Deck 13: Women As a Minority Group

Question 1

Who suggested that male genitalia influenced boys to be questing, aggressive, and outward-thrusting and that female genitalia directed girls to be concerned with boundaries, limits and interiors?

A) Friedan
B) Hacker
C) Erikson
D) Myrdal

Answer 1

Erikson

Question 2

Gunnar Myrdhal noted the common experiences in early America of women and __________.

A) immigrants
B) children
C) Native Americans
D) blacks

Answer 2

blacks

Question 3

Congress gave women the right to vote in __________.

A) 1789
B) 1865
C) 1890
D) 1919

Answer 3

1919

Question 4

Freudian psychologists suggested that __________.

A) gender differences affected behavior
B) biological differences had no effect on behavior
C) all sex role behavior was learned
D) females were actually more aggressive than males

Question 5

Women have which minority-group characteristics?

A) Achieved status
B) Easily identifiable
C) They do not see themselves as a group
D) Periods where they hold the majority of the political power

Question 6

Mead's study of the Arapesh, Mundugamor, and Tchambuli found __________.

A) evidence of consistent sex differences in behavior
B) cultural variance in male-female role behavior
C) greater male aggression in primitive societies
D) less male aggression in primitive societies

Question 7

Television __________.

A) helps overcome sex stereotyping
B) significantly improved its realistic portrayal of women
C) continues to promote traditional sex stereotypes
D) has no pattern of promoting sex stereotyping

Question 8

The term "second shift" refers to __________.

A) women working at two different job locations
B) women as a second source of family income
C) working women also doing most household chores
D) the use of domestic workers for childcare and household chores

Question 9

Minority women encounter prejudice and discrimination on what two fronts?

A) Age and gender
B) Beliefs and attitudes
C) Race and gender
D) Social class and gender

Question 10

College educated African American women are more likely to benefit from the Feminist movement in __________.

A) social identity
B) ethnic experiences
C) egalitarian marriage
D) cultural identity

Question 11

The traditional gender roles within immigrant minority subgroups deflect recent advances in__________.

A) occupational mobility
B) educational advances
C) sexual equality
D) political power

Question 12

Lillian Rubin's study of second-generation U.S. women revealed __________.

A) the importance of family of origin
B) the importance of feminism in their lives
C) their opposition to the feminist movement
D) the lack of a second shift for these women

Question 13

Previously, many women of color who were legal scholars__________.

A) opposed self-empowerment
B) felt excluded by white feminist legal scholars
C) emphasized their femininity over their cultural identity
D) rejected feminism

Question 14

__________ have the highest educational attainment.

A) Asian males
B) Asian females
C) White males
D) White females

Question 15

__________ have the lowest educational attainment.

A) Black males
B) Asian females
C) Hispanic males
D) White males

Question 16

__________ is the field of study that has the largest number of female bachelor's degree earners.

A) Education
B) Foreign languages
C) Health professions
D) Psychology

Question 17

__________ have the highest rate of labor force participation.

A) White men
B) Black men
C) American Indian men
D) Hispanic men

Question 18

Women have the highest employment rate among __________.

A) speech pathologists
B) secretaries
C) receptionists
D) bookkeepers

Question 19

Men have the highest employment rate among __________.

A) carpenters
B) automobile mechanics
C) airline pilots, navigators
D) truck drivers

Question 20

Most female technical and professional workers work as __________.

A) speech-language pathologists
B) registered nurses
C) librarians
D) social workers

Question 21

Women earn __________ men in almost every occupation.

A) more than
B) about the same as
C) exactly the same as
D) less than

Question 22

The term "mommy track" refers to the __________.

A) reality that most mothers also work at a paying job
B) desire of most working women to become mothers
C) choice working women make to put family ahead of career
D) women who get pregnant within a couple of months of giving birth

Question 23

__________ have the highest rate of female headed households.

A) Asian families
B) Hispanic families
C) Black families
D) White families

Question 24

Sexual bias in schools __________.

