Deck 6: South, Central, and East European Americans

Question 1

The turning point when the total of immigrants from northern and western Europe was surpassed by the total from South, Central and Eastern Europe occurred in __________.

A) 1880
B) 1896
C) 1901
D) 1908

Answer 1

1896

Question 2

__________ would be considered a "push" factor.

A) The promise of a better life
B) Low unemployment
C) Tyrannical governments
D) Familial ties

Answer 2

Tyrannical governments

Question 3

In 1880-1920, migration "push" factors included __________.

A) disease
B) famine and poverty
C) democratic elections
D) the promise of a better life

Answer 3

famine and poverty

Question 4

Working conditions from 1880-1920 included __________.

A) long hours and low wages
B) massive improvements in workers rights
C) labor by the elderly to support a youthful leisure class
D) high levels of unionization

Question 5

According to Madison Grant's 1916 book, The Passing of the Great Race, the new influx of immigrants was faced with __________.

A) marginality
B) Anglo-conformity
C) racism
D) ethnic hegemony

Question 6

Many believed rapid Americanization of the newcomers could be best achieved through __________.

A) schools
B) churches
C) government
D) employment

Question 7

The Haymarket affair resulted in __________.

A) a renewed respect for immigrants
B) 7 people being sentenced to death
C) A fear of Catholics
D) an association of Americans as terrorists

Question 8

Use of a national-origins quota system ended when Congress passed the __________.

A) Immigration and Nationality Act
B) McCarran-Walter Act
C) Johnson-Reed Act
D) National Origins Quota Act

Question 9

__________ was a migration "pull" factor in the 1800s.

A) Job opportunities in industrial America
B) Political upheaval at home
C) Harsh peasant life in Europe
D) Religious persecution

Question 10

__________ was a part of the argument for Anglo-conformity in the excerpt from an early 20th century educator.

A) That new immigrants were overly self-reliant
B) That new immigrants lacked an appreciation for law and order
C) That new immigrants lacked an appreciation for racial and ethnic diversity
D) The new immigrants made it more difficult to keep conditions sanitary

Question 11

The Haymarket Affair in 1886 set in motion which dominant group response pattern?

A) Expulsion
B) Defiance
C) Segregation
D) Xenophobia

Question 12

The 1911 Dillingham report concluded that __________.

A) "Old" immigrants had tended to congregate and slow the immigration process
B) All immigration should be restricted, without exception
C) "New" immigrants were likely to accept a low standard of living
D) Stemming hate crimes toward immigrants would require severe legal penalties

Question 13

The Dillingham Commission recommended what dominant group response pattern?

A) Legislative controls
B) Forced assimilation
C) Segregation
D) Expulsion

Question 14

Henry Pratt Fairchild considered __________ a "threat to the very fabric of society".

A) tight quotas on immigration
B) the Haymarket affair
C) sociology
D) unrestricted immigration

Question 15

__________ likely slowed upward mobility for Slavic immigrants.

A) Their backgrounds in factory labor
B) Child labor
C) Focus on education instead of work
D) Low rates of intermarriage

Question 16

Slavic people practiced child labor because of __________.

A) a value orientation that children were miniature adults
B) a value orientation about early vocational training
C) economic necessity
D) the unavailability of schools for their children

Question 17

Polish peasants viewed education as a waste of time. After the second generation, though, Poles __________.

A) trailed behind other groups in terms of upward mobility
B) had an increase in upward mobility
C) experienced stability, pride, and status competition
D) began experimenting with homeschooling

Question 18

The study of Polish Americans by Thomas and Znaniecki showed that delinquency, divorce, prostitution, and crime were the result of __________.

A) a vigorous ethnic community
B) family disorganization
C) a strong desire to assimilate
D) deviant religious values

Question 19

Polish receptiveness to ethnogenesis is evidenced by their ___________.

A) rigid sense of cultural norms
B) formation of strong ethnic associations
C) willingness to live in poverty
D) strict moral standards in the schools

Question 20

Of the approximately 3 million Russians who arrived in the United States from 1881 to 1920, approximately how many were Jewish?

A) 25%
B) 34%
C) 43%
D) 58%

Question 21

Immigrants following the Bolshevik Revolution were most likely to be __________.

