Deck 12: Vocational Interests

Question 1

Most affective instruments are neither as objective nor as reliable as cognitive tests.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Cognitive tests assess typical performance, whereas affective instruments assess maximum performance.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Interest inventories have traditionally been used for occupational and vocational counseling rather than employee selection and placement.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Interest inventories are standardized measures of expressed and tested interests.

Question 5

Social learning theorists view interests as the results of reinforcement and modeling or imitation.

Question 6

Research has shown that parental behavior is more influential than heredity in shaping children?s interests.

Question 7

The relationship between heredity and interests may be explained by the fact that abilities, temperament, and physical structure play a role in determining interests.

Question 8

High scores on an interest inventory are more predictive of what an individual will do than low scores are predictive of what he or she will not do.

Question 9

Low scores on interests inventories tend to be more predictive of the activities in which a person does not engage than high scores are predictive of the activities in which he or she does engage.

Question 10

Children's interests are not very stable, but scores on interest inventories administered to adults are fairly reliable.

Question 11

The response sets of acquiescence and social desirability are particularly troublesome on forced-choice inventories.

Question 12

The forced-choice technique is designed to minimize the response sets of acquiescence and social desirability.

Question 13

Studies have shown that although interest inventories can be faked, they are not usually faked.

Question 14

Faking is a serious problem on interest inventories.

Question 15

The development of interest inventories for use in counseling people who are planning to enter nonprofessional occupations began shortly after World War I.

Question 16

Research findings suggest that heredity is an important factor in determining interests.

Question 17

Scores on interest inventories are less predictive of the occupational choices of middle-class people than of working-class and upper-class people.

Question 18

Inventoried interests are sufficiently stable to be used for vocational counseling of older adolescents and adults.

Question 19

The Strong Interest Inventory is scored on basic interest scales and occupational scales.

Question 20

The correlations between scores on comparable scales of the Strong and Kuder inventories are as high as the test-retest reliability coefficients of the scales.

Question 21

A fixed-response format of the items on an interest inventory results in ipsative rather than normative scores.

Question 22

Longitudinal studies of the Kuder inventories indicate significant validity for these instruments.

Question 23

As indicated by their correlations, the Strong Interest Inventory and the Kuder Occupational Interest Survey are essentially equivalent forms of the same test.

Question 24

The Strong Interest Inventory and the Kuder inventories are not the most popular interest inventories, but they are the most carefully designed.

Question 25

The Strong Interest Inventory is not a very reliable measure of vocational interests.

Question 26

All of the Kuder interest inventories employ a forced-choice item format.

Question 27

The Career Assessment Inventory is a parallel form of the Strong Interest Inventory.

Question 28

A well-designed interest inventory administered in the elementary grades has fairly high validity for predicting later occupational success.

Question 29

Interests and abilities are personality characteristics.

Question 30

Because interests are highly unstable before high school, it is useless to attempt to design interest inventories for children in elementary or junior-high school.

Question 31

People who cope effectively with their vocational problems tend to be highly consistent and differentiated in their patterns of interests.

Question 32

Anne Roe differentiated between "person oriented" and "non -person oriented" interests.

Question 33

The theories of Anne Roe and J. L. Holland are concerned with the relationships of interests to personality characteristics.

Question 34

The six RIASEC themes are concerned with the relationships between interests and abilities.

Question 35

The Vocational Preference Inventory is based on J. L. Holland?s hexagonal model of interest types.

Question 36

The correlations between interests and abilities tend to be moderately high.

Question 37

The distinction between interest and abilities is fairly easy for people to understand and poses no problem in vocational counseling.

Question 38

The most valid and efficient method of measuring attitudes is to employ a projective technique.

Question 39

In Cronbach's terminology, maximum performance is to typical performance as __________is to __________.

A) aptitude test, intelligence test
B) intelligence test, personality inventory
C) interest inventory, achievement test
D) projective techniques, special ability test

Question 40

Inventories of interests, attitudes, and values are measures of __________ performance.

A) atypical
B) maximum
C) minimum
D) typical

Question 41

The beginning of systematic efforts in the field of interest measurement is attributable to

A) Frederic Kuder.
B) James Miner.
C) E. K. Strong, Jr.
D) Edward Thorndike.

Question 42

The first systematic efforts to design criterion-related and content-validated measures of vocational interests were made by

A) G. F. Kuder.
B) E. L. Thorndike.
C) E. K. Strong.
D) R. S. Woodworth.

Question 43

The major use of standardized interest inventories has been in

A) making a vocational, mid-career, and retirement decisions.
B) occupational and educational counseling.
C) research on individual and group differences.
D) vocational selection and placement.

Question 44

The research findings of Grotevant, Scarr, and Weinberg indicate that interests have a(n)__________ basis.

A) environmental
B) hereditary
C) personality
D) situational

Question 45

Vocational interests typically do not become realistic until

A) early to middle childhood.
B) middle childhood to late childhood.
C) late childhood to early adolescence.
D) late adolescence to early adulthood.

Question 46

Which of the following pairs show the highest correlations between their interests?

A) fraternal twins
B) identical twins
C) parents and children
D) same-sex siblings

Question 47

The results of longitudinal studies have shown that interests are fairly stable after

A) middle childhood.
B) late childhood.
C) early adolescence.
D) late adolescence.

Question 48

Scores on intelligence tests correlate around __________ with school marks, but scores on interest inventories correlate around __________ with the same criterion.

A) .20, .50
B) .50, .30
C) .40, .70
D) .50, .80

Question 49

The response sets of acquiescence and social desirability can be controlled to some extent by the __________ item format.

A) forced-choice
B) ipsative-item
C) man-to-man
D) open-ended

Question 50

Traditionally, interest inventories have been more predictive of the occupational choices of

A) lower class people.
B) middle-class people.
C) upper-class people.
D) working-class people.