A) continues to exist
B) has almost completely disappeared
C) is the worst it has ever been in the history of the United States
D) is not measurable

Question 25

In fields of study in college today, we find__________.

A) proportional representation of males and females in most areas
B) females outnumbering males in the sciences
C) males significantly outnumbering females in engineering and physical sciences
D) females outnumbering males in computer and informational sciences

Question 26

With regard to labor force participation by wives, we can say that __________.

A) compared 30 years ago, more women with children under 18 participate in labor force
B) the younger the children's ages are, the more women participate in labor force
C) in general, white women show higher level of labor force participation than black women
D) the vast majority of husbands view it as shameful to have their wives in the workforce

Question 27

Occupations overwhelmingly filled by women are often called __________ jobs.

A) softie
B) pink collar
C) throwaway
D) pedestal-protection

Question 28

The term "glass ceiling" refers to __________.

A) most women working in office buildings
B) the shattering of past limits on women's salaries
C) discrimination against female upward mobility
D) affirmative action opening new careers for women

Question 29

The greatest increase in working women has been among __________.

A) young unmarried women
B) married women with young children
C) mothers of grown children
D) widows

Question 30

The growing number of female-headed households living in poverty has led to the creation of the concept of __________.

A) feminization of poverty
B) discrimination
C) unfair treatment of women
D) prejudice

Question 31

In __________, women are most equal with men in terms of degrees conferred.

A) medicine
B) dentistry
C) law
D) theology

Question 32

If educational levels are equal, it is true that __________.

A) black women earn about the same as white women while working longer hours
B) white women earn more than black women
C) white women work longer hours than black women
D) black women earn more than white women while working fewer hours

Question 33

Public concern about sexual harassment began__________.

A) in the mid-1990s
B) in the mid-1930s
C) in the mid-1960s
D) in the mid-1970s

Question 34

Many state labor laws__________.

A) fail to protect women from economic exploitation
B) protect women's employment opportunities
C) restrict women's income potential
D) bar women from higher education

Question 35

Sociologists Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales maintained that the efficient functioning of a society, indeed its very survival, depends on satisfying both __________ and __________ needs.

A) functional; institutional
B) expressive; instrumental
C) instrumental; expressive
D) institutional; functional

Question 36

As male dominance continued over the generations, a sexist ideology evolved to justify the existing order as __________.

A) illegitimate
B) natural
C) unstable
D) structural

Question 37

Many changes occurred after the Industrial Revolution, including the fact that __________.

A) machines dramatically increased men's advantage of greater strength for work tasks
B) there were decreases in infant-mortality and in family size
C) expectations about women's proper role stabilized
D) a general consensus arose that women were not to be seen outside of the house

Question 38

When did sex inequality become marked by disparities in economic contributions?

A) Hunting-and-gathering societies
B) Industrial societies
C) Postindustrial societies
D) Globalized societies

Question 39

According to the conflict view, who benefits from sexual inequality?

A) Men
B) Women
C) Children under 18
D) Minorities and immigrants

Question 40

Interactionists emphasize __________ as a way of understanding how gender inequality structures our world.

A) male advantages in maintaining sexual inequality
B) biological gender roles
C) class differences
D) internalized societal expectations

Question 41

Interactionists suggest we can overcome sexual biases and stereotypes through use of __________.

A) educational institutions
B) the government
C) the democratic process
D) religious institutions

Question 42

Functionalists suggest gender-linked tasks became questioned after __________.

A) the introduction of labor-saving domestic servants
B) machines doing labor tasks requiring strength
C) increase in immigration
D) the increase in the infant mortality rate

Question 43

The functionalist view emphasizes that __________.

A) traditionally, women performed the instrumental tasks
B) assigning work tasks by sex created a smoothly functioning society
C) distinct sex roles have never facilitated social stability
D) the biological differences between males and females demands differing work from the sexes

Question 44

According to the functionalist view, changes in societal conditions and expectations require __________ if the dysfunctions are to be overcome.

