Deck 17: Adult Nutrition Conditions and Interventions

Question 1

Metabolic syndrome designates a cluster of unaltered metabolic conditions.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

​Over _____ million adults have one or more CVD diagnoses.

A) ​125.5
B) ​15.8
C) ​83.6
D) ​65.7
E) ​242.4

Answer 2

C

Question 3

​Which nutrition-related factor is associated with increased cancer risk?

A) ​allium vegetables
B) ​coffee
C) ​Cantonese-style salted fish
D) ​garlic
E) ​foods containing selenium

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Body mass index calculations account for gender differences.

Question 5

Viscous fiber escorts water in the gut,forming a liquid gel that increases absorption of cholesterol-rich bile acids and carries them throughout the body.

Question 6

The rate of death from CHD in African-American men is nearly double that of Asian or Pacific Islander men.

Question 7

​Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases include _____.

A) ​low triglyceride level
B) ​low level of HDL
C) ​low blood pressure
D) ​high level of HDL
E) ​periodic physical activity

Question 8

Eating 1½ cups of cooked oatmeal per day has been shown to reduce LDL by 10-15%.

Question 9

​The majority of cancers develop in _____.

A) ​epithelial tissue
B) ​lymph nodes
C) ​adipocytes
D) ​bones and bone marrow
E) ​connective tissue

Question 10

About one-third of adults in the United States are obese.

Question 11

Studies show that overweight and obesity result entirely from taking in more energy than you are expending.

Question 12

African Americans with very high BMIs can be underdiagnosed for metabolic syndrome.

Question 13

​The physiological effects of atherosclerosis include _____.

A) ​increased blood circulation to the heart
B) ​decreased blood pressure
C) ​increased energy
D) ​decreased flexibility of blood vessels
E) ​increased circulation in the extremities

Question 14

​Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease that can develop from _____.

A) ​relaxation of blood vessels
B) ​high blood levels of homocysteine
C) ​low blood levels of glucose
D) ​low blood levels of insulin
E) ​depletion of plaque

Question 15

​Among the nutritional and physical activity guidelines for cancer prevention is _____.

A) ​participating in an hour of physical activity each week
B) ​avoiding meats cooked at high temperatures
C) ​sitting to watch TV,rather than lying down
D) ​eating refined grain products
E) ​limiting red meat consumption to 36 ounces each week

Question 16

Weight maintenance requires lifelong behavioral strategies.

Question 17

​Which nutrition-related factor is associated with decreased cancer risk?

A) ​allium vegetables
B) ​aflatoxins
C) ​Cantonese-style salted fish
D) ​beta-carotene supplements
E) ​calcium-rich foods

Question 18

Atherosclerotic lesions begin to form in early adulthood and adolescence and gradually decline through the decades.

Question 19

Severe obesity is defined as a BMI ≥ 40.

Question 20

​The leading cause among the 25-44 age group is _____.

A) ​cancer
B) ​heart disease
C) ​injury
D) ​diabetes
E) ​obesity

Question 21

​A loss of _____ of body weight can reduce or prevent the risks associated with obesity.

A) ​1 to 2%
B) ​5 to 10%
C) ​10 to 15%
D) ​15 to 20%
E) ​20 to 25%

Question 22

​Having a BMI of _____ means a person is obese.

A) ​>25
B) ​>27
C) ​>27 for men and > 29 for women
D) ​>30
E) ​>40

Question 23

​Metabolic syndrome is present in nearly _____ of people with normal body weight.

A) ​15%
B) ​30%
C) ​10%
D) ​60%
E) ​25%

Question 24

​Which criteria is a risk factor for coronary heart disease?

A) ​HDL cholesterol 62 mg/dL
B) ​total cholesterol 195 mg/dL
C) ​blood pressure 142/95 mmHg
D) ​LDL cholesterol 90 mg/dL
E) ​50 years old (woman)

Question 25

​Overweight in adults is defined by a BMI of _____.

A) ​25.0 to 29.9.
B) ​18.5 to 24.9.
C) ​< 18.5.
D) ​30.0 to 34.9.
E) ​> 35.0.

Question 26

​Among the biomechanical conditions associated with overweight and obesity is _____.

