Deck 6: Crime and Criminal Justice

Question 1

In Florida, it is illegal to sell alcohol before 1 p.m. on Sunday. This is an example of __________.

A) a criminal enterprise
B) a "dumb law"
C) restitution
D) retribution

Answer 1

a "dumb law"

Question 2

Which of the following was once deemed criminal in China but is not anymore?

A) consuming pork
B) making a profit
C) birth control
D) running a business

Answer 2

making a profit

Question 3

Determining which behavior is criminal is a __________.

A) self-fulfilling prophecy
B) value
C) diversion
D) political process

Answer 3

political process

Question 4

Because laws differ from one society to another, so does crime. This means that crime is __________.

A) culturally relative
B) uniform
C) a Ponzi scheme
D) diversionary

Question 5

When asked what she wants to be when she grows up, Marquita says that she wants to be a lawmaker who determines what is legal and what is criminal. As such, Marquita wants to be involved in the __________.

A) self-fulfilling prophecy
B) recidivism rate
C) a Ponzi scheme
D) political process

Question 6

Despite opposition, the Supreme Court made abortion legal in the United States. This illustrates the court's __________.

A) deterrence
B) retribution
C) power
D) incapacitation

Question 7

Which of the following is true regarding concern over victimization?

A) Women are more concerned about becoming a crime victim than men.
B) Men are more concerned about becoming a crime victim than women.
C) Women and men are equally concerned about becoming a crime victim.
D) It is impossible to gather data about potential victim concerns.

Question 8

Ray is a detective, his brother is a lawyer, and his father is a warden at the state penitentiary. All of these men are a part of the __________.

A) political system
B) criminal justice system
C) illegitimate opportunity structure
D) Cosa Nostra

Question 9

Grace is graduating from college and she has been offered two jobs: one in San Diego and another in San Francisco. Grace will consider the number of crimes occurring per 100,000 people in each city to determine which job she will take. Grace is using the __________.

A) crime rate
B) illegitimate opportunity structure
C) incapacitation rate
D) juvenile delinquency rate

Question 10

Chambliss's research on the saints and the roughnecks is an example of __________.

A) conflict theory
B) illegitimate opportunity structure
C) labeling
D) criminal enterprise

Question 11

Officer McFriendly pulled Meredith over for speeding. Meredith cried a little and flirted a lot, and Officer McFriendly let her go with a warning. This is an example of __________.

A) plea bargaining
B) recidivism
C) uniform sentencing
D) police discretion

Question 12

Ophelia is conducting research on how police officers are more likely to stop drivers who fit a certain profile. Ophelia's research is in line with __________.

A) functionalism
B) symbolic interactionism
C) conflict theory
D) exchange theory

Question 13

Bernie Madoff was one of the most notorious white-collar criminals. He ran a(n) __________.

A) Ponzi scheme
B) Cosa Nostra Act
C) Sarbanes-Oxley Act
D) insider trading scheme

Question 14

__________ was involved in insider trading and served time in a "country club prison."

A) Martha Stewart
B) Julia Child
C) Sam Smith
D) Buckley O'Reilly

Question 15

Robbery, burglary, drug dealing, prostitution, pimping, gambling, and other activities that are woven into the texture of life in urban setting are a part of the __________.

A) Sarbanes-Oxley Act
B) illegitimate opportunity structure
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) criminal enterprise

Question 16

__________ consider crime a natural part of a healthy society.

A) Functionalists
B) Symbolic interactionists
C) Conflict theorists
D) Psychologists

Question 17

Penny wants to buy a house. She works two jobs and saves her money and after three years, she purchases her first home. Penny is a(n) __________.

A) innovator
B) retreatist
C) ritualist
D) conformist

Question 18

Marsha wants to purchase a car, so she sells drugs to earn cash. Marsha is a(n) __________.

A) innovator
B) retreatist
C) ritualist
D) conformist

Question 19

Constance has been taking classes at a college for the last seven years. She is not pursuing any degree, just going through the motions of being a student. Constance is a(n) __________.

A) innovator
B) retreatist
C) ritualist
D) conformist

Question 20

Wendell is addicted to drugs and has rejected society's means and goals. Wendell is a __________.

A) rebel
B) retreatist
C) ritualist
D) conformist

Question 21

Jamaal wants to be an all-around hustler when he grows up. He plans to engage in robbery, burglary, drug dealing, as well as pimping. The chance for Jamaal to pursue this career path is readily available in the urban area in which he resides. This chance is a part of the __________.

A) Sarbanes-Oxley Act
B) illegitimate opportunity structure
C) self-fulfilling prophecy
D) criminal enterprise

Question 22

Ralph is a construction worker. He is typically unemployed for five months out of each year. As such, Ralph is a part of the __________.

A) stable working class
B) marginal working class
C) upper-level manager
D) contingency class

Question 23

__________ emphasize that justice is not always fairly administered because the law is controlled by the ruling class.

A) Differential theorists
B) Functionalists
C) Symbolic interactionists
D) Conflict theorists

Question 24

The younger a juvenile is when first charged with a violent crime, __________.

