Deck 28: The Global Boom and Its Contradictions, 1945-1975

Question 1

The population of which country or region in 1973 was comparable to the world's total population in 1600?

A) India
B) the states of East Africa
C) China
D) Brazil

Answer 1

India

Question 2

In the postwar years, what economic changes occurred in the major capitalist states?

A) Their GDP shrank.
B) Real wages fell.
C) Unemployment was high.
D) Inflation remained mild.

Answer 2

Inflation remained mild.

Question 3

What action did the principal Axis nations take with regard to the Bretton Woods plan?

A) Italy and Japan subscribed to it, but not Germany.
B) Those Axis nations that were capitalist subscribed to it.
C) They wished to join but were not allowed to do so by the "club of capitalist states."
D) As a group, they rejected it in favor of directed economies.

Answer 3

Those Axis nations that were capitalist subscribed to it.

Question 4

What 1947 agreement lowered customs duties on manufactured goods?

A) the World Trade Organization charter
B) the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
C) the OECD
D) the "Bretton Woods System"

Question 5

What secretary of state argued that when the war was over, the "reestablishment of some twenty-five wholly independent sovereign states in Europe would be political folly"?

A) Bretton Wood
B) George Marshall
C) John Dulles
D) Henry Kissinger

Question 6

Why did the welfare state grow faster in Western Europe than in the United States?

A) There was not as much public support in the U.S. as in Western Europe.
B) The economy grew faster in Western Europe than it did in the U.S.
C) Western Europe had to placate extreme left political interests.
D) Leaders of the extreme left and radical right compromised in Western Europe.

Question 7

Before 1945, how many countries dedicated to the Marxist-Leninist brand of socialist ideology existed in the world?

A) 1
B) 4
C) 8
D) 12

Question 8

In the 1950s, what country showed the fastest rate of growth?

A) the United States
B) the Soviet Union
C) Britain
D) West Germany

Question 9

The Soviet "Five Year Plans" were

A) the self-set political goals of the politburo.
B) industrial production goals suggested by the politburo.
C) required if the Soviets wanted economic help from the Bretton Woods plan.
D) government-mandated economic goals.

Question 10

What Soviet leader ascended to the top of the Soviet political hierarchy within two years of Stalin's death?

A) Leonid Brezhnev
B) Vasili Tokarev
C) Nikita Khrushchev
D) Alexander Kosygin

Question 11

In Mao's China, when the government directly managed the economy,

A) growth accelerated.
B) growth waned.
C) income inequalities widened.
D) peasants would strike, wanting more control.

Question 12

Mao's Cultural Revolution was intended to cleanse the party and society of

A) bourgeois values.
B) foreign influences.
C) ideological impurities.
D) All these answers are correct.

Question 13

Mexico quadrupled its manufacturing output between 1945 and 1973 using an economic ideology called

A) import substitution industrialization.
B) Keynesian economics.
C) Smith's "invisible hand."
D) five-year development planning.

Question 14

What Argentinian president kept a tight rein on power but also appealed to the urban masses and labor unions for support?

A) Augusto Pinochet
B) Juan Perón
C) Salvador Allende
D) Eva Duarte

Question 15

How did industrial manufacturing in South Korea, Hong Kong, and Singapore significantly differ from the Latin American model?

A) It was domestic market focused.
B) It used only domestic capital investments.
C) It was export market focused.
D) It used only foreign capital investments.

Question 16

Unlike the urban sprawl of less industrialized nations, urban sprawl in industrialized nations has been typified by

A) the middle class moving out of city centers.
B) poor job-seekers moving nearer city centers.
C) the poor erecting shantytowns around city cores.
D) the middle class moving nearer city centers.

Question 17

By what method or product did corporations seek to help customers with average incomes enjoy instant gratification?

A) marketing promotions
B) retail pricing strategies
C) planned obsolescence
D) new credit mechanisms

Question 18

Economists incorrectly worried that if the consumer economy fulfilled most desires and the welfare state kept everyone above water then productivity would

A) rise significantly.
B) rise.
C) not vary greatly.
D) decline.

Question 19

Between the mid 1950s and the 1980s, nuclear power plants grew most notably in what European country?

A) Britain
B) France
C) Germany
D) Italy

Question 20

Heavy industry in northern Europe made a fast recovery, but at the ecological expense of what river?

A) the Rhine
B) the Danube
C) the Seine
D) the Rhone

Question 21

What Egyptian public works project designed to help feed its growing population instead served to increase food imports?

A) the creation of irrigation canals
B) the high dam project at Aswan
C) the filling of Lake Nasser
D) the dikes of the Nile Delta

Question 22

Which of the following was an unintended consequence of the "Green Revolution" that started in the 1930s?

A) Large industrial farms received the greatest benefits.
B) Some hybridized seeds produced sterile plants.
C) Millions of family farmers left the land.
D) Crop prices at the market were low.

Question 23

When did scientists start to systematically measure air contamination in big cities and industrial regions?

A) near the beginning of the industrial revolution
B) the beginning of the twentieth century
C) during the interwar years
D) in the 1960s

Question 24

The book Silent Spring, which roused scientific and public consciousness about the environment, was written by whom?

A) Rachel Carson
B) Abdel Nasser
C) Margaret Sanger
D) Gloria Steinem

Question 25

What body or government authorized military intervention on the Korean peninsula on behalf of the South Koreans?

A) the United States
B) the UN
C) the Soviet Union
D) China

Question 26

As of 1974, who among the following was NOT a member of the "nuclear club"?