A) Czarist army officers
B) peasants
C) working class people
D) extremely poor

Question 22

__________ is/are closely associated with the xenophobic reaction to Russian immigrants.

A) The assassination of President McKinley
B) Lynch mobs
C) Palmer raids
D) The Teapot Dome scandal

Question 23

Which country has led all former-Soviet republics and Russia in U.S. immigration since 1992?

A) Kazakhstan
B) Byelorussia
C) Ukraine
D) Uzbekistan

Question 24

The epithet "honky" evolved from an ethnophaulism for what group?

A) Hungarians
B) Gypsies
C) Italians
D) Russians

Question 25

Hungarians became prominent through their __________.

A) productivity in farming
B) participation in labor unrest
C) failure to settle in ethnic clusters
D) anti-labor activity

Question 26

Today, third and fourth generation Italian Americans are __________.

A) absent from the professional fields
B) attending colleges and universities in large numbers
C) experiencing downward mobility
D) being drawn back to Italy

Question 27

Many Italians participated in __________ patterns.

A) shuttle migration
B) push migration
C) train migration
D) permanent migration

Question 28

__________ is a Little Italy location.

A) Boston's North End
B) South Dallas
C) The area to the southeast of Chicago's loop
D) All of Philadelphia

Question 29

__________ was/were a hindrance to upward mobility for Italian immigrants.

A) High education standards in Italy
B) Dominant group acceptance
C) The decision of many families to remain in a Little Italy for long periods of time
D) Second-generation desires to assimilate

Question 30

Italian immigrants continued to stress the value of __________.

A) individual achievement
B) educational achievement
C) family cohesion
D) formal education

Question 31

__________ might have drawn second-generation Italian adults to la via nuova.

A) Schools
B) Religion
C) The homeland
D) Family traditions

Question 32

__________ identifies the status of second-generation Italian-Americans prior to 1940.

A) Marginality
B) Rapid upward mobility
C) Geographic dispersion
D) College-educated

Question 33

An important social center for the Greek community was the __________.

A) village
B) marketplace
C) saloon
D) coffeehouse

Question 34

What factor most likely would have encouraged some Greek immigrants to stay in the United States?

A) The Greek dowry system
B) The restaurant industry in the United States
C) The male-female ratio of Greek immigrants in the United States
D) A high valuation of endogamy

Question 35

The Greek-American community has long demonstrated __________.

A) a blend of pluralistic and assimilationist patterns
B) low socioeconomic status
C) tightly clustered residential patterns
D) low value orientations about education

Question 36

__________ would be likely in the Gypsy subculture.

A) Marrying after the age of 36
B) Having no children
C) Never returning to the Rom
D) Posing as another ethnicity to evade authorities

Question 37

Gypsies in the United States today can be described best as __________.

A) virtually nonexistent
B) fully assimilated
C) a persistent subculture
D) a convergent subculture

Question 38

Gypsies have kept their tribal codes and morals virtually unchanged in an urbanized and industrialized society by __________.

A) remaining outside educational institutions
B) attempting to add outsiders to their numbers
C) living only in rural areas
D) participating in the political process

Question 39

With regards to immigrant women and work, __________.

A) cultural norms dictated that married women should not work outside the home
B) about 20% of women worked in factories or mills
C) most immigrant women workers were maids and nannies
D) prostitution was the only viable way to make money

Question 40

With so massive and complex a migration and settlement pattern for the groups in this chapter __________ general assessment of acculturation and assessment is possible.

A) a strong
B) no
C) an accurate
D) only a biased

Question 41

Which statement accurately gives the conflict perspective for immigrants working for low wages under harsh conditions?

A) They did not understand the language and customs.
B) They were unaccustomed to an industrialized society.
C) They fared better than living amidst European conflicts.
D) Industrialists took advantage of them.

Question 42

Interactionists suggest a main reason for calls for immigration restrictions was the __________.

A) exploitation of the immigrants
B) association of the social problems with the new arrivals
C) rapid urban and industrial growth
D) overcrowding in schools

Question 43

Functional analysis would emphasize the __________ with regard to immigration.

A) conflict between social classes that arises when new groups move in
B) behavioral pathologies after an abrupt life change
C) identity formation of new immigrants
D) way beliefs change when new groups move in

Question 44

Assimilation due to labor regulations, housing codes, acculturation, and upward mobility might all be emphasized from which theoretical viewpoint?

A) Functionalist
B) Conflict
C) Interactionist
D) Rational choice

Question 45

For __________ the accompanying problems with rapid development in the United States such as overcrowded tenements and social disorganization could all be traced back to the rapid pace of social change.

