Question 1

A patient is in chronic renal failure. Based on this diagnosis, what would the pharmacist anticipate the patient might require regarding medications?&#10;A) Higher dosages of medications than would a patient with normally functioning kidneys&#10;B) The same medication dosage as would a patient with normally functioning kidneys&#10;C) A significant dosage reduction in most medications&#10;D) A kidney transplant

Accepted Answer

Patients in chronic renal failure often require reduced dosages of medications because their kidneys are less able to eliminate drugs from the body, leading to an increased risk of drug accumulation and toxicity.

Question 2

A patient is receiving IV furosemide. The pharmacist will monitor for which adverse effect?&#10;A) Bradycardia&#10;B) Vomiting&#10;C) Nausea&#10;D) Hypotension

Accepted Answer

Furosemide is a diuretic that can cause a decrease in blood volume, leading to hypotension as an adverse effect.

Question 3

The patient is receiving dextran 40 as a fluid replacement agent. What is the mechanism of action for this solution?&#10;A) It replaces electrolytes.&#10;B) It increases osmotic pressure.&#10;C) It leaves the blood and enters cells.&#10;D) It promotes urine output.

Accepted Answer

Dextran 40 is a type of colloid solution that works by increasing the osmotic pressure in the blood vessels. This draws fluid into the blood vessels from the surrounding tissues, thereby expanding blood volume and improving circulation.

Question 4

The pharmacist is providing education to a patient on a loop diuretic. Which foods high in potassium should the pharmacist include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A) Dried fruits
B) Broccoli
C) Bananas
D) Peanut butter
E) Coffee

Accepted Answer

Loop diuretics can lead to potassium loss, so it's important to consume foods high in potassium to prevent hypokalemia. Dried fruits, broccoli, bananas, and peanut butter are all good sources of potassium. Coffee, however, is not recognized for its potassium content in the context of dietary recommendations for potassium intake.

Question 5

The patient has been prescribed furosemide. What are the potential side effects of this treatment? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A) Dehydration
B) Dizziness
C) Hypotension
D) Dysrhythmias
E) Hyperkalemia

Accepted Answer

Furosemide is a loop diuretic that can cause dehydration, dizziness, hypotension, and dysrhythmias due to electrolyte imbalances like hypokalemia, not hyperkalemia.

Question 6

The pharmacist is presenting education regarding the use of diuretics. What conditions should the pharmacist include in the educational session regarding the use of diuretics? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A) Pulmonary edema
B) Heart failure
C) Hypertension
D) Hypotension
E) Dependent edema

Accepted Answer

Diuretics are used to treat conditions that involve fluid retention, such as pulmonary edema, heart failure, hypertension, and dependent edema.

Question 7

Most of the water in the filtrate is excreted.

Accepted Answer

absorbed not excreted

Question 8

Furosemide is considered a potent diuretic since it blocks the reabsorption of calcium in the ascending loop of Henle where the concentration of calcium is the highest, so more calcium stays it the filtrate causing more urine production and a greater reduction in blood volume and blood pressure.

Accepted Answer

reabsorption of sodium…concentration of sodium…so more sodium

Question 9

Most diuretic drugs cause sodium, potassium, and water to be excreted in the urine.

Accepted Answer

Diuretic drugs work by increasing the excretion of sodium and water from the body, which often also leads to increased potassium excretion, depending on the type of diuretic.

Question 10

If your pH is above 7.45, you are suffering from a condition known as alkalosis.

Accepted Answer

A pH above 7.45 indicates alkalosis, which means the body fluids have too much base (alkali), making the blood and other bodily fluids too alkaline.

Question 11

The reason that a thiazide diuretic is often given with a potassium sparing diuretic in the same tablet is to reduce the amount of water lost while still allowing potassium to be excreted in the urine.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The reason that a thiazide diuretic is...

Question 12

Sodium bicarbonate is used to reverse alkalosis while ammonium chloride or sodium chloride with potassium chloride is used to reverse acidosis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sodium bicarbonate is used to reverse alkalosis...

Question 13

Explain what is acidosis and alkalosis, what are their symptoms, and how do you treat each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what is acidosis and alkalosis, what...

Question 14

Explain how and where the different types of diuretics work and give examples of each type.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how and where the different types...

Question 15

How is kidney function determined?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How is kidney function determined?...

Deck 22: Drugs for Kidney, Acid-Base, and Electrolyte Disorders