Deck 21: Global Nutrition and Malnutrition

Question 1

Limited or uncertain access to foods of sufficient quality or quantity to live an active, healthy life is defined as

A) food security.
B) food insecurity.
C) overnutrition
D) food jags.

Answer 1

food insecurity.

Question 2

Single parents, single people, those living below the poverty line, black and Hispanic households, and rural people are more likely to be

A) overnourished.
B) food insecure.
C) obese.
D) overweight.

Answer 2

food insecure.

Question 3

Disease, disability, mental illness, and/or drug and alcohol abuse can lead to food insecurity, and sometimes contribute to homelessness, are linked to

A) hunger.
B) rheumatoid arthritis.
C) overnutrition.
D) osteoarthritis.

Answer 3

hunger.

Question 4

A minimum of ___________ of the homeless population is mentally ill.

A) 40%
B) 45%
C) 35%
D) 20%

Question 5

What percent of U.S. households are food insecure at some time during the year?

A) 13
B) 20
C) 31
D) 35

Question 6

The poorest households experience

A) food security.
B) very low food security.
C) marginal food security.
D) low food security

Question 7

Uncertain access to adequate food is similar to

A) food security.
B) food desert security.
C) food deserts.
D) food insecurity.

Question 8

The primary factor in food insecurity is

A) unwillingness to work.
B) having three or more children.
C) laziness.
D) poverty.

Question 9

Food insecurity is most common in states in the

A) north.
B) south.
C) west.
D) east.

Question 10

Individuals or families who are steadily employed but still experience poverty due to low wages or high dependent expenses are

A) Hawaiians.
B) multi- ethnic Blacks.
C) African Americans.
D) the working poor.

Question 11

Countries which are likely experience food ___________are in Asia, Africa and parts of South America.

A) deserts
B) insecurity
C) desertification
D) security

Question 12

War- torn countries such as Somalia, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Syria are___________likely to experience food insecurity, compared to countries which are north of the equator.

A) just as
B) less
C) not
D) more

Question 13

Worldwide, agricultural production yields___________kilocalories a day to feed the world's population.

A) 3700
B) 2700
C) 1700
D) 700

Question 14

Loss of genetic diversity of plants, damaging use of pesticides, evolution of pesticide- resistant pests, pollution by run- off of fertilizers, and depletion of water reservoirs are characteristic of

A) food security.
B) renewable resources.
C) sustainable food systems.
D) non- sustainable food systems.

Question 15

What percent of all food produced is never consumed due to waste or spoilage?

A) 13
B) 23
C) 33
D) 43

Question 16

A country which experiences persistent drought, poor communication and limited transportation systems, inadequate funding for relief programs, an inability to relocate populations from disaster- prone areas, and the incapacity to make homes and farms less vulnerable to destructive weather forces is likely to be experiencing

A) famine.
B) food security.
C) conservation of natural resources.
D) failure crop.

Question 17

The leading worldwide cause of severe food shortages is

A) the monsoon.
B) drought.
C) flooding.
D) climate change.

Question 18

Increased intake of saturated fats and sugars, urbanization, sedentary jobs, coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition in an individual or a family are characteristics of

A) the nutrition transition.
B) food security.
C) food desertification.
D) food insecurity.

Question 19

To prevent undernutrition, women should nurse their babies for the first___________of life and to continue nursing with supplemental foods into the child's second year of life.

A) 6 days
B) 6 months
C) year
D) 6 weeks

Question 20

Mothers with risk passing the condition to their infants through breast milk, and therefore should be encouraged to use formula that is either canned or made from powder mixed with boiled, cool water, or to employ a non- infected wet nurse to feed their babies.

A) Salmonella
B) HIV
C) hepatitis
D) urinary tract infections

Question 21

Who among the following is most likely to be overweight? A 40- year old female who is

A) lives in an urban area.
B) lives in a rural area.
C) lives one mile from a food desert.
D) lives beside a food desert.

Question 22

Which of the following factors is modifiable?

A) political strife
B) overpopulation
C) climate change
D) natural disasters

Question 23

Nailah and her two daughters moved from rural Mississippi to the capital to get a factory job, and after two years she had become obese. She is experiencing

A) food security.
B) marginal food security.
C) the nutrition transition.
D) very low food security.

Question 24

A woman of average weight who is breastfeeding should eat___________ extra kilocalories per day to stay properly nourished and produce breast milk that is adequate in quantity and quality.

A) 500
B) 15
C) 550
D) 50

Question 25

Children who are malnourished have

A) cry a lot.
B) diminished appetites.
C) loud voices.
D) no appetite.

Question 26

Poor persons are likely to be overweight because of excessive consumption of

A) fruits.
B) added sugars and fat.
C) whole grains.
D) vegetables.

Question 27

A single mother with two children who are under age five who lives below the poverty level would benefit from applying to the

A) Women, Infants and Children program.
B) Congregate meal program.
C) Congregate Summer Food Service program.
D) Meals on Wheels program.

Question 28

Farmers who do not use genetically modified organisms or toxic or persistent pesticides or fertilizers are considered to be

A) non- sustainable farmers.
B) organic farmers.
C) USDA farmers.
D) renewable farmers.

Question 29

In developing countries, flour, salt, oil, sugar, and soy sauce have been___________with iron, iodine, and vitamin A.