A) functionalists
B) conflict theorists
C) interactionists
D) rational choice theorists

Question 46

Roger believes that any wave of immigrants will necessarily face a hard time at first, but that eventually things will calm down and social equilibrium will be restored. Roger is a __________.

A) functionalist
B) conflict theorist
C) interactionist
D) rational choice theorist

Question 47

Jack focuses on the use and abuse of power rather than on societal inability to cope with rapid change. He thinks racial and ethnic conflicts are simply struggles for power. Jack is a __________.

A) functionalist
B) conflict theorist
C) interactionist
D) rational choice theorist

Question 48

Bill is imploring his fellow workers to strike, reminding them that the only way their immigrant ancestors achieved any social mobility was by force, not assimilation. Bill's interpretation of history is in line with __________ theory.

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) interactionist
D) rational choice

Question 49

At dinner the other night, Erik told Emily, "You know we never had all these problems with teenagers getting pregnant until we had so many people crossing the border illegally." __________ theorists would be inclined to focus on how Erik's statements, regardless of accuracy, helped to shape beliefs.

A) functionalist
B) conflict
C) interactionist
D) rational choice

Question 50

__________theorists put a lot of emphasis on how people construct images of other groups of people according to stereotypes and very limited knowledge.

A) Functionalist
B) Conflict
C) Interactionist
D) Rational choice

Question 51

Madison Grant argued that, among other faults, the new immigrants were stealing American women.

Question 52

Settling in the oldest city sections, immigrants quickly conformed to the dominant culture

Question 53

The Haymarket affair was initiated by mostly nativist organizers.

Question 54

The immigrants from southern, central and eastern Europe arrived in large enough numbers to be able to preserve some of their old-country culture.

Question 55

The Johnson-Reed Act of 1924 was much less restrictive than The National Origins Quota Act of 1921.

Question 56

Sojourners immigrated to America to earn money and then returned to their native land after a year or two.

Question 57

By the 1980's, Polish American high school graduation was higher than all other European American groups.

Question 58

The Displaced Persons Act called for the expulsion of any immigrant without familial ties in America.

Question 59

A gemeinschaft society is regulated by custom and habit.

Question 60

Many Russian Americans who had worked hard to achieve some economic security in the United States found themselves jobless and unable to find work after the Bolshevik Revolution in 1917.

Question 61

The __________ hour workweek for low wages was common for unskilled immigrant workers.

Question 62

__________and __________stood out from other immigrants because of large numbers, residential clustering, religions, languages, appearance, and cultural practices.

Question 63

The new note in American nativism emphasized a racist claim of __________ for those with lighter skins, fairer hair, and earlier debarkation dates.

Question 64

__________ fled to the Quaker colony of Pennsylvania in the 18th century.

Question 65

The values and forms of village life in rural Poland were partially reintegrated in the parish structure of the __________.

Question 66

The first Russian immigrants were __________ originally from __________.

Question 67

Mennonites from Russia made a valuable contribution to U.S. agriculture by introducing __________.

Question 68

Despite __________, Sacco and Vanzetti were executed for robbery and murder in 1927.

Question 69

The use of __________and __________ to intervene in strikes by Irish workers is an example of interethnic conflict compatible with conflict theory.

Question 70

From the interactionist standpoint, demands for immigration restrictions reflected the __________ of those who looked "different".

Question 71

Explain the concept of push-pull factors. How do they impact migration patterns? Use examples.

Question 72

What are "eugenic" explanations of culture? Are they valid? Give examples.

Question 73

Explain how the Bolshevik revolution in Russia impacted Russian immigrants in America.

Question 74

What is shuttle migration? Give examples of groups that participate in migration this way. What are the impacts of this form of migration?

Question 75

How does the functionalist viewpoint help us to make sense of the experience of white ethnics in the United States?

Question 76

What were the findings and recommendations of the Dillingham Commission? What legislative action occurred as a result? What did social scientists learn from this?

Question 77

What were the specific push-pull factors contributing to the increased immigration in 1880-1902?

Question 78

What were Americans' xenophobic reactions to the newcomers? Why do you think they had this reaction?

Question 79

Why do Gypsies remain a persistent subculture? How are they able to manage this?

Question 80

Compare and contrast the three major sociological perspectives as they apply to the experiences of the groups discussed in this chapter. What do we learn from each perspective that we don't get from the others?