Deck 5: Pharmacodynamics

Question 1

Receptors can be located (select all that apply):

A) On the plasma membrane
B) In the cytoplasm
C) In the nucleus of the cell
D) On the surface of the skin

Answer 1

On the plasma membrane
In the cytoplasm
In the nucleus of the cell

Question 2

These type of drugs produce a response when they bind to the receptor:

A) Antagonists
B) Agonists
C) Blockers
D) Competitors

Answer 2

Agonists

Question 3

An interaction where diphenhydramine (Benadryl) for allergies is given with the antianxiety drug alprazolam(Xanax), causing excessive sedation and fatigue is called:

A) An antagonistic reaction
B) A synergistic reaction
C) A hostile reaction
D) An incompatible reaction

Answer 3

A synergistic reaction

Question 4

Certain risk factors increase the incidence of a drug interaction, such as: (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A) protein binding
B) large therapeutic window,
C) middle age
D) gender

Question 5

Which of the following are names of isoenzymes with the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme system? (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A) CYP3A4
B) CYP2D19
C) CYP1A2
D) CYP2B9

Question 6

The most common isoenzyme system of the cytochrome P450 isoenzyme system is:

A) CYP3A4
B) CYP1A2
C) CYP2B6
D) CYP2C19

Question 7

A drug that increases the amount and activity of that specific CYP450 isoenzyme is called:

A) An inhibitor
B) An inducer
C) A substrate
D) An agonist

Question 8

If a substrate is taken with an inhibitor of the same isoenzyme, the result would be:

A) An accumulation of the inhibitor in the body
B) An accumulation of the substrate in the body
C) A decrease in the inhibitor in the body.
D) A decrease in the substrate in the body.

Question 9

Dosing adjustments would need to be done for the following conditions: (Select all that apply.) Note: Credit will be given only if all correct choices and no incorrect choices are selected.

A) Cardiovascular disease
B) Active liver disease
C) Active kidney disease
D) Active dermatological conditions

Question 10

If a patient has kidney disease, what is affected and what happens to drugs?

A) Metabolism is affected; drugs are metabolized slower and drugs accumulate in the body
B) Distribution is affected; drugs stay in the blood longer and are inactivated
C) Elimination is affected; drugs will accumulate in the body due to slower excretion
D) Absorption is affected; drugs will be absorbed slower and will be delayed in their action

Question 11

Within a population, a dose of medication may produce a dramatic response in one patient while having no effect in another.

Question 12

The drug or the natural body substance attaches to its receptor, much like a lock and a key.

Question 13

Agonists are drugs referred to as facilitators of cellular action.

Question 14

If a drug is more potent than another drug, it is more efficacious than the other drug.

Question 15

An example of antagonistic interaction would be a patient taking penicillin (a bactericidal antibiotic) and azithromycin (a bacteriostatic antibiotic) together, resulting in an increase of the blood levels of penicillin.

Question 16

Within the kidney is a system of enzymes called the cytochrome P450 (CYP450) isoenzyme system, and these enzymes are used to metabolize or chemically alter drugs.

Question 17

When simvastatin (substrate), a cholesterol-lowering product, is combined with grapefruit juice (inhibitor), it results in a decreased levels of simvastatin in the body.

Question 18

If a person has cardiovascular disease, drug distribution, metabolism and excretion may be affected negatively.

Question 19

What adjustments in drug therapy may be needed to compensate for liver or kidney disease?

Question 20

Explain the following terms: minimum effective concentration, minimum toxic concentration and therapeutic window.

Question 21

What is the difference between an antagonist and an agonist?