Deck 8: Social Influence

Question 1

_______________ refers to changing behaviour in response to a direct request (but not by an authority figure).

A) Attention
B) Compliance
C) Conformity
D) Obedience

Answer 1

Compliance

Question 2

Rick's boss walks in and tells him to call Ms. Henry in accounting. Rick does so immediately. Rick is

A) being obedient.
B) going against social norms.
C) conforming.
D) All of these.

Answer 2

being obedient.

Question 3

On most university campuses, drinking before the age of 18 is a(n) _____________ norm.

A) obedient
B) pluralistic
C) conforming
D) descriptive

Answer 3

descriptive

Question 4

Jenny's friend, Susan, went home sick with stomach flu. Now Jenny also feels nauseated and thinks that she might have stomach flu too. It is likely that Jenny is not really sick but has

A) "white coat syndrome."
B) "pluralistic ignorance."
C) "medical students' disease."
D) "intern's anxiety."

Question 5

When people enter a new environment, how are they most likely to acquire social norms?

A) They bring in social norms from other environments.
B) Their social norms evolve from personal standards and experience.
C) They look to their peers as models for behaviour and attitudes.
D) They look to established group members as models for behaviour and attitudes.

Question 6

The author suggests that no one raising their hands in response to a professor's question, "Does anyone have a question?" is a prime example of

A) injunctive norms.
B) obedience.
C) pluralistic ignorance.
D) All of these.

Question 7

The author noted that pluralistic ignorance can interfere with the formation of a romantic relationship because

A) each person holds back from fear of being rejected but assumes that the other person is not interested in a relationship.
B) one person is interested in a relationship but the other person is not interested.
C) nobody wants to date an ignorant person.
D) people make the fundamental attribution error when meeting someone for the first time.

Question 8

It has been found that men who believe that other men believe in rape myths are

A) more likely to behave sexually aggressively.
B) less likely to hang out socially with other men.
C) less likely to behave sexually aggressively.
D) Both a and b.

Question 9

Which of the following was not found in Sanderson et al.'s (2002) work on the thinness norm?

A) Women believe that other women exercise more than they do.
B) Women who don't believe that they meet the thinness norm are more likely to experience eating disorders.
C) Women believed that they themselves desired a smaller body than other women did.
D) Women thought that other women weighed less.

Question 10

In classic research using the case of Johnny Rocco (Schachter, 1951), which confederate was liked the least?

A) The "mode"
B) The "deviate"
C) The "slider"
D) The "ambivalent"

Question 11

In research on how a comedian's jokes affected conformity, Janes & Olson (2000) found that the group that conformed the most were those who had watched a comedian telling jokes

A) that were directed at no one.
B) that were directed at himself.
C) that were directed at others.
D) All of these groups were equally likely to conform.

Question 12

When he entered the elevator, Giorgio moved to the corner and stood facing the corner with his back to the door. Giorgio is violating

A) comparison rules.
B) social norms.
C) community rules.
D) societal guidelines.

Question 13

Defining personal space is an example of

A) social norms.
B) community rules.
C) societal guidelines.
D) social comparison.

Question 14

The man entered the elevator wearing a hat but when several other men entered with hats off, held in their hand, the first man removed his hat as well; exhibiting

A) obedience.
B) social norms.
C) conformity.
D) compliance.

Question 15

On the first day of class, there were only one or two students who brought coffee to class. By the end of the second week, almost everyone had some type of drink in class. The class exhibited

A) social norms.
B) conformity.
C) compliance.
D) obedience.

Question 16

Looking around the waiting room, you join everyone else by taking a seat, demonstrating

A) normative behaviour.
B) conformity.
C) compliance.
D) obedience.

Question 17

After the clerk asked everyone to move to the back of the store, everyone did. This is an example of

A) social norms.
B) conformity.
C) compliance.
D) obedience.

Question 18

If you sit in response to an invitation from a peer, your behaviour is an example of

A) social norms.
B) compliance.
C) conformity.
D) obedience.

Question 19

If your boss tells you to stay late to finish a task and you do it, your behaviour is an example of

A) social norms.
B) compliance.
C) conformity.
D) obedience.

Question 20

Behaviour that occurs in response to a command from an authority figure is identified as

A) social norms.
B) conformity.
C) compliance.
D) obedience.

Question 21

When Grade 1 students sit in response to the teacher's request, they are demonstrating

A) social norms.
B) compliance.
C) conformity.
D) obedience.

Question 22

Norms that describe how people behave in a given situation are

A) descriptive norms.
B) receptive norms.
C) declarative norms.
D) injunctive norms.

Question 23

Sonja discovered that many students went out to parties on Thursday nights; an example of a(n)

A) declarative norm.
B) injunctive norm.
C) descriptive norm.
D) receptive norm.

Question 24

Norms that describe what people ought to do in a given situation are

A) descriptive norms.
B) receptive norms.
C) declarative norms.
D) injunctive norms.

Question 25

Having a designated driver when a group of friends are club-hopping, something they should do, is an example of a(n)

A) declarative norm.
B) injunctive norm.
C) descriptive norm.
D) receptive norm.

