Deck 9: Rejecting Tobacco Use

Question 1

The 1999 Master Tobacco Settlement Agreement between the states and the tobacco industry included payment of $246 billion over 25 years to the states for

A) reimbursement of smoking related Medicaid costs.
B) lung cancer and nicotine-free cigarette research.
C) smoke-free public building expenses.
D) anti-smoking education programs.

Answer 1

reimbursement of smoking related Medicaid costs.

Question 2

Which state has the highest smoking rate in the nation?

A) Utah
B) Kentucky
C) Arkansas
D) California

Answer 2

Kentucky

Question 3

Following the 1964 Surgeon General's report about smoking, the percentage of people smoking in the United States

A) declined until the early 1970s.
B) declined until the early 1980s.
C) declined until the late 1980s.
D) declined until the early 1990s.

Answer 3

declined until the early 1990s.

Question 4

As education level increases, the rate of smoking

A) increases.
B) decreases.
C) remains stable.
D) becomes less predictable.

Question 5

When segments of a college community are studied, there is a direct relationship between cigarette smoking and

A) level of alcohol use.
B) using drugs.
C) having poor study skills.
D) being considered a loner or outcast.

Question 6

Nontobacco sources of nicotine include all of the following EXCEPT

A) Nico Water.
B) e-cigarettes.
C) Eclipse.
D) Ariva.

Question 7

Non-nicotine based medications are those medications which

A) allow a controlled and less harmful relationship with nicotine than that associated with tobacco products.
B) influence the production, diffusion, and reuptake of neurotransmitters with the CNS.
C) prevent nicotine from reaching nicotine receptors in the brain.
D) influence nervous system receptors for nicotine to level out the peaks and valleys associated with smoking.

Question 8

You have decided to switch from cigarettes to cigars. Which of the following is TRUE?

A) You will not decrease your lung cancer risk.
B) You will escape the addictive effects of nicotine.
C) Your risk of developing throat cancer stays the same
D) You will end up smoking both; cigars don't substitute for cigarettes.

Question 9

Sam, a nonsmoker, has decided it would be cool to smoke cigars. If he begins a lifetime habit of cigar smoking, which of the following BEST describes the risk to his health?

A) He will run a risk of developing lung cancer similar to the risk faced by cigarette smokers.
B) He will run a risk of developing cancer of the mouth, throat, larynx, and esophagus, which is equal to that of smokers.
C) He will run a risk of mouth and throat cancers that is double the risk faced by cigarette smokers.
D) His risk of all cancers will be significantly lower than the risk faced by cigarette smokers, but the social . restrictions on his habit will be the same.

Question 10

A so-called chipper is a smoker who

A) does not develop a physical dependence on cigarettes.
B) successfully quits smoking on the first attempt.
C) regularly indulges in smoking binges.
D) smokes almost constantly.

Question 11

The dependency-producing substance found in cigarettes is

A) tar.
B) nicotine.
C) dopamine.
D) benzopyrene.

Question 12

Monica started smoking just to look sophisticated, but within months she found herself smoking every day. She now smokes two packs a day and wants to stop. The force driving her habit is

A) compulsion.
B) habituation.
C) indulgence.
D) addiction.

Question 13

One of the major theories about how nicotine produces a pleasant effect in the human body is that it

A) deprives brain cells of oxygen.
B) attaches to receptor sites for glucose.
C) changes to a form of morphine when it hits the bloodstream.
D) stimulates the release of naturally occurring opiate-like chemicals from the endocrine system.

Question 14

The main concept of the bolus theory of nicotine addiction is that

A) people smoke to keep the brain stimulated with batches of nicotine.
B) nicotine blocks pain receptors in the central nervous system.
C) nicotine stimulates the release of beta endorphins.
D) nicotine raises dopamine levels in the blood.

Question 15

According to the self-medication theory, which mood-enhancing substance is released during smoking?

A) adrenaline
B) dopamine
C) ACTH
D) norepinephrine

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of nicotine on the central nervous system? It

A) kills dendritic tissues.
B) slightly improves the transmission of nerve impulses.
C) stimulates the central nervous system in low levels and depresses it in higher levels.
D) suppresses natural substances that facilitate the replacement of myelin on axons.

