Deck 15: Social Psychology

Question 1

The two basic types of attributions suggest that behavior can be explained by internal _____ or external _____.

A) temperament, circumstances
B) dispositions, situations
C) personality, factors
D) traits, realit

Answer 1

dispositions, situations

Question 2

Dr. Mitchell is a brilliant lecturer who strongly prefers reading to the company of others. Despite being an introvert, however, she is VERY outgoing while she lectures. She is so outgoing during lecturing that her students commit the _______ in labeling her an extrovert.

A) saliency bias
B) self-serving error
C) faulty judgment error
D) fundamental attribution erro

Answer 2

fundamental attribution erro

Question 3

The homeless are mostly blamed for their state of homelessness. This is known as __________________.

A) the fundamental attribution error
B) the saliency bias
C) self-serving bias
D) discriminatio

Answer 3

the saliency bias

Question 4

How is the affective component of an attitude typically measured?

A) survey
B) physiological measures
C) direct observation
D) PET sca

Question 5

How is the behavioral component of an attitude typically measured?

A) survey
B) physiological measures
C) direct observation
D) both a and

Question 6

Which group would stand closer to one another during a conversation?

A) Muslims
B) North Americans
C) North Europeans
D) There is no differenc

Question 7

What are three factors that explain why people conform?

A) personality, genetics, and learning
B) motivational level, level of physiological arousal, and level of interpersonal arousal
C) normative social influence, informational social influence, and reference groups
D) introversion-extroversion, bystander bias, and ingroup-outgroup role

Question 8

According to the text, ______ allow(s) social life to proceed with safety, order, and predictability.

A) conformity
B) obedience
C) norms
D) both a and

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a way to increase obedience identified in your text?

A) Power of the situation.
B) Foot-in-the-door.
C) Socialization.
D) These are all ways to increase obedience

Question 10

Which of the following is true about the Stanford Prison study?

A) all of the college men participating in the study came into the study with some psychological condition
B) there was a control group in the study
C) there were no clear measurements of the independent variable
D) there were no clear measurements of the dependent variabl

Question 11

It was subsequently thought that groups make riskier decisions than individuals do. This outdated view of group decision-making is called ______________.

A) a risky shift
B) a cognitive reversal
C) group polarization
D) groupthin

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT required for groupthink to occur?

A) a strongly cohesive, isolated group
B) a directive leader who is not open to debate
C) a mindguard
D) a devil's advocat

Question 13

Which of the following is a symptom of poor decision-making?

A) poor search for relevant information
B) unbiased processing of information
C) recognizing the risks associated with the preferred choice
D) development of a contingency pla

Question 14

Four commonly cited sources of ________ are learning, mental shortcuts, economic and political competition, and displaced aggression.

A) discrimination
B) bias
C) favoritism
D) prejudic

Question 15

Who is MOST likely to learn a prejudice against a new group of people?

A) Angela watches a movie in which members of this group are recognized for their talents.
B) Gabriel hears his parents and friends make derogatory statements about members of this group.
C) Kema befriends a member of this group and experiences a rise in his own self-esteem.
D) John decides to introduce a member of the group to his friends

Question 16

According to _____, aggression prevents overcrowding and ensures survival of the fittest.

A) psychiatrists
B) ethologists
C) ecologists
D) biological psychologist

Question 17

Which of the following statements regarding the possible biological origins of aggression has NOT been supported by research?

A) Food additives and preservatives play a role in aggression.
B) Some people are genetically predisposed to have hostile temperaments and engage in aggressive acts.
C) Specific parts of the brain are implicated in aggression.
D) Substance abuse is a major factor in aggression

Question 18

Violent behavior has been linked to low levels of _____.

A) serotonin and GABA
B) norepinephrine and epinephrine
C) dopamine
D) acetylcholin

Question 19

Alcohol can increase the chances of homicide for individuals with what psychological disorder?

A) amnesia
B) schizophrenia
C) depression
D) anxiet

Question 20

Another word for "prosocial behavior" is _____________.

A) empathy
B) compassion
C) assistance
D) altruis

Question 21

In heterosexual relationships, who most often initiates courtship?

A) men
B) women
C) either men or women
D) both partners jointl

Question 22

According to Sternberg, trouble occurs when one of the partners has ___________ need for one or more of the components.

A) higher
B) lower
C) equal
D) higher or lowe

Question 23

Define attribution. Describe and illustrate the two critical misjudgments people make, and state possible reasons for each.

Question 24

Describe cognitive dissonance theory. Explain the three ways cognitive dissonance can be resolved using an example of cognitive dissonance you have experienced in your own life.

Question 25

Define attitude and prejudice, and describe the three basic components of an attitude, using them to differentiate between a stereotype and discrimination. State why "positive prejudice"
is harmful to members of a group

Question 26

What are some of the proposed reasons for why prejudice exists?

Question 27

Describe three key factors in interpersonal attraction and state how each contributes to either the initiation or maintenance of a relationship.

Question 28

Define conformity, and explain the three factors that contribute to this behavior, using examples of conformity from your own personal history.

Question 29

Define obedience, and describe how authority, responsibility, modeling, and graduations in requests, affected obedience in Milgram's study.

Question 30

Define what a role is, then describe Zimbardo's classic prison study, the behavior of both guards and prisoners, and what was learned from the study.

Question 31

Discuss how group polarization and groupthink affect group decision-making. Illustrate your discussion with what might occur during jury deliberations for an accused serial murderer.

Question 32

Define altruism and diffusion of responsibility, then use Latane and Darley's research to describe how you could increase the likelihood of getting help if your car broke down on a busy freeway.

Question 33

Imagine that you are a preschool teacher and you have noticed that several "cliques"of students are showing signs of prejudice and discrimination toward each other. Describe how you could implement cooperation, superordinate goals, increased contact, and cognitive retraining to reduce these attitudes and behaviors.