A) system adjustments
B) social movement
C) socialization
D) revolution

Question 45

Conflict theorists suggest sexual equality or inequality has usually rested heavily upon __________.

A) the degree of industrialization in a society
B) women's economic contributions to the society
C) women achieving political power
D) the willingness of men to allow equality

Question 46

According to the conflict view, __________ illustrates the universal human problems of exploitation and oppression.

A) the subordination of men
B) sexual equality
C) gender equality
D) male dominance

Question 47

Jordan, who is strong proponent of equal gender rights, points out that clear gender roles are still useful, but the specifics of these roles need to change over time to reflect a more equitable position and the realities of the economy and other social institutions. She is a(n) __________theorist.

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) interactionist
D) behavioral

Question 48

Chad, who is a(n) __________ at heart, believes that sexual equality does not come just from economic or political rights, but a general situation of mutually agreed upon expectations and conditions between the sexes.

A) functionalist
B) conflict theorist
C) interactionist
D) behavioral theorist

Question 49

William sees sexual inequality as, quite simply, the exploitation of a minority group by a dominant group. He is a(n) __________.

A) functionalist
B) conflict theorist
C) interactionist
D) behavioral theorist

Question 50

Janet argues that women are more expressive and instrumental because they are socialized to be that way from a very young age. She is a(n) __________.

A) functionalist
B) conflict theorist
C) interactionist
D) behavioral theorist

Question 51

In 1944, Myrdal noted a parallel between the position of women and blacks in U.S. society.

Question 52

Women were considered sexual property in settlement areas with a shortage of women.

Question 53

Flagrant sexism and sex role stereotyping abound in all forms of the media.

Question 54

The status of Asian American women rises with their level of education and degree of Americanization.

Question 55

Low-income African American women at first did not identify with the Feminist movement because many of its demands seemed irrelevant to their needs.

Question 56

The dual burden of career and family does not affect the experiences and career development of professional minority women as it does their white counterparts.

Question 57

Women tend to make less than men in almost every field, including those dominated by women.

Question 58

The greatest increase in working women has been among single women with college degrees.

Question 59

Since the Department of Defense has a "zero tolerance" policy on acts of sexual harassment in all branches of the military and acts quickly on complaints, such incidents have dramatically decreased.

Question 60

When women first secured voting rights, they immediately used their political power to improve their lives or to win a proportional share of elected offices.

Question 61

__________ is one's socially defined, unchangeable position in a society based on such arbitrary factors as age, sex, race, or family background.

Question 62

__________ is the tendency for people to marry only within their own social group.

Question 63

__________ describes a society in which descent and inheritance pass through the female side of the family.

Question 64

__________ describes the custom of married partners settling in or near the household of the wife's family.

Question 65

__________ are anticipated behaviors because of one's gender.

Question 66

The __________ is a real, but unseen, discriminatory policy that limits female upward mobility into top management positions.

Question 67

The cost of __________ is a major reason many women quit their jobs or delay entry into the workforce.

Question 68

Women on the __________ try to juggle both family and work, which often slows or halts their upward mobility within the company.

Question 69

__________ contend that a gender-based division of labor was an efficient means of achieving a smoothly functioning society in the past.

Question 70

__________ stress the oppression of women as economically based and beneficial to male status and power.

Question 71

Explain how World War II changed women's labor force participation.

Question 72

Explain the "third wave" of feminism. How was it different from the first two?

Question 73

In what ways does machismo affect lower-income Hispanic women?

Question 74

Explain a female occupational ghetto. Provide at least two examples in your answer.

Question 75

Define sexual harassment and give three examples.

Question 76

In what areas are women denied equal rights? How has this changed over time?

Question 77

Explain the evolution of the women's movement in the United States and assess its impact on women's lives.

Question 78

Discuss the role of socialization in developing sex role behavior. Provide specific examples.

Question 79

Explain the concept of "role entrapment." Use examples to show how women are affected by this phenomenon.

Question 80

Discuss the functionalist, conflict theory, and interactionist explanation for male-dominance in the United States.