Deck 4: The Civil War and After: 1860-1900

Question 1

The person responsible for the Settlement House Movement was

A) Jane Addams
B) Dorothea Dix
C) Julia Lathrop
D) Mary Richmond

Answer 1

Jane Addams

Question 2

In the late 1800's, the Charity Organization Societies attempted which of the following?

A) motivating the public to accept Social Darwinism
B) using specific sets of procedures to help the poor get aid
C) organizing schools of social work to develop curriculum to train friendly visitors
D) coordinating private social welfare services to avoid costly duplication

Answer 2

coordinating private social welfare services to avoid costly duplication

Question 3

Which of the following was the result of the Freedmen's Bureau?

A) provisions of transportation and homes for new immigrants
B) distribution of medical supplies and establishment of hospitals
C) implementation of land distribution to increase economic power
D) authorization of the right to vote for African Americans

Answer 3

distribution of medical supplies and establishment of hospitals

Question 4

The Bureau of Labor Statistics was established in 1884 to

A) determine how many Civil War veterans were unemployed
B) collect information on the number of employed widows
C) determine means of promoting material and moral prosperity
D) collect information on the influence of organized labor on wages

Question 5

Who wrote the first book on social casework entitled Social Diagnosis?

A) Jane Addams
B) Dorothea Dix
C) Julia Lathrop
D) Mary Richmond

Question 6

Howard, Atlanta, and Fisk University were established due to the

A) Dawes Act
B) 14^th Amendment
C) Freedmen's Bureau
D) Settlement House Movement

Question 7

Which of the following statement is True?

A) Industrial and agricultural achievements provided opportunities to women and African-Americans
B) African-Americans were used as strikebreakers because they were banned from labor unions
C) Nineteenth century unions were responsible for encouraging strikes as means for increasing purchasing power
D) Industrial advances in communication helped bridge the gap between skilled and non-skilled workers

Question 8

The Settlement House Movement based their emphasis on

A) strong industrial and religious values
B) encouraging thrift and self-help in a thriving society
C) adequate functioning families making transitions
D) directing relief-giving services toward worthy families

Question 9

The first federal social welfare agency which provided a comprehensive set of services including food, clothing, and medical supplies was established by Congress in 1865. This agency was the

A) Sanitary Commission
B) Grand Army of the Republic
C) Freedmen's Bureau
D) Board of Charities

Question 10

The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 which originally prohibited Chinese immigration for ten years and then permanently was passed by Congress because

A) Americans felt a threat to their Christian religion
B) Chinese immigrants would marry white women
C) of their strong family and religious beliefs
D) of a fear of cheap labor by organized labor

Question 11

The Charity Organization Societies focused on resolving the problem of poverty by

A) having business men donate their time doing volunteer work
B) hiring young men to train immigrants in needed work skills
C) bringing about a change in character and instilling a work ethic
D) building almshouses or poor houses to get the poor off the street

Question 12

During the late 1800's, the impact of conservatism and Social Darwinism resulted in as a way to help the poor.

A) Charity Organization Societies
B) Settlement Houses
C) Schools of social work
D) Schools of nursing

Question 13

The practice of friendly visiting was intended to make self-help the cure for poverty. By the end of the nineteenth century, however,

A) Eugenics and Social Darwinism were reawakened and services were discontinued
B) the friendly visitors became sympathetic to the difficulties faced by the poor
C) services were no longer needed due to an increase in jobs due to a growth in factories
D) almhouses, workhouses, and hospitals returned as the only solutions to poverty

Question 14

Hostility to the philosophy and methodology of the Charity Organizations in the late 1800's stemmed from the belief that

A) their efforts were doing nothing but breaking up families
B) private agencies were interfering with public relief efforts
C) they were more focused on preventing fraud than on helping
D) they were taking advantage of vulnerable middle-class women

Question 15

During the Civil War, the federal government could force men to join the Union and defend their country as a result of the

A) Dependent Pension Act
B) Enrollment Act of 1863
C) Second Amendment
D) Fourteenth Amendment

Question 16

Although women were active in political movements and in the workplace and public life during and after the Civil War, equality continued to be denied with the passage of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments which

A) defined voters as men and extended suffrage to black men
B) focused on setting minimum wages for men in the labor market
C) addressed the rights of men and children
D) extended equal protection to black men but not to women

Question 17

The latter part of the nineteenth century saw efforts to remove certain groups from almhouses because they were seen as worthy of special treatment. Which of the following were seen as unworthy?

A) the mentally ill
B) young women
C) the deaf
D) aged men

Question 18

Passed during the Civil War, the opened the Western lands which allowed farmers to claim land and gain ownership after working it for five years.

A) Dawes Act
B) Homestead Act
C) Louisiana Purchase
D) Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

Question 19

The 1870 Naturalization Act which limited naturalization to whites and persons of African descent excluded Native Americans because

A) the 14^th Amendment already declared that anyone born in this country was automatically a citizen
B) they had been relegated to reservations as punishment for refusing to assimilate
C) they were considered aliens and ineligible for citizenship
D) immigrants and freed slaves had needed labor skills

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true?

A) After the Civil War, the purpose of modern philanthropy was to suppress pauperism rather than aid the needy.
B) The post-war years saw a move towards greater cooperation between labor and benevolent societies.
C) Unemployed workers aligned themselves with labor unions to strike against low wages after the war.
D) Reconstruction led to integration in educational institutions and communities in the South.

Question 21

During the Civil War, the labor movement regained its strength and power because of labor shortage. This resulted in the

A) Freedmen's Bureau
B) Knights of Labor
C) Board of Charities
D) National Labor Congress

Question 22

The Act to Regulate the Treatment and Control of Dependent, Neglected, and Delinquent Children in 1899 is significant because it

A) halted child labor of children under ten and limited the number of hours older children could work.
B) established the first juvenile court separating the treatment and control of children from adults.
C) created a system for investigating cases of child abuse and neglect in almshouses
D) defined the rules and conditions under which children could be returned to their parents

Question 23

Which of the following statements is true about the 19^th century?

A) Social welfare leadership was evident only in Northern states.
B) Only women were actively involved in social welfare issues.
C) The South and West were actively involved in building and expanding almshouses and mental hospitals.
D) Middle-class women only worked to avoid idleness, while foreign- born women worked out of necessity.

Question 24

In the postwar era, the Women's Temperance Movement was focused on

A) converting Catholic and Jewish women towards Protestantism
B) abstinence and prohibition
C) equal rights for women
D) establishing teachers colleges to give women more opportunities

Question 25

Which of the following statements is true?

A) America remained predominantly a rural nation well into the twentieth century.
B) Between the Civil War and 1900, middle-class women were employed only if they were recent immigrants.
C) After the Civil War, the Confederate veteran was considered to be worthy of assistance.
D) By 1900, white men had a life expectancy of 65 and white women an average of 67.
Essay Questions

Question 26

The Freedmen's Bureau was the first federal welfare agency between 1865 and 1869. Why was the Freedmen's Bureau significant in the development of social welfare? In other words, what were its contributions then and now?

Question 27

The Charity Organization Movement accepted "Social Darwinism" as its theoretical perspective for helping or not helping the poor. As a result of this perspective, what type of programs developed in the 1880's?

Question 28

In 1889, Jane Addams established Hull House in Chicago. This is a very significant event in the development of social welfare and the social work profession. Why?

Question 29

Explain why the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was passed and the outcome of such legislation.

Question 30

Discuss the impact of the Black Codes on freed slaves. How did these codes serve to maintain segregation in the South for almost one hundred years?