Question 17

Some children become smokers because they see their parents smoking. This is called

A) modeling.
B) manipulation.
C) peer pressure.
D) subliminal advertising.

Question 18

Your fourteen-year-old son has been taught to avoid tobacco and its dangers. He then makes friends with a group of boys who all smoke. You can expect that

A) your son will try smoking.
B) some of the other boys will quit smoking.
C) your son will soon leave that group of friends.
D) your son will bring other nonsmokers into the circle of friends.

Question 19

A psychosocial incentive to smoke is the comfort smokers get from handling a cigarette, pipe, or cigar. This is called

A) modeling.
B) identification.
C) manipulation.
D) responsiveness.

Question 20

How do we know that a feeling of uncertainty, or dissonance, exists for most adults who smoke?

A) States are beginning to sue tobacco companies for wrongful deaths.
B) About 80 percent of smokers have tried to quit.
C) Smoking is now prohibited in most public places.
D) Most smokers began the habit as teenagers.

Question 21

Which of the following is FALSE regarding use of the hookah?

A) Prolonged periods of tobacco-based exposure generate nicotine levels 2.5 times higher than those associated with cigarette use.
B) Infectious agents are transmitted through shared use of mouthpieces.
C) The chemical composition of hookah-generated smoke is unlike cigarette smoke.
D) Tobacco leaves are combined with shisha and set atop lit charcoal.

Question 22

The most effective time to begin influencing a child NOT to smoke is

A) at preschool age.
B) at kindergarten age.
C) during grades one to three.
D) during grades four to six.

Question 23

As a parent of a fifth grader, which of the following recommendations should you attempt when trying to help your son or daughter deal with pressures to use tobacco?

A) Continue to point out the harmful substances in tobacco.
B) Reinforce the point that smoking is unacceptable behavior for him or her.
C) Allow your son or daughter to make his or her own decisions.
D) Continue to help your son or daughter learn how to say no.

Question 24

The cancer-causing substances in tobacco smoke are carried into the body by

A) the gases.
B) the particles.
C) the combustion process.
D) both the gases and the particles.

Question 25

Phenol, cresol, pyrene, and DDT are found in

A) nicotine.
B) tar.
C) carbon monoxide.
D) nitrogen oxide.

Question 26

Of all the gases released by tobacco smoke, the most harmful to smokers is

A) hydrogen cyanide.
B) carbon monoxide.
C) ammonia.
D) acetone.

Question 27

Carbon monoxide reduces the red blood cell's ability to transport oxygen by

A) thinning the blood.
B) displacing fluid in cells.
C) destroying oxygen molecules.
D) attaching itself to hemoglobin.

Question 28

If you are a heavy smoker, why is carbon monoxide a particular risk to your brain and heart?

A) It slows the activity of the lungs, on which the brain and heart are dependent.
B) It diverts blood from there to the lungs and lower abdominal organs.
C) Normal oxygen supply is especially critical to those organs.
D) It increases blood pressure during the inhalation phase.

Question 29

A lifetime, two-pack-a-day, smoking habit will shorten one's life by

A) two to three years.
B) seven to eight years.
C) ten to twelve years.
D) twelve to fifteen years.

Question 30

Nicotine promotes the development of cardiovascular disease primarily by

A) irritating the lining of blood vessels and increasing heart rate.
B) reducing the oxygen supply in blood and increasing blood pressure.
C) stimulating LDL cholesterol production and promoting clots.
D) increasing heart rate, increasing blood pressure, and promoting clots.

Question 31

Which of the following BEST describes the connection between cigarette smoking and cancer? Cigarette smoking

A) is the second-leading cause of all respiratory tract cancers.
B) is the second-leading cause of lung cancer.
C) causes most cancers in the United States.
D) is a significant risk factor in virtually all forms of cancer.

Question 32

The average cigarette smoker will develop cancer in 20 pack-years, which is a standard that represents

A) one pack a day for 20 years.
B) two packs a day for 20 years.
C) 20 packs smoked in 20 years.
D) 20 packs per year for a lifetime.

Question 33

Which of the following is FALSE regarding carbon monoxide? It

A) interferes with the oxygen transport within the circulatory system.
B) weakens the red blood cells.
C) has a relatively small impact on the cardiovascular system.
D) can cause hypoxia in fetuses.