A) the less likely it is that he or she will be charged with subsequent violent crimes
B) the more likely it is that he or she will be charged with subsequent violent crimes
C) the less likely it is that he or she will drop out of school
D) has no effect on his or her likelihood to be charged with subsequent violent crimes

Question 25

Which of the following is true regarding rearrest among juvenile delinquents?

A) Girls are more likely than boys to be rearrested.
B) Girls are less likely than boys to be rearrested.
C) Girls and boys are equally likely to be rearrested.
D) There are no statistics kept about juvenile offenders.

Question 26

Thirteen-year-old Saeed stole his neighbor's automobile. This is an example of __________.

A) juvenile deterrence
B) juvenile delinquency
C) juvenile diversion
D) juvenile discretion

Question 27

In the United States, it is not illegal to drink alcohol, but it is illegal for minors to drink alcohol. So, when 16-year-old Mina was caught drinking, she was guilty of a __________.

A) status crime
B) criminal enterprise
C) diversion
D) property crime

Question 28

Bay Bay's father was a pimp and his mother was a prostitute. As such, Bay Bay grew up in an environment where prostitution, drug use, robbery, assault, and rape were seen as a normal part of life. This reflects __________.

A) the Cosa Nostra
B) organized crime
C) a delinquent subculture
D) a Ponzi scheme

Question 29

Brittany works in the cashier's office on campus. She steals money from her job and thinks that she deserves the stolen money because she has not received a raise in two years. This illustrates a(n)__________.

A) technique of neutralization
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) criminal enterprise
D) organized crime

Question 30

Corporations can produce a culture that is __________.

A) restorative
B) criminogenic
C) conformist
D) deterrent

Question 31

Rashida is an accountant. She has been skimming money off of the payroll for the past seven years. This is an example of a(n) __________.

A) organized crime
B) white-collar crime
C) status offense
D) property crime

Question 32

Professional and organized crime involves __________.

A) violence
B) a middle-class background
C) pride in specialized skills
D) access to resources

Question 33

Amir is a jewel thief who prides himself on his skill and his success. As such, Amir is a(n) __________.

A) juvenile criminal
B) white-collar criminal
C) organized criminal
D) professional criminal

Question 34

The most famous organized crime group, which originated in Sicily, is called __________.

A) the Mafia
B) criminal enterprise
C) Ponzi scheme
D) Sarbanes-Oxley

Question 35

Which group dominates organized crime today?

A) Italians
B) Puerto Ricans
C) Russians
D) No group dominates

Question 36

Maria knows that her family is part of the Mafia, but she has to uphold __________.

A) fictive kinship
B) endogamy
C) a Ponzi scheme
D) omertá

Question 37

Although he is not legally related to him, Tony is Nunzio's godfather. This relationship, which unites two families, is an example of __________.

A) fictive kinship
B) village endogamy
C) a Ponzi scheme
D) omertá

Question 38

The percentage of former prisoners who are rearrested is called the __________.

A) crime rate
B) recidivism rate
C) restitution rate
D) retribution rate

Question 39

The jury sentenced Gary Heidnick to be executed for the kidnapping, torture, and murder of 17 women. This is an example of __________.

A) capital punishment
B) deterrence
C) retribution
D) diversion

Question 40

Even though Tyrone is innocent of the murder charges launched against him, his defense attorney is encouraging him to plead guilty for a lesser charge of manslaughter. The defense attorney is encouraging __________.

A) uniform sentencing
B) restitution
C) a plea bargain
D) retribution

Question 41

__________ requires offenders to compensate their victims for harm created. This is a form of retribution.

A) Rehabilitation
B) Restitution
C) Deterrence
D) Diversion

Question 42

Uniform sentencing is a form of __________.

A) retribution
B) restitution
C) deterrence
D) diversion

Question 43

__________ aims to create fear by letting potential offenders know that they will be punished if they commit a crime.

A) Retribution
B) Restitution
C) Deterrence
D) Diversion

Question 44

Jill recently took a job outside the home. This __________.

A) increases her chances of committing a crime
B) decreases her chances of committing a crime
C) has no effect on her chances of committing a crime
D) will set a good example to deter future criminals

Question 45

How does Chambliss' study on the saints and the roughnecks explain the idea of labeling? What is another example of a label commonly used for people engaged in acts of deviance? What does that label convey?

Question 46

Discuss strain theory. Explain the five responses to cultural goals and give examples of each.

Question 47

Discuss Zimbardo's study. Explain what it tells us about social interactions in prison and the problems that it raised in the scientific community.

Question 48

Explain the ways in which the criminal justice system acts to hinder justice.

Question 49

Compare and contrast the four different policies toward criminals. Which of them do you think is the most effective? In what circumstances are the different policies likely to be effective?