Deck 19: The Expanding Global Economy: Expectations and Inequalities, 1550-1700

Question 1

As of 1550, which two explorers were the only two to have explored the length of North America's Atlantic seaboard?

A) Columbus and Cabot
B) Cabot and Verrazano
C) Verrazano and Gómez
D) Gómez and Magellan

Answer 1

Verrazano and Gómez

Question 2

Who came to dominate the Atlantic sea trade and exchange in the seventeenth century?

A) Spain
B) Portugal
C) European governments
D) large international companies

Answer 2

large international companies

Question 3

Which vessel, developed in the late sixteenth century, represented a key advance in shipbuilding technology and was used for both war and commerce into the eighteenth century?

A) carrack
B) caravel
C) galleon
D) fluyt

Answer 3

galleon

Question 4

In the seventeenth century, what vessel dominated the shipping lanes of northern Europe?

A) carrack
B) caravel
C) galley
D) fluyt

Question 5

Who founded the House of India to assert control over transoceanic trade?

A) Portugal
B) Spain
C) India
D) England

Question 6

The model whereby the crown awarded a private business the monopoly rights to trade or plant settlers in specific regions is known as

A) an expanded trust.
B) a royal grant.
C) an incorporation.
D) a charter.

Question 7

Which of the following was introduced to the Americas during the Columbian Exchange?

A) wheat
B) potatoes
C) tomatoes
D) turkeys

Question 8

What European animal infested the island of Hispaniola within eight years of Columbus's first voyage, competing with indigenous animals for food?

A) brown rats
B) sheep
C) pigs
D) cattle

Question 9

When Spanish settlers founded Buenos Aires in 1580, what did they find already teeming in the surrounding countryside?

A) brown rats
B) sheep
C) pigs
D) cattle

Question 10

Columbus carried what food crop back to Spain that was to become a staple for both people and domestic animals throughout Iberia?

A) potatoes
B) maize
C) sweet potatoes
D) wheat

Question 11

Manioc, a root crop native to tropical America, moved from ________ to the rest of the globe.

A) Brazil
B) Hispaniola
C) Chile
D) Cuba

Question 12

Which of the following was an outcome of the introduction of American foods to Afroeurasia?

A) Afroeurasians became more susceptible to disease.
B) Afroeurasians began eating less nutritious foods.
C) Afroeurasian populations dramatically increased.
D) Afroeurasian soils were compromised and native foods negatively impacted.

Question 13

What metal was found in great abundance near Potos', a site in the highlands of Bolivia?

A) mercury
B) gold
C) copper
D) silver

Question 14

Which of the following was NOT a means the Spanish crown used to acquire silver?

A) taxes
B) duties
C) mine ownership
D) impoundment

Question 15

As of 1600, Afroeurasia was home to approximately what percentage of the world's population?

A) 25 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 98 percent

Question 16

Which of the following was an indication of prosperity in the densely populated regions of Afroeurasia in the 1600s?

A) rapid urbanization
B) the printing of paper money
C) decreased job specialization
D) proliferation of banks

Question 17

What European city was the most important northern center of commerce and banking until about 1570?

A) Antwerp
B) London
C) Paris
D) Amsterdam

Question 18

What key innovation was used to raise yields of a farm's acreage?

A) transforming swamps into cropland
B) allowing fields to go fallow for a given time
C) the four-field rotation system
D) turning arable land into pastures

Question 19

What effect did the continued influx of silver into Europe have?

A) It drove the value of gold coinage up.
B) It diluted its own value.
C) It fostered a deflationary spiral.
D) It drove the value of copper coinage up.

Question 20

All of the following resulted from Europe's inflationary spiral EXCEPT

A) higher standards of living.
B) increased unemployment.
C) more day laborers.
D) increased prices.

Question 21

The brutal struggle that engulfed much of Europe during the early- to mid-seventeenth century was known as the

A) Iberian-Prussian War.
B) War of the Roses.
C) Sovereignty War.
D) Thirty Years' War.

Question 22

The accords of the Peace of Westphalia reinforced the principle of ________ that has guided international relations ever since.

A) natural borders
B) ethnic homogeneity
C) freedom of religion
D) territorial sovereignty

Question 23

With regard to trade in the first half of the sixteenth century, the Ming government

A) openly sought trade relationships, especially with the Japanese.
B) opened all of its ports to Afroeurasian merchants.
C) enforced policies that restricted Chinese participation in international trade.
D) diverted public resources from defense of land to maritime defense.

Question 24

Why did Chinese demand for silver soar in the seventeenth century?

A) the Ming dynasty's love of silver gilded furnishings
B) the need for a reliable currency system
C) in response to the popularity of silver jewelry among the elite
D) its use in new iron smelting technology

Question 25

Some historians have argued that China's seemingly unquenchable demand for silver

A) reduced the fighting in Europe.
B) made its economy the largest in the world.
C) financed the Spanish colonies in the New World.
D) increased the demand for paper money and copper coinage.

Question 26

Which of the following was the capital of the Tokugawa shogunate?

A) Nagasaki
B) Osaka
C) Kyoto
D) Edo

Question 27

Who was the largest exporter of silver to China?

A) Japan
B) Spain
C) the Philippines
D) Portugal

Question 28

In addition to silver, gold, and copper coins, the ________ that came mainly from the Maldive Islands in the Indian Ocean were also used as money in certain regions.

