Deck 3: Racism in Canadian History

Question 1

According to conflict theory, the capitalist class exploits racial and ethnic strife to produce a ________.

A) Split labour market
B) Dual labour market
C) Secondary labour market
D) Reserve labour market
E) Conflict theory does not concern itself with ethnic or racial tensions in society

Answer 1

Split labour market

Question 2

The pattern of interaction of ethnic groups that Canada promotes is

A) Pluralism
B) Assimilation
C) Colonialism
D) Segregation
E) Cultural alienation

Answer 2

Pluralism

Question 3

In Canada, anyone who is not Aboriginal, Caucasian, or white is designated as

A) A member of the dominant group
B) A member of a counter-culture
C) An immigrant
D) A visible minority
E) A special interest group

Answer 3

A visible minority

Question 4

In Chapter 3, we learned that Chinese males were prohibited from hiring 'White' women as a source of labour. This is an example of:

A) Individual prejudice
B) Institutional racism
C) Aversive racism
D) Systemic racism
E) Cultural racism

Question 5

In the period prior to the 1960s, Canada's immigration policies were overtly discriminatory and exclusionary. However, in 1967, the government began to place emphasis on education and professional skills rather than ethnicity or race. What system was introduced to make the immigration process seem more objective?

A) Anti-Bias system
B) Points system
C) Human Capital system
D) Quota system
E) System of Fair and Ethical Practices

Question 6

Changes to Canada's Immigration policies were made in the 1960s. Which of the following is no longer considered under the current 'point system' which assesses new applications?

A) Educational background
B) Vocational/employment skills
C) Family reunification
D) Colour
E) Health

Question 7

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE of immigrants into Canada?

A) Some immigrants are less successful than others in Canada.
B) Canada needs immigration in order to continue benefiting from its renewed prosperity.
C) Immigrants create more jobs than they fill.
D) Faced with unemployment and discrimination, up to 20 percent of some groups have returned to their native countries.
E) Canada's fertility rate is sufficient to keep the population at its present level.

Question 8

Some Canadians feel that immigrants are a drain on the country's economy, however, statistics have shown that:

A) Immigrants are more likely to be unemployed/underemployed and put a heavy burden on social services in Canada, like health care and welfare compared to Canadian born labourers
B) Only new immigrants from Asia and Eastern Europe are unable to compete in the Canadian labour market because of language barriers
C) Since 1971, immigrants have paid more in taxes than they have used in services
D) Immigrant rates of criminality are significantly higher than those of Canadian born peoples
E) Only immigrants from Western Europe, Africa, and Asia fall into this category

Question 9

Which statement is TRUE as it relates to the Canadian labour market?

A) The Canadian government has recently eliminated all barriers pertaining to Canadian work experience qualifications
B) The skills of immigrants in Canada are under-utilized
C) Even though they hold lower levels of education, Canadian-born Blacks, South Asians and Chinese are over-represented in academics, middle management, and retail sales professions
D) Foreign-born 'visible minorities' with university degree make approx. 10% more than their Canadian-born counterparts in the fields of medicine, sports, and engineering
E) All of the above

Question 10

There is a job currently available for a senior management position within the TD Bank. Which of the following practice(s) generally excludes 'visible minorities' from the hiring process?

A) Low rates of university attainment
B) Failing to adopt Canadian norms and values
C) Poor applications
D) Word of mouth recruitment
E) Poor credit ratings

Question 11

Many cab drivers in the city of Toronto hold a Masters or PhD degree from their home countries, but they are oftentimes not 'accredited'. This is an example of

A) Discourse of equal opportunity
B) Cultural racism
C) Hidden curriculum
D) Systemic racism
E) Institutional racism

Question 12

Black Loyalists arrived in Canada after being emancipated in American colonies for helping the British. They entered this country as 'free' persons. Which statement best describes how they were treated in Canada?

A) Canada's early commitment to racial equality, human rights, and social justice ensured they were given the same opportunities as their white counterparts
B) They were treated badly at first, but were given equal rights once they assimilated into 'white society'
C) They were extremely antagonistic and condescending towards their white neighbours and this hostility led to the first race riot in Ontario, 1888
D) The discrimination and exploitation they experienced in almost every aspect of their lives helped them realize that Canada was an inhospitable environment for minority groups
E) They were loved by whites because of their loyalty to the Queen (British), but were despised by First Nations people because of the privileges they enjoyed

Question 13

Chinese workers were recruited and brought to Canada to provide labour in various industries. Name the type of job that Chinese workers DID NOT do.