A) ​sleep apnea
B) ​prediabetes
C) ​hypertension
D) ​infertility
E) ​stomach cancer

Question 27

​Adherence to a _______ style dietary pattern reduces risk factors for metabolic syndrome.

A) ​high protein/low carbohydrate
B) ​high protein/moderate carbohydrate
C) ​low MSG Asian
D) ​Mediterranean
E) ​Middle Eastern

Question 28

​When eaten,plant stanol and sterol esters block particles responsible for _____ transport.

A) ​protein
B) ​insulin
C) ​triglyceride
D) ​glucose
E) ​cholesterol

Question 29

​CHD is the number ______ cause of death for adults aged 34-64.

A) ​one
B) ​two
C) ​three
D) ​four
E) ​five

Question 30

​A man who is 50 years old and has a BMI of 27.9 would be considered _____ based on his BMI.

A) ​underweight
B) ​normal weight
C) ​overweight
D) ​obese
E) ​extremely obese

Question 31

​The primary cause of death for HIV-infected persons is _____.

A) ​malnutrition
B) ​infection
C) ​mental illness leading to suicide
D) ​cancer and cardiovascular disease
E) ​kidney failure

Question 32

As a high-intensity dietary approach for reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease,the Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes approach recommends _____.

A) avoidance of stanols/sterols​
B) ​consumption of saturated fats
C) ​less than 5-6% of total calories from trans fat
D) ​consumption of 5-10 grams of viscous fiber daily
E) ​avoidance of unsaturated fat

Question 33

​BMI approximates body fat for most healthy individuals;however,BMI measures don't accurately represent body fatness for _____.

A) ​athletes with a low percentage of muscle
B) ​individuals with negligible fat deposits
C) ​individuals with large,dense bones
D) ​men over age 65
E) ​women over age 60

Question 34

Which evidence-based population approach for improving diet includes subsidy strategies to lower prices of more healthful food and beverages?

A) ​media and education
B) ​labeling and information
C) ​worksite wellness
D) ​local supermarkets
E) ​economic incentives

Question 35

​A body mass index (BMI)>30 is roughly equivalent to being _____ pounds or more overweight for a 5'4" person.

A) ​15
B) ​30
C) ​45
D) ​75
E) ​100

Question 36

​Diseases that develop during the adult years can result,in part,from diets _____.

A) ​high in fruits and vegetables
B) ​low in salt and sugar
C) ​high in fiber
D) ​high in saturated fats
E) ​high in carbohydrates

Question 37

​Screening for CVD should occur about every five years beginning at age _____.

A) ​20
B) ​25
C) ​30
D) ​35
E) ​40

Question 38

​For the average individual,lipid-lowering medications are prescribed when LDL is ______.

A) ​> 40 mg/dL
B) ​> 70 mg/dL
C) ​> 150 mg/dL
D) ​> 190 mg/dL
E) ​> 280 mg/dL

Question 39

​Obesity can be defined as _____.

A) ​weight greater than 190 pounds
B) ​a fat,unfit appearance
C) ​a waist circumference of 28 inches in women
D) ​a BMI of 23
E) ​an excess accumulation of adipose tissue

Question 40

​If a female ate 100 extra calories per day in excess of her needs,approximately how many days would it take to gain one pound,if energy expenditure remained constant?

A) ​7 days
B) ​14 days
C) ​1 month (30 days)
D) ​1 month + 1 week (35 days)
E) ​1 month + 2 weeks (42 days)

Question 41

​The American Diabetes Association recommends that adults should be screened for type 2 diabetes or prediabetes if they are _____ years old,or earlier,if they are overweight and have one or more additional risk factors.

A) ​25
B) ​35
C) ​45
D) ​55
E) ​65

Question 42

​Over _____ people (13 years and older)in the U.S.are living with HIV/AIDS.

A) ​100,000
B) ​350,000
C) ​500,000
D) ​1.2 million
E) ​5 million

Question 43

​Metabolic syndrome is related to a cluster of metabolic abnormalities that include _____.

A) ​low fasting blood glucose levels
B) ​abdominal obesity
C) ​low LDL levels
D) ​high HDL levels
E) ​low blood pressure

Question 44

​Molly is 5' 2" and weighs 170 pounds.What is her BMI?