Question 34

Lung cancer is usually fatal because

A) lung tissues are more vulnerable to cancer than any other body tissues.
B) a relatively small amount will destroy the respiratory system.
C) it is spread rapidly by the so-called smoker's cough.
D) it is usually detected at a late stage.

Question 35

After years of cigarette smoking, Hartwig has developed a "smoker's cough." This means

A) he has lung cancer.
B) the cilia in his lungs are doing their job.
C) his smoking has resulted in constant respiratory infections.
D) his body is attempting to remove excess mucus from his lungs.

Question 36

Which of the following BEST summarizes how smoking causes lung cancer to develop?

A) The carbon monoxide from tobacco smoke changes the character of blood cells, causing mutations at the site of oxygen exchange.
B) The smoke first overcomes the natural cleaning action of the lungs exposing the tissues to cancer-causing substances.
C) Tobacco smoke suppresses the immune system, causing harmful substances to invade lung tissues.
D) The smoke changes mucus on the lungs' surface to a poisonous compound.

Question 37

Chronic obstructive lung disease is a combination of

A) chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema.
B) pulmonary emphysema and lung cancer.
C) asthma and chronic bronchitis.
D) pneumonia and lung cancer.

Question 38

Chronic bronchitis is

A) a precancerous condition of the alveoli.
B) a viral infection brought on by the smoker's weakened immune system.
C) any destruction of lung tissue caused by smoking and manifested by a constant coughing.
D) a persistent inflammation and infection of the smaller airways in the lungs.

Question 39

A regular smoker in her forties has just been told by her doctor that she has chronic bronchitis. Frightened, she has decided to quit smoking. What are her chances for recovery? She

A) will no longer have frequent lung infections, but the destruction of lung tissue will slowly progress.
B) will recover some function but will never regain full health.
C) could recover completely.
D) will die of the disease.

Question 40

Which of the following is TRUE regarding chronic obstructive lung disease?

A) Fewer than five million Americans suffer from it.
B) Patients who have it tend to die an unpleasant, prolonged death.
C) The amount of airflow in and out of the lungs progressively increases.
D) It is made up of three separate but related diseases.

Question 41

Emphysema is

A) a permanent narrowing of the airways that limits the victim's ability to breathe.
B) any generalized infection of lung tissues that causes inflammation.
C) a disease caused by the destruction of alveoli in the lungs.
D) a cancerous condition of the bronchial tubes.

Question 42

Smoking affects men's fertility by

A) causing changes in sperm number, motility, and shape.
B) reducing the oxygen supply to reproductive tissues.
C) causing a thickening of cell walls inside the gonads.
D) depressing the central nervous system activities that bring about sexual arousal.

Question 43

Carbon monoxide is the least dangerous component of tobacco smoke.

Question 44

Cigarette smoke contains hundreds of cancer-causing chemicals.

Question 45

Cigarette smoking can deprive the brain of oxygen.

Question 46

Cigarette smoking more than doubles the risk of experiencing a heart attack.

Question 47

Smoking has been proven to cause cancer, but not cardiovascular disease.

Question 48

A smoker's body can absorb cancer-causing substances not only from smoke but also through the saliva.

Question 49

Smoking has a negative impact on fertility for both men and women.

Question 50

Smoking increases a pregnant woman's risk of having a miscarriage.

Question 51

Nursing children are protected from ingesting nicotine from breast milk.

Question 52

A newborn baby's risk of sudden infant death syndrome increases if the mother is a smoker.

Question 53

Smokers can eliminate their nicotine intake by switching to smokeless tobacco.

Question 54

Women who smoke and use oral contraceptives are at high risk for stroke.

Question 55

Research indicates that the use of smokeless tobacco is safer than smoking cigarettes.

Question 56

The use of smokeless tobacco can damage the teeth and gums.

Question 57

Sidestream smoke is more toxic than mainstream smoke.

Question 58

Tobacco smoke that stays within a common source of air is known as environmental smoke.

Question 59

Briefly describe the theories of nicotine addiction.

Question 60

Explain how smoking distributes carbon monoxide in a smoker's system.

Question 61

Explain the influence of nicotine and the development of cardiovascular disease.

Question 62

Describe chronic obstructive lung disease.

Question 63

Describe the risks of passive smoking.