Question 26

Individuals reject a group norm, mistakenly believing that everyone else accepts the norm; a misperception known as

A) social ignorance.
B) pluralistic ignorance.
C) pluralistic cognition.
D) social miscue.

Question 27

Andy does not ask for clarification during a confusing lecture because he assumes that everyone else understands the material. This misperception is known as

A) social miscue.
B) social ignorance.
C) pluralistic ignorance.
D) pluralistic cognition.

Question 28

Even though Nathan disagreed with the position of the commentator, he believed that view reflected what most others believed, a misperception known as

A) pluralistic cognition.
B) social miscue.
C) social ignorance.
D) pluralistic ignorance.

Question 29

Norm-based education campaigns, such as those to reduce rates of binge drinking on university campuses, effectively change behaviour by

A) explaining social norms.
B) explicitly asking people to follow the established norms.
C) clarifying the actual behaviour of peers.
D) presenting an advocacy message that challenges the norms.

Question 30

Sanderson and colleagues (2002) conducted research with university women on campus regarding thinness norms. Which of the following was not a finding from the research?

A) Women thought that other women weighed less and exercised more.
B) Women thought that other women desired a smaller body than they themselves do.
C) Women thought that while they exercised more, other women weighed less than they did.
D) Women who thought they didn't meet the social norm of thinness were more likely to exhibit symptoms of eating disorders.

Question 31

Although Lucy was surprised that her friends had shoplifted and she worried about getting caught, Lucy decided to go along with the group and shoplift as well; an example of

A) the power of social norms.
B) the desire to experience negative consequences.
C) base rate fallacy.
D) the importance of attitudes.

Question 32

Kyle believes that most students on his campus drink excessively when they go out on a Thursday night, which influences his own drinking. This is an example of

A) base rate fallacy.
B) errors in perceiving social norms.
C) social ignorance.
D) the importance of attitudes.

Question 33

In the 1990's, many women wanted to have a haircut like Jennifer Aniston from the "Friends" television series. This is an example of being influenced by _____________ ______________.

Question 34

Unspoken but shared rules of conduct in a formal or informal group are known as ______ _______.

Question 35

The tendency to change our perceptions, opinions, or behaviours in ways that are consistent with perceived group norms is known as ___________.

Question 36

Changes in behaviour caused by a direct request are known as ___________.

Question 37

A change in behaviour that is produced by the commands of authority is known as _______.

Question 38

Norms that describe how people behave in a given situation are known as _______ norms.

Question 39

Norms that describe what people ought to do in a given situation are known as _______ norms.

Question 40

The norm misperception that occurs when each individual in the group privately rejects the group's norms, but believes that others accept these norms is known as _______ _______.

Question 41

Even though Olaf found the joke offensive, he joined his friends in laughing at the comedian; an example of

A) public influence.
B) private influence.
C) normative influence.
D) informational influence.

Question 42

A person may conform when they believe that others in the group are correct and they want to be right; an example of

A) informational influence.
B) public influence.
C) private influence.
D) normative influence.

Question 43

When an interviewer asks four people to name various world capitals, Heiko reports the same answers as the others; an example of

A) public influence.
B) private influence.
C) normative influence.
D) informational influence.

Question 44

Conformity produced when a person is fearful of negative social consequences by appearing deviant is known as

A) informational influence.
B) public influence.
C) private influence.
D) normative influence.

Question 45

When people change their original view and conform to the view of others, they are demonstrating

A) public conformity.
B) public information.
C) private conformity.
D) private information.

Question 46

When people's overt behaviours are in line with the group norms, they are demonstrating

A) public conformity.
B) public information.
C) private conformity.
D) private information.

Question 47

Even though Giselle knew the answer given by the others was incorrect, when asked, she gave the same answer that the others had given; an example of

A) private information.
B) private conformity.
C) public information.
D) public conformity.

Question 48

Francisco didn't remember that the man he saw on the side of the road had a moustache, but when everyone else mentioned the moustache, Francisco did too. This is an example of

A) public information.
B) public conformity.
C) private information.
D) private conformity.

Question 49

When people rethink their original views to conform to group norms, it is referred to as

A) normative conformity.
B) private obedience.
C) thoughtful recollection.
D) private conformity.

Question 50

When a person fears the ______________ social consequences of not conforming, they give into ______________ influence.

A) positive; informational
B) negative; informational
C) negative; normative
D) positive; normative

Question 51

Asch's famous "line length" study researched what concept?

A) conformity
B) injunctive norms
C) obedience
D) compliance

Question 52

In Asch's study, _________ of participants gave the wrong answer at least half the time.

A) 15%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 80%

Question 53

What can be concluded about the relationship between suicides and publicity?

A) The wider the publicity, the greater the increase in suicides.
B) Suicides increase only in the area where they are publicized.
C) Suicide imitation is particularly common among adolescents.
D) All of these.

Question 54

What group is most likely to show the strongest conformity effects?

A) A group of 3
B) A group of 5
C) A group of 20
D) A group of 50

Question 55

Group size is an important factor on conformity, especially when the influence is

A) normative.
B) informational.
C) pluralistic.
D) social.

