Deck 5: The Industrial Revolution in the United States

Question 1

The "Rhode Island System"
of Samuel Slater remained the dominant method of textile manufacturing until the coming of the railroads.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Charles Dickens praised the Lowell and Waltham factories (that is, the "Waltham System")for their treatment of labor.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The telegraph in the nineteenth century has been called the "Victorian internet."

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In the case of Commonwealth vs. Hunt, the U.S. courts agreed with British common law that unions were conspiracies in restraint of trade.

Question 5

The textile mills were truly America's first "big business."

Question 6

To attract workers, the Waltham system was patterned after English practice of hiring the whole family, if possible, therefore resulting in more child labor.

Question 7

The American System of Manufacturing was based on using interchangeable parts for ease of assembly.

Question 8

McCallum developed information management to probably the highest state of the art for the times by using the telegraph to make operations safer as well as to facilitate administration.

Question 9

During McCallum's time, organizational growth, geographical separation of activities, and the separation of ownership and management were the driving forces for systematizing railroad management.

Question 10

When compared with British factories of the early 19th century, U.S. factories paid lower wages and used more child labor.

Question 11

During the early 19th century, the Springfield (Massachusetts) Armory provided a good example of:

A) an increasing division of labor
B) accounting techniques for wage payments and control of time and material costs
C) tightened employee discipline
D) all of the above
E) only A and B

Question 12

_______had a large influence on those who wrote the U.S. Constitution, particularly in the role of government in economic matters:

A) Samuel Slater
B) Adam Smith
C) Alfred Marshall
D) Thomas Hobbes
E) none of the above

Question 13

The McLane Report (1832) found that American industrial development could be best described at that time by:

A) the wide use of the corporate organization
B) relatively little use of steam power
C) small organizations which were organized around entre¬preneurs and/or partnerships
D) a and b above
E) b and c above

Question 14

Advances in making the parts of a product interchangeable resulted in possibilities of mass production. Mass production required mass markets which were made possible by advances in:

A) transportation
B) agriculture
C) communication
D) both a and b
E) both a and c above

Question 15

The "American System" of manufactures as exhibited in Great Britain in 1851 referred to:

A) Slater's Rhode Island system of personnel policies
B) manufacture by interchangeable parts
C) McCallum's system of management
D) Montgomery's study of textile spinning techniques
E) none of the above

Question 16

The editor of the American Railroad Journal who formalized the principles of organization, communication, and information was:

A) Samuel Slater
B) Daniel McCallum
C) Henry Poor
D) Alfred Chandler
E) Albert Fink

Question 17

Systematic management for American railroads was the creation of:

A) Alfred Chandler
B) Albert Fink
C) Henry Poor
D) David McClelland
E) Daniel McCallum

Question 18

Daniel McCallum's principles of management included:

A) a division of responsibilities
B) promptness in reporting of derelictions of duty
C) following state and federal regulations
D) all of the above
E) only a and b

Question 19

Henry V. Poor's fundamental principles of management included:

A) organization
B) communication
C) information
D) all of the above
E) only b and c above

Question 20

Daniel McCallum developed a high degree of organizational specificity to carry out his principles. He did this through:

A) separating and identifying each grade of worker
B) developing comprehensive rules to limit the ability of individuals to do their tasks as they pleased
C) developing a formal organizational chart
D) all of the above
E) only and above

Question 21

_____________developed a formal organizational chart in the form of a tree and depicted the lines of authority and responsibility, the division of labor, and the communication lines for reporting and control.

A) Daniel McCallum
B) Henry Poor
C) Andrew Carnegie
D) Robert Owen
E) General Robert E. Lee

Question 22

Study the example of George Hudson and compare his actions with more recent practices of some executives in the United States.

Question 23

George Hudson's practices fulfilled Adam Smith's fears-why? What did Henry Poor propose as a solution?

Question 24

Discuss the impact of the telegraph on travel, trade, and information practices. Would you agree that, for its time, the telegraph rivaled the internet in its impact on the economy and how people lived?

Question 25

Describe Daniel McCallum's ideas on management. Why would the train engineers resist some of his rules?

Question 26

Identify the three "revolutions" in the nineteenth century U.S. that led to the emergence of a managerial hierarchy. Appraise the impact of this hierarchy on management thought.