A) ​24
B) ​31
C) ​36
D) ​41
E) ​44

Question 45

​For a moderately overweight female,a realistic weight loss goal is to lose 0.5 to 1.0 lb/week.What is the daily calorie deficit necessary to lose 0.5 lb/week?

A) 150​
B) ​200
C) ​250
D) ​300
E) ​500

Question 46

Matching
a.​Condition strongly associated with visceral adiposity
b.Fatty liver disease
c.A constellation of abnormalities that increase the risk of heart disease
d.High blood glucose levels resulting from the destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas
e.​Hyperpigmentation of the skin at the back of the neck
f.​Narrowing of blood vessels due to plaque buildup
g.A dietary approach for reducing CVD risk
h.High blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to use insulin normally,or to produce enough insulin
i.Abnormal blood levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides
j.The presence of one or more diseases or conditions in addition to the primary diagnosis
k.An abnormal redistribution of body fat stores
l.​Treatment of disease through the use of drugs
​Comorbidity

Question 47

​What dietary suggestions could you make to him to help decrease his risk factors?

A) ​Decrease consumption of high-fat dairy products.
B) ​Avoid whole grain products.
C) ​Decrease dietary fiber intake.
D) ​Avoid lean cuts of meat and poultry.
E) ​Increase consumption of high-fat dairy products.

Question 48

​A medical team providing diabetes care likely would include a _____.

A) ​personal trainer
B) ​social worker
C) ​nurse
D) ​pharmacy student
E) ​speech therapist

Question 49

​Nutrition goals in the early phase of an HIV infection include _____.

A) ​maximum of 2,500 calories per day
B) ​non-weight-bearing exercise regimen
C) ​no mineral supplements
D) ​no vitamin supplements
E) ​calcium-rich and vitamin D-fortified foods.

Question 50

​What is Mr.Jones's BMI?

A) ​23
B) ​27
C) ​32
D) ​37
E) ​42

Question 51

​Mr.Jones is _____.

A) ​underweight
B) ​normal weight
C) ​overweight
D) ​obese
E) ​severely obese

Question 52

​The two main factors contributing to metabolic syndrome are _____ and _____.

A) ​obesity;diabetes
B) ​central adiposity;insulin resistance
C) ​inflammation;obesity
D) ​hypertension;insulin resistance
E) ​central adiposity;heart disease

Question 53

​A simple,low-cost method that can be used to screen for metabolic syndrome is _____.

A) ​random finger-stick blood sugar
B) ​waist circumference
C) ​waist-hip ratio
D) ​urine dipstick
E) ​basal body temperature

Question 54

​Based on the information above,he is at risk of developing several cardiometabolic conditions,including _____.

A) ​osteoarthritis
B) ​gall bladder disease
C) ​GRD
D) ​pancreatic cancer
E) ​hypertension

Question 55

​If you are counting carbohydrates in your diet plan,it is important to know that ½ cup of fresh fruit or 4 ounces of orange or apple juice is equal to _____ grams of carbohydrate.

A) ​5
B) ​12
C) ​15
D) ​20
E) ​25

Question 56

​Fifteen grams of carbohydrate could be obtained from which of the following?

A) ​3 cups popcorn (popped)
B) ​1.5 oz.potato chips
C) ​2 slices of bread
D) ​1 cup corn
E) ​1 medium baked potato

Question 57

​How long will it take for Molly to reach 126 pounds (a BMI of 23),assuming a caloric deficit of 3500 calories per week?

A) ​11 weeks
B) ​4 months
C) ​11 months
D) ​22 weeks
E) ​22 months

Question 58

​What term applies to liquid meals,meal bars,or packaged meals?

A) ​etiologic meals
B) ​functional food
C) ​low-calorie meals
D) ​snack food
E) ​replacement meals

Question 59

Matching
a.​Condition strongly associated with visceral adiposity
b.Fatty liver disease
c.A constellation of abnormalities that increase the risk of heart disease
d.High blood glucose levels resulting from the destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas
e.​Hyperpigmentation of the skin at the back of the neck
f.​Narrowing of blood vessels due to plaque buildup
g.A dietary approach for reducing CVD risk
h.High blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to use insulin normally,or to produce enough insulin
i.Abnormal blood levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides
j.The presence of one or more diseases or conditions in addition to the primary diagnosis
k.An abnormal redistribution of body fat stores
l.​Treatment of disease through the use of drugs
​Insulin resistance

Question 60

​How would you classify Molly's weight from question #35 based on the NIH classification?