Question 51

Interests are more important in determining the occupational choices of __________ individuals.

A) lower class
B) middle class
C) upper class
D) working class

Question 52

Interest inventories are fairly good predictors of occupational

A) failure.
B) satisfaction.
C) success.
D) status.

Question 53

Which of the following sets of Strong Interest Inventory scales is based on Holland?s hexagonal model of interests?

A) Basic Interest Scales
B) General Occupational Themes
C) Occupational Scales
D) Special Scales

Question 54

In general, an individual?s preferences for particular activities are rather unstable until

A) late elementary school.
B) junior high school.
C) senior high school.
D) early adulthood.

Question 55

Traditionally, the focus of interest measurement has tended to be on people who are planning to enter __________ occupations.

A) unskilled
B) semi-skilled
C) skilled
D) professional

Question 56

The most time-tested of all interest inventories, in that the results of a great amount of research conducted over a 40-year period point to its reliability and validity, is the

A) California Occupational Preference Survey.
B) Jackson Vocational Interest Survey.
C) Kuder Personal Preference Survey.
D) Strong Interest Inventory.

Question 57

The results of longitudinal studies of the validity of the SVIB indicate that scores on that interest inventory were successful predictors of all of the following except occupational

A) longevity.
B) persistence.
C) satisfaction.
D) success.

Question 58

Historically, which of the following sets of scales on the Strong Interest Inventory has played the most important role in vocational counseling?

A) Basic Interest Scales
B) General Occupational Themes
C) Occupational Scales
D) Personal Style Scales

Question 59

The RIASEC themes on which the Strong Interest Inventory and certain other measures of vocational interests are scored were formulated by

A) G. W. Allport.
B) J. L. Holland.
C) G. F. Kuder.
D) E. K. Strong.

Question 60

Before attempting to interpret scores on the occupational scales of the Strong Interest Inventory, a person?s scores on the __________ should be analyzed.

A) Administrative Indexes
B) Basic Interest Scales
C) General Occupational Themes
D) Personal Style Scales

Question 61

Scores on the various scales of an interest inventory are more likely to be interdependent (ipsative) when a(n) __________ format is employed.

A) fixed-response
B) forced-choice
C) multiple-choice
D) true-false

Question 62

Of the following, the two most recently published Kuder inventories, and also the most carefully standardized, are the for measuring basic interests and the __________ for measuring interests in specific occupations.

A) Kuder General Interest Survey, Kuder Occupational Interest Survey
B) Kuder General Interest Survey, Kuder Vocational Preference Survey
C) Kuder Personal Preference Survey, Kuder Occupational Interest Inventory
D) Kuder Basic Interest Scale, Kuder Occupational Scale

Question 63

Boys tend to score higher than girls on all of the following scales of the Kuder General Interest Survey except

A) Clerical.
B) Computational.
C) Mechanical.
D) Persuasive.

Question 64

All of the interest inventories designed by G. F. Kuder uses the __________ item format.

A) critical incidents
B) forced-choice
C) open-ended
D) person-to-person

Question 65

Which of the following interest inventories was developed for use with the mentally handicapped individuals?

A) California Occupational Preference Survey
B) Career Assessment Inventory
C) Career Awareness Inventory
D) Wide Range Interest-Opinion Test

Question 66

Which of the following interest inventories does not belong with the others?

A) Geist Picture Interest Inventory
B) Jackson Vocational Interest Survey
C) Reading-Free Vocational Interest Inventory
D) Wide Range Interest-Opinion Test

Question 67

Which of the following is the most carefully designed measure of interests in nonprofessional occupations?

A) California Occupational Preference Survey
B) Career Assessment Inventory
C) Ohio Vocational Interest Survey
D) Vocational Preference Inventory

Question 68

Which of the following inventories was designed according to J. L. Holland?s hexagonal model of interests?

A) Occupational Orientation Inventory
B) Ohio Vocational Interest Survey
C) Strong Vocational Interest Blank for Men
D) Vocational Preference Inventory

Question 69

Psychoneurosis is to aggressiveness as __________ interests are to __________ interests.

A) literary and aesthetic, scientific
B) literary and aesthetic, sales
C) scientific, literary and aesthetic
D) scientific, sales

Question 70

Which of the following psychologists maintained that the primary factor in career choice is whether an individual is person-oriented or nonperson-oriented?

A) John Holland
B) Douglas Jackson
C) Fred Kuder
D) Anne Roe
E) Edward Strong

Question 71

Women tend to score higher than men on all of the following RIASEC interest areas except

A) Artistic.
B) Conventional.
C) Realistic.
D) Social.

Question 72

Men tend to score higher than women on all of the following RIASEC interest areas except

A) Conventional.
B) Enterprising.
C) Investigative.
D) Realistic.

Question 73

It is important for vocational counselors to make counselees aware of the difference between

A) abilities and grades.
B) interests and abilities.
C) interests and motivation.
D) personality traits and interests.

Question 74

SIGI PLUS and DISCOVER are computer-assisted __________ systems.

A) career-guidance
B) personality counseling
C) psychodiagnosis
D) test scoring and interpretation

Question 75

Describe at least three different methods of assessing interests and the relative accuracy and usage of the methods.

Question 76

Discuss theories and research findings concerning the development and stability of interests.

Question 77

How valid are interest inventories, and what factors affect their validity?

Question 78

Compare the Strong and Kuder interest inventories in terms of format, scoring, and psychometric characteristics.

Question 79

Provide several examples of special-purpose interest inventories used with: (a) children, (b) disadvantaged or handicapped individuals, (c) people planning to enter nonprofessional occupations.

Question 80

Describe the relationships of interests to personality, and list several inventories based on such relationships.