Deck 12: Therapy for Adults: Focus on Stuttering and Fluency

Question 1

The fluency-facilitating speaking strategy that clients may practice is referred to as:

A) phrase repetition
B) phrase revision
C) phrasing
D) paraphrasing

Answer 1

phrasing

Question 2

Which of the following is not a fluency-facilitating speaking strategy:

A) short duration vowels
B) easy voice onsets
C) light articulatory contacts
D) connect between words

Answer 2

short duration vowels

Question 3

Another name for the cancellation technique is:

A) pre-block modification
B) post-block modification
C) in-block modification
D) out-block modification

Answer 3

post-block modification

Question 4

Identification techniques are essentially intended to:

A) slow the client's overall speaking rate through self-monitoring
B) address emotions before, during, and after the occurrence of stuttering
C) raise the client's awareness of the features of stuttered speech that need correction
D) describe listeners' overt and nearly concealed reactions

Question 5

The treatment approach focused on changing the client's whole manner of talking is:

A) stuttering modification
B) fluent stuttering
C) language of responsibility
D) fluency shaping

Question 6

In the traditional stuttering therapy, one rationale for pausing after instances of stuttering, when the "cancellation" modification technique is used, is to:

A) prevent stuttering on the next word
B) weaken stuttering on the next word
C) increase tolerance to brief moments of silence
D) analyze the recent instance of stuttering

Question 7

PRIVATE In the traditional stuttering therapy one rationale behind the common procedure of post-block modification (cancellations) is to:

A) prevent stuttering on the next word
B) weaken stuttering on the last word
C) increase tolerance to brief moments of silence
D) avoid anticipated stuttering
E) none of the above.

Question 8

When a person who stutters talks about "my stuttering" it reveals:

A) symbolic language
B) animistic language
C) concrete language
D) abstract language

Question 9

When doing post-block modification, the speaker often wants to shorten the stuttering block by stopping in the middle of the word. What is the best rationale for instructing them to finish the word rather than stopping in the middle?

A) increased frustration can be triggered
B) avoidance of stuttering is counter-productive
C) listeners may not recognize the word
D) it reduces the negative reinforcement value of the subsequent pause

Question 10

In stuttering therapy the procedure of "in block" modification is designed to:

A) generate moments of fluency
B) change the pattern of stuttering
C) sustain moments of fluency
D) prevent the occurrence of anticipated moments of stuttering

Question 11

The procedure for an in-block modification technique involves:

A) easing up the tension to finish the moments of stuttering
B) substituting one form of stuttering with a different form
C) sustaining fluency after moments of stuttering
D) preventing the occurrence of stuttering before the next word
E) inserting fluency to "pull out" of the spoken phrase.

Question 12

In stuttering therapy, the purpose of a preparatory set is to:

A) replicate the moments of stuttering
B) remove stuttering to achieve natural fluency
C) sustain fluency after moments of stuttering
D) stress syllables in time to a regular, even rhythm
E) none of the above.

Question 13

Post-block modification can be accomplished by changing speech movement in this way:

A) elongating a word
B) bouncing (easy repetition)
C) pantomime before speaking aloud
D) all of the above

Question 14

PRIVATE One of the main problems which may arise when the pre-block modification technique is used in stuttering therapy is:

A) the client is capable of only short-term (one or two words), not long-term (two or three sentences), anticipation of stuttering
B) the client's anticipation of stuttering is too accurate
C) anticipation of stuttering blocks which do not materialize
D) the occurrence of stuttering blocks which was not anticipated

Question 15

In stuttering therapy, delayed auditory feedback (DAF) is particularly useful in:

A) controlling the length of the intervals between spoken words
B) reducing the fast rate of repetitions
C) inducing better coordination between phonation and articulation
D) controlling the phase disparity between the two ears in terms of auditory feedback.
E) none of the above

Question 16

Using the therapeutic approach of fluency enhancing, the clinician's aim is to:

A) gradually establish fluency using an exaggerated speaking pattern
B) immediately establish complete fluency using an exaggerated speaking pattern
C) gradually establish fluency by reinforcing fluent words in increasing number,
D) immediately establish fluency by eliminating all anticipated stuttering

Question 17

Which of the following is not included in Perkins' (1990) sequence of techniques for establishing fluency:

A) motoric skill
B) rate skill
C) blending skill
D) rhythmic skill

Question 18

Based on several reports concerning the use of rhythmic speech in stuttering therapy, a reasonable program should include a range of metronomic rate between:

A) 40 and 80 beats per minute
B) 50 and 260 " " " ,
C) 40 and 170 " " "
D) 60 and 120 " " "

Question 19

Which of the following alterations are imposed on the stutterer's speech pattern by the therapy technique of rate control using DAF or other techniques designed to achieve "stretched speech":

A) longer intervals between words or syllables
B) shorter voice onset time
C) longer pauses between phrases and sentences
D) increasing vowel duration
E) none of the above

Question 20

Experimentation with the application of noise or metronomic rhythm to stuttering therapy has indicated that:

A) the two methods yield substantial long?term cure or near-cure (stuttering on 1% or less of syllables) during unaided speech in 75% of the clients
B) the two methods yield only short?term, though substantial, results in the majority of the clients
C) the two methods yield only minor improvement, either short or long term in about 75% of the clients
D) none of the above is a reasonable/accurate conclusion on the basis of present data

Question 21

Which of the following techniques is not employed in the Establishment Phase of Bruce Ryan`s operant conditioning therapy program for stuttering?

A) practicing easy voice onset
B) establishing awareness of stuttering
C) practicing easy stuttering
D) increasing length of fluent speech

Question 22

The main focus of the "traditional approach" to stuttering therapy (e.g., Van Riper's) is the complete elimination of stuttering by means of post-block and in-block modification techniques.

Question 23

The stage of identification in stuttering therapy is designed to increase the stutterer's awareness of his/her stuttering.

Question 24

Positive reinforcement of stuttering is probably the most effective operant conditioning technique in stuttering therapy.

Question 25

Using the rate control method of stuttering treatment, the immediate goal is to achieve complete fluency during the first session using exaggerated pattern of speaking.

Question 26

Experiments with EMG as biofeedback in the treatment of stuttering have shown that a short program over only 10 consecutive days can yield relatively lasting positive effects.

Question 27

The Kassel Stuttering Therapy (KST) program utilizes an altered auditory feedback technique for the treatment of stuttering in adults.

Question 28

The Modifying Phonation Intervals (MPI) is a computer-assisted fluency program aimed at aiding clients in achieving stutter-free and natural-sounding speech.

Question 29

Integrated approaches to stuttering therapy is the term for a group of programs that utilize modern integrated electrical circuits to stimulate the motor cortex with the objective of normalizing brainwaves deemed to be associated with stuttering.

Question 30

DAF can easily be integrated with behavioral stuttering therapy.

Question 31

Taking the general therapeutic approach of stuttering management, describe the various steps involved in the procedure known as identification.

Question 32

Taking the general therapeutic approach of stuttering management, describe the various steps involved in the procedure known as modification.

Question 33

What are the basic principles and basic procedures in fluency shaping stuttering therapy?

Question 34

What types of fluency inducing instruments have been applied in stuttering therapy? Discuss pros and cons.

Question 35

Several therapeutic programs for stuttering have been developed based on operant behavior principles. What are these principles? Discuss applications, for example, Ryan's GILCU program.

Question 36

What are integrated approaches in stuttering therapy? Provide an example. Discuss.