A) ​underweight
B) ​normal weight
C) ​overweight
D) ​obese
E) ​severely obese

Question 61

Matching
a.​Condition strongly associated with visceral adiposity
b.Fatty liver disease
c.A constellation of abnormalities that increase the risk of heart disease
d.High blood glucose levels resulting from the destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas
e.​Hyperpigmentation of the skin at the back of the neck
f.​Narrowing of blood vessels due to plaque buildup
g.A dietary approach for reducing CVD risk
h.High blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to use insulin normally,or to produce enough insulin
i.Abnormal blood levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides
j.The presence of one or more diseases or conditions in addition to the primary diagnosis
k.An abnormal redistribution of body fat stores
l.​Treatment of disease through the use of drugs
Acanthosis nigricans

Question 62

Matching
a.​Condition strongly associated with visceral adiposity
b.Fatty liver disease
c.A constellation of abnormalities that increase the risk of heart disease
d.High blood glucose levels resulting from the destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas
e.​Hyperpigmentation of the skin at the back of the neck
f.​Narrowing of blood vessels due to plaque buildup
g.A dietary approach for reducing CVD risk
h.High blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to use insulin normally,or to produce enough insulin
i.Abnormal blood levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides
j.The presence of one or more diseases or conditions in addition to the primary diagnosis
k.An abnormal redistribution of body fat stores
l.​Treatment of disease through the use of drugs
​Type 2 diabetes

Question 63

Matching
a.​Condition strongly associated with visceral adiposity
b.Fatty liver disease
c.A constellation of abnormalities that increase the risk of heart disease
d.High blood glucose levels resulting from the destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas
e.​Hyperpigmentation of the skin at the back of the neck
f.​Narrowing of blood vessels due to plaque buildup
g.A dietary approach for reducing CVD risk
h.High blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to use insulin normally,or to produce enough insulin
i.Abnormal blood levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides
j.The presence of one or more diseases or conditions in addition to the primary diagnosis
k.An abnormal redistribution of body fat stores
l.​Treatment of disease through the use of drugs
​TLC

Question 64

List factors related to a client's motivation to engage in a weight-loss program,and in his or her ability to adhere to a treatment plan.

Question 65

Describe the stages of carcinogenesis and relate how dietary elements can modify this process.

Question 66

Matching
a.​Condition strongly associated with visceral adiposity
b.Fatty liver disease
c.A constellation of abnormalities that increase the risk of heart disease
d.High blood glucose levels resulting from the destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas
e.​Hyperpigmentation of the skin at the back of the neck
f.​Narrowing of blood vessels due to plaque buildup
g.A dietary approach for reducing CVD risk
h.High blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to use insulin normally,or to produce enough insulin
i.Abnormal blood levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides
j.The presence of one or more diseases or conditions in addition to the primary diagnosis
k.An abnormal redistribution of body fat stores
l.​Treatment of disease through the use of drugs
Metabolic syndrome​

Question 67

Identify the key assessment components to include in a nutrition assessment for a person at high risk for cardiovascular disease.

Question 68

M.J.has come to you for counseling on healthy weight loss.She is 35 years old and 150 pounds overweight.Her mother died of a heart attack at the age of 65.Outline a successful weight management program for her and discuss how she would be most likely to succeed with this.

Question 69

Matching
a.​Condition strongly associated with visceral adiposity
b.Fatty liver disease
c.A constellation of abnormalities that increase the risk of heart disease
d.High blood glucose levels resulting from the destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas
e.​Hyperpigmentation of the skin at the back of the neck
f.​Narrowing of blood vessels due to plaque buildup
g.A dietary approach for reducing CVD risk
h.High blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to use insulin normally,or to produce enough insulin
i.Abnormal blood levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides
j.The presence of one or more diseases or conditions in addition to the primary diagnosis
k.An abnormal redistribution of body fat stores
l.​Treatment of disease through the use of drugs
Steatahepatitis

Question 70

Describe what is meant by the term "obesogenic environment".Discuss how one might reduce these effects to achieve successful weight loss.