A) Pakistan
B) India
C) France
D) Israel

Question 27

The strategy known as MAD is an attempt to defend against

A) anti-missile systems.
B) a nuclear attack.
C) conventional global war.
D) submarine missile systems.

Question 28

In 1956, Hungarian citizens revolted against their communist government, demanding withdrawal from the Soviet bloc. How did the Soviets respond?

A) The Red Army moved in to suppress the insurgency.
B) A compromise was met, where those that wished could emigrate to the West.
C) The Hungarian Army brutally suppressed the insurgency.
D) The Soviets let them withdraw from the bloc.

Question 29

Which of the following statements about the Cold War era is true?

A) It was called the Cold War because for 25 years there were no armed conflicts between nations.
B) Though there were some conflicts in the world, neither the U.S. nor the Soviets intervened.
C) There were approximately 55 armed conflicts during this era, but none that went global.
D) The Cold War played out on almost every continent except Africa.

Question 30

What 1962 event was seen as a critical turning point in the projection of Soviet imperial power?

A) the construction of the Berlin Wall
B) the Cuban missile crisis
C) the overthrow of Fulgencio Batista
D) the Bay of Pigs invasion

Question 31

Who was the last imperial power in Africa to realize they could no long afford their empire?

A) Britain
B) France
C) Belgium
D) Portugal

Question 32

Which of Great Britain's fifteen colonial dependencies in Africa was the largest?

A) Nigeria
B) the British Gold Coast
C) Sierra Leone
D) Southwest Africa

Question 33

Who was a founder of the Convention People's Party that was later elected to lead Ghana?

A) Kwame Nkrumah
B) Richard Wright
C) Ephraim Inoni
D) Agyekum Kufuor

Question 34

What did the French Fourth Republic intend to do with its colonial empire?

A) grant full sovereignty as quickly as possible
B) allow gradual sovereignty after enough évolués had been elected
C) keep their colonial possessions
D) create a mandate for the Fifth Republic to follow

Question 35

When did the former French colonies in West and Equatorial Africa achieve full sovereignty?

A) 1945
B) 1950
C) 1955
D) 1960

Question 36

How was Algeria different from all other French overseas colonies?

A) French was its primary language.
B) Its population included a large number of Europeans.
C) Its colonial government was autonomous.
D) Algerians wished to be French.

Question 37

The British dependency of Southern Rhodesia would become known as ________ after it gained its independence.

A) Rhodesia
B) Zimbabwe
C) Batswana
D) Zambia

Question 38

After the discovery of oil in Nigeria, the southeastern region of the country tried to form a separate state named

A) Banjul.
B) Bantu.
C) Bissau.
D) Biafra.

Question 39

Why did the Congo fall into civil disarray so quickly after gaining independence from Belgium?

A) fighting between strong nationalistic parties in the country
B) violent disagreements between the two largest ethnic groups
C) the failure of Belgium to prepare the colony for self rule
D) riots over the lack of jobs for its large educated population

Question 40

Who was elected the first prime minister in the Congo?

A) Patrice Lumumba
B) Abbé Fulbert Youlou
C) Joseph Mobutu
D) Denis Sassou Nguesso

Question 41

Who of the following was NOT part of the military campaign to seize the Suez Canal and overthrow Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser?

A) Britain
B) France
C) Israel
D) the United States

Question 42

Which of the following did Israel occupy after the 1967 Six Day War?

A) the Arabian peninsula
B) the East Bank
C) the Golan Heights
D) Jordan

Question 43

Why did Vietnam achieve independence several years sooner than most of France's colonies?

A) the timetable established by the UN
B) the French army's poor performance in battle
C) Ho Chi Minh's appeal to French negotiators at the Paris peace conference
D) France's disinterest in Southeast Asia

Question 44

The National Liberation Front (NLF) in Vietnam was also known as

A) the Viet Cong.
B) the Viet Minh.
C) the NVA.
D) North Vietnam.

Question 45

What country was known to have the most severe institutionalized racism?

A) the United States
B) South Africa
C) the Soviet Union
D) Vietnam

Question 46

Which of the major African nationalist parties was more radical?

A) the African National Congress (ANC)
B) the African Liberation Organization (ALO)
C) the People's Front of Africa (PFA)
D) the Pan-African Congress (PAC)

Question 47

Why did so many "baby boomers" flood into colleges and universities between 1964 and 1970?

A) the G.I. Bill
B) the rising incomes of working parents
C) youths' lack of interest in farm labor work
D) lowered academic entrance requirements

Question 48

The brief period of political liberalization that ended when Soviet and Eastern European armies sent in tanks to restore order in Czechoslovakia was known as

A) the Prague Spring.
B) the Summer of Discontent.
C) Sunday Bloody Sunday.
D) the Velvet Revolution.

Question 49

In most newly emerging states, male elites insisted that women who served the nationalist movements should

A) remain in the movements, but only in support roles.
B) serve the movement by building strong families.
C) also serve in the national assembly.
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 50

Who wrote The Feminine Mystique?

A) Simone de Beauvoir
B) Gloria Steinem
C) Golda Meir
D) Betty Friedan

Question 51

How did new drugs and pesticides facilitate a global population surge?

Question 52

Discuss the implementation of ISI in the Americas. Why was it needed? Who had success using it?

Question 53

How did the Aswan dam negatively affect the floodplains of the Nile and its delta?

Question 54

What was MAD and how was it designed to work?

Question 55

Discuss the National Liberation Front. Who were they fighting, and why?

Question 56

Who was Joseph Mobutu, and how did he rise to power in the early 1960s?

Question 57

In 1948, what nation-state implemented a system of new laws known collectively as apartheid? Give some specific examples of these laws.