Question 56

In Asch's classic "line length" study, when was the conformity effect reduced?

A) Some of the participants were women.
B) The group size was increased to 4 people.
C) The participant was alone in taking a "deviant" position.
D) The participant's position was supported by another person in the group.

Question 57

If you want to increase conformity, the ideal group size should be you and

A) 1 other person.
B) 2 other people.
C) 3 other people.
D) increasing group size has no effect.

Question 58

Nikko did not agree with her work group, but she didn't offer her differing perspective; an example of

A) social comparison.
B) social impact.
C) attribution theory.
D) normative comparison.

Question 59

According to your textbook, all of the following are factors that increase conformity, except

A) group size.
B) how close the group is to you.
C) powerful and/or vocal group members.
D) ethnicity of the group.

Question 60

Women are more likely to conform, compared to men, in all of the following situations, except

A) unfamiliar situations.
B) public settings.
C) in single gender groups.
D) when the influencer is face-to-face with them.

Question 61

When looking at the impact of motivation and level of task difficulty on conformity, all of the following scenarios emerged, except

A) High motivation and difficulty task = high conformity.
B) High motivation and easy task = low conformity.
C) Low motivation and easy task = low conformity.
D) Low motivation and difficult task - average conformity.

Question 62

Even though the group felt that they had reached a decision, Ursula was able to present a clear, consistent, and logical opposing perspective. Eventually, the group agreed with Ursula; an example of

A) normative influence.
B) minority influence.
C) receptive influence.
D) expressive influence.

Question 63

When a small number of people in a group lead to an overall change in a group's behaviour, it is known as

A) receptive influence.
B) normative influence.
C) minority influence.
D) private influence.

Question 64

All of the following are likely to be effective in minority influence, EXCEPT

A) Clark, who provides a consistent view.
B) Brent, who is a member of a large group.
C) Brenda, who is well-known and respected by the group.
D) Marty, who provides an unwavering view.

Question 65

The biggest predictor of conformity is whether a person must stand alone, also known as taking the

A) lone wolf.
B) deviance compliance position.
C) lone deviant position.
D) lone compliance position.

Question 66

According to research on demographic variables and their influence on conformity, which group is more likely to conform?

A) adolescents.
B) children.
C) men.
D) older adults.

Question 67

In research that examined the strength of conformity to reduce littering, research participants in a cluttered parking lot saw another person either litter or pick up some litter. Upon arriving at their car, participants found a flyer in their windshield. Which of the following is not a finding from the research?

A) Those who saw the person litter were more likely to litter as well.
B) Those who saw the person pick up the litter, were less likely to litter.
C) When participants neither saw a person litter or pick up litter, they were likely to litter.
D) Those who saw the person litter were less likely to litter themselves.

Question 68

Georgie really didn't care who won the baseball World Series so as the group discussed their favourites, she had little input, but when the conversation turned to health care reform, a topic she was very passionate about, Georgie stood her ground on her beliefs even though they opposed some of her friends. This is an example of what influence on conformity?

A) minority influence
B) normative influence
C) informational influence
D) motivation

Question 69

At the beginning of the meeting it seemed that the group had pretty much reached consensus about the frequency of their meetings. However, after Brittany voiced her opinion the group started to question their original thoughts and eventually Brittany's suggestion was accepted. This is an example of what influence on conformity?

A) minority influence
B) normative influence
C) informational influence
D) motivation

Question 70

Which of the following statements regarding gender and conformity is false?

A) People with more masculine gender roles (regardless of gender) conform less than people with more feminine gender roles.
B) Men conform more than women in public situations than in private situations.
C) Women are particularly likely to conform in face-to-face situations.
D) Women tend to show higher rates of conformity than men.

Question 71

On easy tasks, people are less likely to conform than on harder tasks. This refers to the factor called

A) demographic variables.
B) deviation likelihood.
C) task importance.
D) group size.

Question 72

In Baron et al.'s (1996) study of conformity on lineups, when did conformity occur the MOST?

A) when the task was low importance and low difficulty
B) when the task was low importance and high difficulty
C) when the task was high importance and low difficulty
D) when the task was high importance and high difficulty

Question 73

What can be concluded about minority influence?

A) It never occurs.
B) It occurs less frequently than majority influence, but it does occur.
C) It occurs more frequently than majority influence.
D) It has not yet been studied.

Question 74

What factor is most important for minority members in a group to change a group's attitude or behaviour?

A) consistency of the minority's position
B) intelligent arguments by the minority group members
C) attractiveness of the minority group members
D) emotional appeals by the minority group members

Question 75

What can we conclude about conformity?

A) It is always a negative influence.
B) It can sometimes lead to positive outcomes.
C) It is always a positive influence.
D) It is a better influence than obedience.

Question 76

As the group size increases above 10; the frequency of conformity increases proportionally.

Question 77

Conformity is drastically reduced if your position is the only one deviant from the position of the group.

Question 78

Conformity is highest among adolescents.

Question 79

Men are more likely to conform compared to women.

Question 80

The influence that produces conformity when a person fears the negative social consequences of appearing deviant is known as _______ influence.