A) sustained
B) enriched
C) fortified
D) renewed

Question 30

Which of the following approaches is most likely to eliminate hunger?

A) nutrition education
B) small business training and donations of sheep, goats, cows, or ducks
C) food giveaways
D) hot meals

Question 31

Stunting is lower than expected

A) weight for age.
B) height.
C) weight.
D) height for age.

Question 32

Children in industrialized countries are ___________stunted compared to children who live in developing countries.

A) less likely to be
B) more likely to be
C) just as likely to be
D) never

Question 33

Children in industrialized countries are___________wasted compared to children who live in developing countries.

A) less likely to be
B) more likely to be
C) just as likely to be
D) never

Question 34

Starving children are likely to be

A) bloated.
B) overnourished.
C) crying.
D) withdrawn.

Question 35

Underconsuming magnesium, potassium and fiber, while overconsuming added sugar and fat in one individual is an example of the

A) nutrition transfer.
B) double burden of malnutrition.
C) transition nutrition.
D) food security/insecurity.

Question 36

Disease, disability, mental illness, and/or drug and alcohol abuse can lead to food insecurity, and sometimes contribute to homelessness, which in turn often results in hunger.

Question 37

If an individual is overweight, that individual cannot be undernourished.

Question 38

During a nutrition transition, people have improved access to more, but not necessarily better food.

Question 39

In developing countries, the nutrition transition has led to improved diet quality.

Question 40

Modifiable factors such as discrimination, political sanctions, armed conflicts, agricultural challenges, food waste, climate change, natural disasters, resource depletion, and overpopulation contribute to malnutrition in many countries.

Question 41

Pregnant and lactating women may have higher kilocalorie and nutrient needs but the fetus takes the nutrients that it needs so the infant will not be undernourished.

Question 42

Chronically ill people may have malabsorption or metabolic problems or a reduced appetite.

Question 43

Older adults may be at risk for malnutrition because of higher needs for certain micronutrients, decreased senses of smell and taste, chronic illness, compromised immunity, and lack of mobility.

Question 44

Because iron, iodine, and vitamin A deficiencies are common, these nutrients have been fortified in staple foods such as flour, oil, and salt.

Question 45

Effects of undernutrition include stunted growth, wasting, and impaired cognitive development, immune function, and academic performance.

Question 46

Community organizations have eliminated hunger permanently by providing free food and meals, and non- nutrition services such as job training.

Question 47

Undernourished children are more likely to die than well- nourished children.

Question 48

Unpredictable access to food may lead to apathy, which may lead to weight loss, anemia, decreased growth, malabsorption, and ultimately loss of muscle mass.

Question 49

Food pantries offer food giveaways, meals for voluntary contributions, job training and placement, drug/alcohol counseling, and mental health services.

Question 50

Overnourished children have reduced muscle mass, stunted growth, wasting, and impaired cognitive development and academic performance.

Question 51

Free food and meals and assistance programs have helped the poor to overcome poverty and food insecurity permanently.

Question 52

The introduction of genetically modified high- yield crops, organic farming, safe water and sanitation practices have eliminated undernutrition.

Question 53

The most common nutrient deficiencies in developing countries are related to iron, iodine, and vitamin A deficiencies.

Question 54

Undernourished people exist because the world does not produce enough food.

Question 55

The majority of the world's people live in developing countries.

Question 56

People are inadequately hydrated because they live in food deserts.

Question 57

Food deserts make it difficult for locals to get access to nutrient- dense foods and good quality fruits and vegetables.

Question 58

People are poor because they do not work hard.

Question 59

People in developing countries are likely to be poor because there are too few natural resources in the country.

Question 60

Overnutrition and undernutrition may coexist, as when an individual consumes a diet high in refined carbohydrates and low in micronutrients.

Question 61

Overnourished Americans may also be undernourished because they underconsume calcium and iron.

Question 62

Vitamin A-deficient children become blind every year, and half of them die within 12 months of losing their sight.

Question 63

Marginal food security is defined as one or two reported indications-typically of anxiety over food sufficiency or shortage of food in the house.

Question 64

A food desert is an impoverished area, where fresh fruits, vegetables, and other healthful whole foods are scarce, largely due to a lack of grocery stores, farmers' markets, and healthy- food providers.

Question 65

Explain the double burden of malnutrition.

Question 66

What are the dietary guidelines for HIV women who are breastfeeding?

Question 67

How can overnutrition and undernutrition coexist in one individual?

Question 68

Which nutrients are likely to be overconsumed among overweight individuals?

Question 69

Which nutrients are likely to be underconsumed in developing countries?

Question 70

Which government nutrition programs are designed for undernourished children?

Question 71

Which government nutrition programs are designed for undernourished older adults?

Question 72

Which government nutrition programs are designed for pregnant women?

Question 73

Which government nutrition programs are designed for undernourished breastfeeding women?

Question 74

How can undernourished families access food?

Question 75

Which changes in agriculture have led to increased food production?

Question 76

Who is likely to be undernourished?

Question 77

What are the risk factors for hunger and malnutrition?

Question 78

In developing countries, which factors are linked to malnutrition?

Question 79

Why are pregnant and lactating women likely to be malnourished?

Question 80

How does chronic undernutrition lead to wasting?