Question 71

Matching
a.​Condition strongly associated with visceral adiposity
b.Fatty liver disease
c.A constellation of abnormalities that increase the risk of heart disease
d.High blood glucose levels resulting from the destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas
e.​Hyperpigmentation of the skin at the back of the neck
f.​Narrowing of blood vessels due to plaque buildup
g.A dietary approach for reducing CVD risk
h.High blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to use insulin normally,or to produce enough insulin
i.Abnormal blood levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides
j.The presence of one or more diseases or conditions in addition to the primary diagnosis
k.An abnormal redistribution of body fat stores
l.​Treatment of disease through the use of drugs
​Pharmacotherapy

Question 72

Matching
a.​Condition strongly associated with visceral adiposity
b.Fatty liver disease
c.A constellation of abnormalities that increase the risk of heart disease
d.High blood glucose levels resulting from the destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas
e.​Hyperpigmentation of the skin at the back of the neck
f.​Narrowing of blood vessels due to plaque buildup
g.A dietary approach for reducing CVD risk
h.High blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to use insulin normally,or to produce enough insulin
i.Abnormal blood levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides
j.The presence of one or more diseases or conditions in addition to the primary diagnosis
k.An abnormal redistribution of body fat stores
l.​Treatment of disease through the use of drugs
Atherosclerosis

Question 73

Matching
a.​Condition strongly associated with visceral adiposity
b.Fatty liver disease
c.A constellation of abnormalities that increase the risk of heart disease
d.High blood glucose levels resulting from the destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas
e.​Hyperpigmentation of the skin at the back of the neck
f.​Narrowing of blood vessels due to plaque buildup
g.A dietary approach for reducing CVD risk
h.High blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to use insulin normally,or to produce enough insulin
i.Abnormal blood levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides
j.The presence of one or more diseases or conditions in addition to the primary diagnosis
k.An abnormal redistribution of body fat stores
l.​Treatment of disease through the use of drugs
​Dyslipidemia

Question 74

Discuss the cause and identify two risk factors for developing metabolic syndrome.Provide recommendations for a diet that would decrease the risk of developing this syndrome.

Question 75

Describe the prevalence of CVD and the development of coronary heart disease beginning with the process of atherosclerosis.What are the risk factors associated with CVR and what can you do to prevent them from occurring?

Question 76

Matching
a.​Condition strongly associated with visceral adiposity
b.Fatty liver disease
c.A constellation of abnormalities that increase the risk of heart disease
d.High blood glucose levels resulting from the destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas
e.​Hyperpigmentation of the skin at the back of the neck
f.​Narrowing of blood vessels due to plaque buildup
g.A dietary approach for reducing CVD risk
h.High blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to use insulin normally,or to produce enough insulin
i.Abnormal blood levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides
j.The presence of one or more diseases or conditions in addition to the primary diagnosis
k.An abnormal redistribution of body fat stores
l.​Treatment of disease through the use of drugs
Lipodystrophy

Question 77

Matching
a.​Condition strongly associated with visceral adiposity
b.Fatty liver disease
c.A constellation of abnormalities that increase the risk of heart disease
d.High blood glucose levels resulting from the destruction of insulin-producing cells of the pancreas
e.​Hyperpigmentation of the skin at the back of the neck
f.​Narrowing of blood vessels due to plaque buildup
g.A dietary approach for reducing CVD risk
h.High blood glucose levels due to the body's inability to use insulin normally,or to produce enough insulin
i.Abnormal blood levels of cholesterol and/or triglycerides
j.The presence of one or more diseases or conditions in addition to the primary diagnosis
k.An abnormal redistribution of body fat stores
l.​Treatment of disease through the use of drugs
Type 1 diabetes

Question 78

Describe the central defect in type 2 diabetes and the adverse side effects high levels of blood glucose have on the body.

Question 79

Discuss cognitive behavioral therapy for weight management and list the 12 components of weight-management programs based on this type of therapy.

Question 80

List factors that are important for working with the diabetic patient when determining their needs,tailoring a management plan,patient education and counseling,and monitoring progress over time.