A) Laying track for the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) in British Columbia
B) Work in coal mines and mills
C) Building bridges and roads
D) Selling government bonds during WWI
E) Fishing

Question 14

During World War I, which group suffered under conditions of virtual apartheid for several years in Canada?

A) Japanese-Canadians
B) African-Canadians
C) Irish-Canadians
D) Italian-Canadians
E) South Asian-Canadians

Question 15

The head tax was established on all Chinese males arriving in Canada towards the end of the 19^th century. The tax was set at $50 in 1888, but had increased to what amount by 1903?

A) $75
B) $100
C) $250
D) $500
E) $1000

Question 16

One of the many restrictive immigration policies imposed on racial minorities by the Canadian state includes ______________.

A) The White Skin Colour Test
B) The Continuous Passage Act
C) The Anti-Coloured Immigration Decree
D) The European-Only Clause
E) The Preferred Countries List of Acceptable Immigrants

Question 17

According to the text, the changes incorporated into the 1978 Immigration Act were a result of several factors. Identify the factor that perhaps had the greatest influence bringing about change.

A) Internal pressures from mobilized and politicized minority groups
B) Humanitarian concerns
C) International pressures
D) Economic needs
E) Political expediency

Question 18

Despite changes to Canada's Immigration Act that appeared to make the process more objective in terms of successful applicants, many scholars believe that discrimination did not totally disappear from immigration policies. For example, ____________________.

A) Visa offices were unevenly distributed in developing countries and were often under-resourced.
B) Immigration officials continued to send back individuals considered to be 'unsuitable' once they arrived in Canadian airports.
C) Immigration officers who were from racialized backgrounds began to engage in reverse racism by denying entry to immigrants from European countries, like Britain and Scotland.
D) The Canadian government secretly recruited potential applicants from Eastern Europe countries, granted them full Canadian citizenship, and then flew them to cities like Vancouver and Calgary as a way of 'keeping the country white'.
E) The point system gave preference to minorities who were willing to give up their identities and culture once they arrived to Canada.

Question 19

In 1955, Canada's Domestic Workers program was established to deal with the chronic shortage of Canadian workers prepared to accept low wages and undesirable working environments. Initially, the government targeted individuals from which country?

A) Afro-Caribbean women
B) Filipino men
C) Australian women
D) Men and women from Afghanistan
E) Women from First Nations communities

Question 20

Migrant farmers who are recruited to plant and harvest fruit and vegetables, primarily in Southern Ontario work under exploitative and substandard conditions. However, many of them return year after year because

A) They signed 10-year legal contracts with Canadian farmers and if the individual who signed the contract does not return, they must send a family member to do the work
B) Individuals earn valuable Canadian currency which is used to support their families back home
C) Many of them have married Canadian women and have actually moved into houses that are situated on the farm itself
D) They are one day hoping to run away from the farms with their family and apply for Canadian citizenship as refugees
E) They don't know they are being exploited

Question 21

Today, Canada's population is very diverse with over 200 ethnic groups. According to recent census data, this group now accounts for Canada's largest visible minority population.

A) Aboriginals
B) South Asians
C) African-Canadians
D) Eastern Europeans
E) Chinese

Question 22

According to recent statistics, hate crimes in Canada have

A) Been Increasing
B) Been Decreasing
C) Remained the same
D) Only been directed against non-white groups
E) Made it easier for the courts to prosecute offenders

Question 23

Federal employment equity legislation identified four target groups. Name the group that is not included.

A) Aboriginals
B) Persons with disabilities
C) Women
D) People of colour
E) Unskilled European labourers

Question 24

Organized racist groups on the internet are best explained as

A) Lunatics existing on the fringes of society
B) Manifestations of a more deep-seated intolerance in Canada
C) Minimal in numbers and influence
D) Being part of a larger, international conspiracy against certain groups
E) A figment of your imagination
True & False Questions:

Question 25

In North America, membership in neo-Nazi or white supremacist organizations has been on the decline in recent years.

Question 26

South Asian Canadians are comprised of people who were born in the Indian subcontinent only.

Question 27

In 1988, Japanese Canadians were given a measure of justice when they received $20,000 as compensation for their internment.

Question 28

Racism in Canadian history is a contemporary phenomenon.

Question 29

Racial segregation was widely practiced in Canadian society in schools, restaurants, housing, theatres, and recreational facilities.

Question 30

Chinese Canadians were one of the first ethnic groups allowed to vote in Canada, as early as 1875.

Question 31

Canadians of African, Chinese, Japanese, and East Indian ancestry were prohibited from fighting for their country until quite recently in the Vietnam War.