home
g.​A period of active family responsibilities,expanding work and professional roles
h.A supplement commonly taken at perimenopause
i.An inflammatory state that may present with cardio-metabolic and carcinogenic factors
j.A food product that has a physiological benefit beyond the nutritional value provided
k.Energy required for digestion,absorption,and metabolism of food
l.​Basal metabolic rate
Calcium

Question 80

Matching
a.Deficiency has been shown to cause fatty liver and muscle deterioration
b.Intakes below 50% of the RDA can lead to chronic inflammation
c.Involved in maintenance and repair of cellular membranes
d.​Essential in maintaining integrity of skin and mucosal cells
e.Energy expended by fidgeting
f.Time of life when people become independent and leave the parental home
g.​A period of active family responsibilities,expanding work and professional roles
h.A supplement commonly taken at perimenopause
i.An inflammatory state that may present with cardio-metabolic and carcinogenic factors
j.A food product that has a physiological benefit beyond the nutritional value provided
k.Energy required for digestion,absorption,and metabolism of food
l.​Basal metabolic rate
​Choline