A) cowry shells
B) paper bills
C) pearls
D) sand dollars

Question 29

The term "________" refers to transporting goods from port to port in a given region without returning to a distant "home"
Port.

A) foreign flag shipping
B) island hopping
C) country trade
D) old circuit trade

Question 30

The Dutch campaign to monopolize the Asian trade was based out of Jakarta, which they renamed

A) Manila.
B) Batavia.
C) New Holland.
D) Haarlem.

Question 31

The English joint-stock enterprise similar to the Dutch VOC was called the

A) South Asia Trading Company.
B) West Indies Ltd.
C) Oriental Trading Company.
D) East India Company.

Question 32

Why did the Ming, Mughal, and Safavid empires continue to trade with Europeans?

A) They benefited from it.
B) They were too weak to prevent it.
C) They had to meet economic treaty obligations.
D) None of these answers is correct.

Question 33

What was the leading Russian export that traveled on the Inner Eurasian north-south routes to China, India, Persia, and the Ottoman lands?

A) horses
B) almonds
C) furs
D) textiles

Question 34

The demand for labor in the Americas

A) was satisfied primarily with native workers.
B) far exceeded the pace of European immigration.
C) had begun to shrink as capitalist planters enlisted indentured servants.
D) was fairly low, as commercial plantation agriculture was just beginning.

Question 35

From the mid-1500s to 1830, the largest group of immigrants to the Americas consisted of

A) soldiers, royal officials, and missionaries.
B) miners, trappers, and artisans.
C) fortune-seekers, workers, and their families.
D) tropical Africans sold into slavery.

Question 36

What type of social bondage was common in western Europe until the fifteenth century?

A) bonded servitude
B) slavery
C) indentured servitude
D) serfdom

Question 37

Some historians contend that slavery was widespread in the Afroeurasian tropical zone because power was demonstrated by

A) owning labor, not land.
B) owning land, not labor.
C) buying many wives.
D) raising large conscript armies.

Question 38

With whom did Portuguese merchants contract to supply slaves for its American colonies?

A) Brazil
B) Portugal
C) Spain
D) the Dutch

Question 39

In the two centuries following the mid-1500s, what agricultural commodity became America's most valuable export crop?

A) rice
B) sugar
C) indigo
D) cotton

Question 40

Which of the following is a "drug food" with mildly addictive properties?

A) tea
B) coffee
C) sugar
D) All these answers are correct.

Question 41

The economic doctrine of mercantilism was based on the premise that

A) the wealth from the colonies was infinite and must be protected.
B) European states should work together to secure wealth from the colonies for the homeland.
C) the world's exploitable wealth was finite, and trade barriers against rival states should be erected.
D) European states should accumulate wealth by increasing the amount of colonial imports.

Question 42

Before 1820, four out of every five females who crossed the Atlantic to America were

A) indentured servants.
B) wives or daughters of rich plantation owners.
C) slaves from Africa.
D) unlikely to live more than about two years.

Question 43

In what decade did the Atlantic slave trade reach it zenith?

A) 1760s
B) 1780s
C) 1800s
D) 1820s

Question 44

Why did Portuguese sugar planters largely abandon the island of São Tomé in the seventeenth century?

A) warfare conducted by escaped slaves
B) diminishing profits as the island soil "played out"
C) a persistent white grub infestation that destroyed the sugar cane
D) the end of the slave trade

Question 45

Between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries, what was happening to the size of the population in Atlantic-facing tropical Africa?

A) It was trending rapidly upward.
B) It was growing slowly.
C) It was generally stable.
D) It was in decline.

Question 46

Which of the following individuals would African rulers most likely sell into slavery with Europeans?

A) a prisoner of war
B) a low-caste member of one's community
C) a productive domestic slave
D) an outcast member of one's community

Question 47

With whom did the Kongo kingdom have a series of ruinous wars in Angola?

A) the Tutsis
B) the Spanish
C) the Hutu
D) the Portuguese

Question 48

Who was the Ndongo royal princess who led her army inland and conquered the Matamba kingdom?

A) Nazahah
B) Nusaybah
C) Nzinga
D) Neliah

Question 49

What state centered in the wooded grasslands west of the Niger River rose to regional power after 1600?

A) Dahomey
B) Asante
C) Oyo
D) Ashanti

Question 50

A ________ was a common symbol of political authority in the region that is now known as Ghana.

A) type of stool
B) bundle of wooden rods
C) ceremonial fly-whisk
D) decorated herder's crook

Question 51

Describe the ship type known as a galleon. How was it similar to other vessels that preceded it? What was the significance of its framing?

Question 52

List the foodstuff items Columbus and the voyagers who followed him brought to the Americas. Why did they bring live animals on their voyages to America?

Question 53

Discuss the three factors that were instrumental in launching the sixteenth-century silver boom.

Question 54

In the sixteenth century, why was it hard for small farmers to acquire land to grow the grain that Europe needed? What solutions were found?

Question 55

Why was China referred to as the "silver sink"? Briefly explain China's need for silver and how it helped or hurt China's economy.

Question 56

What was the VOC and how did it operate? Were there any other ventures similar to the VOC?

Question 57

The feasibility of what practices was demonstrated by the Portuguese success in raising sugar cane on São Tomé off the Central African coast?