Deck 3: The Pre-Civil War Period: 1777-1860

Question 1

The person who is credited with establishing the foster care system is

A) Jane Addams
B) Charles Loring Brace
C) Dorothea Dix
D) Charles K. Kellogg

Answer 1

Charles Loring Brace

Question 2

If the cause of a social problem is seen as the individual, the usual intervention in the 1800's was to:

A) place them in a poor house
B) change the person
C) provide social services
D) punish the family

Answer 2

change the person

Question 3

In order to meet the employment needs of the factories, young women from the farms were recruited and

A) forced to marry older men in order to be deemed respectable
B) were quickly advanced to become recruiters themselves
C) were soon replaced by white Protestant women from the cities
D) factory owners built dormitories to house and supervise them

Answer 3

factory owners built dormitories to house and supervise them

Question 4

The Children's Aid Society established in 1853 aimed to provide education and shelter for children by

A) apprenticing them to wealthy business families
B) placing these children in institutions and almhouses
C) establishing the first public schools in New York
D) establishing a foster care system with rural families

Question 5

Which of the following were demands by unions and worker political parties in the early 1800's?

A) equal and universal free education
B) better working conditions for Blacks
C) establishment of an eight-hour workday
D) changes in basic property relationships

Question 6

The Temperance Movement engaged in a widespread campaign against alcohol by focusing on the

A) emotional abuse that often accompanied those who drank
B) proliferation of unregulated taverns that were not paying taxes
C) economic costs of drinking and its effects on families
D) increase in prostitution and crime among new immigrants

Question 7

Which of the following raised the residence requirements for immigrants to 14 years and gave the President powers to expel anyone deemed dangerous?

A) The Law of Settlement and Removal
B) The Naturalization Act of 1795
C) The Alien and Sedition Act of 1798
D) The Second Great Awakening

Question 8

In the 1800's, the source of power or preference focused primarily on

A) people who were essentially independent and wealthy
B) people who were mostly working class and indentured
C) the clergy who preached for abolishing slavery
D) the elders because of their short life expectancies

Question 9

The reformers of the early nineteenth century saw working-class and poor families as the source of social problems and therefore,

A) built more local almhouses specifically for children
B) constructed institutions which isolated children from their parents
C) encouraged more business families to offer apprenticeships for these children
D) persuaded the clergy to take their message into the homes

Question 10

In the 1790's, life expectancy was short and therefore

A) the elderly were provided free lodging
B) the elderly were revered by the colonists
C) children were forced to work to help care for parents
D) women were respected because they could have children

Question 11

In the 1800's, public and private sources generally agreed that the causes of poverty were

A) religious fervor and intolerance
B) alcohol and domestic upheaval
C) individual character flaws
D) Southern European immigrants

Question 12

The person responsible for the reformation of hospitals for the insane was

A) Charles Loring Brace
B) Mary Richmond
C) Dorothea Dix
D) Thomas Paine

Question 13

The goal of institutional child care during the Pre-Civil War period focused on

A) shelter and routine
B) family and belonging
C) discipline and education
D) submission and obedience

Question 14

The first American for children was founded in 1729. This was a private institution for girls established by the Ursuline Sisters in

A) New York
B) New Orleans
C) Philadelphia
D) Boston

Question 15

The South supported western expansion and slavery because

A) these issues were less controversial than immigration
B) the invention of the cotton gin made cotton profitable and slavery a profitable form of labor
C) they needed more land and labor for the textile factories
D) the West would provide them with more land and they could enslave the indigenous people for labor

Question 16

Destitution in the North in the pre-Civil War era was related to

A) a lack of public social welfare programs
B) its opposition to using slave labor
C) poor white farmers living on infertile land
D) the development of a factory system

Question 17

Jacksonian Democracy symbolized the possibility of egalitarianism and achievement. A large part of the reform effort centered on

A) humane treatment of freed slaves and children
B) establishing more Indian reservations on eastern and western land
C) free public education to bridge the gap between the rich and poor
D) removing the poll tax as a condition for voting

Question 18

In a study of expenses resulting from the Poor Laws of New York, Secretary Yates categorized the poor into two groups: the permanent poor and the occasional poor. Among the permanent poor were:

A) vagrants
B) beggars
C) prostitutes
D) alcoholics

Question 19

As early as 1792, Thomas Paine viewed poverty as being related to a malfunctioning economic system. He argued for the abolishment of the Poor Laws and

A) establishing a system of guaranteed employment
B) increasing the number of private philanthropic organizations
C) creating a tax system for goods and services
D) encouraging the wealthy to honor their noblesse oblige

Question 20

After the War of 1812 and the recession that followed, the North and South disagreed on the issue of tariffs or taxes levied on imported goods. The South favored low tariffs, while the North wanted high tariffs because they

A) sought high prices for cotton and low prices for the finished products
B) wanted to reduce the increasing immigration population settling in the Northeast
C) were in bitter competition with England to buy and sell their products
D) felt that the quality of imported goods was inferior to the quality of their textiles

Question 21

In its first annual report in 1818, the New York Society for the Prevention of Pauperism stated that the causes of poverty included

A) gambling
B) sexism
C) racism
D) ignorance

Question 22

The life of middle-class women in the pre-Civil War period was one

A) of privilege and charity work
B) of isolation and abuse
C) which centered on family and home
D) which valued them as equal to men

Question 23

The New York House of Refuge opened in 1826 as part of a movement devoted to delinquent children. It served as a model for home life

A) by promoting frequent supervised visits between the children and their parents
B) by focusing on individualized care to children instead of mass institutional care .
C) characterized by discipline in a controlled environment with the goal of rehabilitation
D) demonstrating proper parenting skills and fulfilling parental responsibilities

Question 24

The efforts of child caring institutions became inadequate and unnecessary as a result of

A) the spread of compulsory public education
B) increased opportunities for apprenticeships
C) a heightened emphasis on family responsibility
D) an expansion of family service agencies

Question 25

The dominant form of care for the poor from the pre-Civil War Era to the Progressive Era was

A) the family
B) outdoor relief
C) employment
D) the almshouse
Essay Questions

Question 26

Charles Loring Brace founded the Children's Aid Society of New York City in 1853. Why is this significant in the history of social welfare and how does it apply today?

Question 27

Explain how the invention of the cotton gin established an economic base for the South and made slavery profitable.

Question 28

The first Women's Right Convention was held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. As a result of this gathering, women became involved in many reform movements. Discuss any two movements and their outcomes.

Question 29

Horace Mann labeled education "the great equalizer of the conditions of men - the balance wheel of the social machinery". Explain what he meant by this statement. Did all groups benefit from education equally at the time?

Question 30

During the first half of the 19^th century, the number of children's institutions increased rapidly. Which types of institutions were established and what were the sources of funding? What was the primary reason for this growth?