Deck 15: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

A behavior that is different from everyone else's behavior is considered to be __________.

A) deviant
B) dysfunctional
C) distressing
D) dangerous

Answer 1

deviant

Question 2

Guido washes his hands hundreds of times per day and cannot stop this ritual. Because this behavior causes him great anguish and embarrassment, it is considered to be __________.

A) deviant
B) dangerous
C) distressing
D) dysfunctional

Answer 2

distressing

Question 3

Belle, who must take public transportation to work, is so fearful of riding a train or bus that she frequently misses work. Belle's behavior is considered __________.

A) dangerous
B) dysfunctional
C) distressing
D) deviant

Answer 3

dysfunctional

Question 4

For a deviant behavior to be considered a disorder, it must also be __________.

A) genetic and environmental
B) intentional and internal
C) malicious and persecutory
D) distressing and dysfunctional

Question 5

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, fourth edition, text revised (DSM-IV-TR) is a __________.

A) directory of all dangerously mental ill patients born since 1929
B) index of successful treatments for all disorders in Europe and North America
C) major tool psychologists use to diagnose psychological disorders
D) all of these

Question 6

Major clinical syndromes would be found in which "axis" of the DSM-IV-TR?

A) I
B) II
C) III
D) V

Question 7

Personality disorders would be found in which axis of the DSM-IV-TR?

A) I
B) II
C) IV
D) V

Question 8

Mental retardation would be found in axis _____ of the DSM-IV-TR.

A) II
B) III
C) IV
D) V

Question 9

About _______ of U.S. adults will suffer from an Axis I or II disorder sometime in their lives.

A) 25 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 99 percent

Question 10

What is comorbidity?

A) The likelihood of two or more people developing the same mental disorder
B) The potential dangers of the most effective treatment for a mental disorder
C) The likely future outcome of a mental disorder
D) The simultaneous occurrence of two or more disorders in the same person

Question 11

An individual's anxiety becomes a disorder when __________.

A) the person feels shaky, dizzy, nauseous, and seeks medical attention
B) it is exacerbated by another disorder, such as major depression
C) it is disproportionate to the situation and interferes with functioning
D) it will not decrease despite behavioral therapy and heavy medication

Question 12

About ________ of the U.S. population experiences an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives.

A) 13 percent
B) 29 percent
C) 42 percent
D) 65 percent

Question 13

Luz has chronic, pervasive anxiety. She worries about everything, and cannot pinpoint the exact source or beginning of feeling this way. Luz likely has a common anxiety disorder known as __________.

A) phobic disorder
B) bipolar disorder
C) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
D) generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Question 14

When Joe rides any form of public transportation or rides in a car with someone else driving, he is overwhelmed by an impending sense of doom. His heart palpitates, he shakes, gets dizzy, and feels like he is going to "go crazy" or die. Joe likely experiences __________.

A) panic attacks
B) post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
C) Munchhausen's syndrome
D) social anxiety disorder

Question 15

The primary fear of agoraphobics is of being in __________.

A) a public place
B) an open space
C) a closed space
D) an inescapable situation

Question 16

______________ is an anxiety disorder usually suffered by someone who has experienced an extreme trauma, such as a rape, car accident, or war. The individual may re-experience the trauma in the form of flashbacks. Further, he or she will often distance himself or herself from loved ones.

A) Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
B) schizophrenia
C) dissociative identity disorder
D) dissociative fugue

Question 17

A ______________ is a persistent and irrational fear of a particular object, situation, or activity.

A) compulsion
B) delusion
C) conduct disorder
D) phobia

Question 18

Li Chen has always been deathly afraid of spiders. Her fear is so pronounced that once after she saw a spider in her bedroom and would not go back into the room for a month. This fear is unreasonable, because she has never had a bad experience with spiders. Li Chen would most likely be diagnosed with which of the following?

A) obsessive-compulsive disorder
B) a specific phobia
C) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
D) Asperger's syndrome

Question 19

Michael is so self-conscious about his appearance that he won't venture into any crowded place. Michael even misses meetings at work when he knows many people will be attending. He thinks everyone is staring at him and talking about his hair. He has begun wearing a hat everywhere, including to work. Michael likely has __________.

A) impulse control disorder
B) major depressive disorder
C) social anxiety disorder
D) avoidant personality disorder

Question 20

An unwanted thought, word, phrase, or image that persistently and repeatedly comes into a person's mind and causes distress is known as which of the following?

A) a compulsion
B) an obsession
C) depression
D) diathesis-stress

Question 21

Jon must knock seven times on every doorway he enters or exits. He also must stir his coffee seven times before he drinks it. Jon is exhibiting __________.

A) an obsession
B) a compulsion
C) a mood disorder
D) all of these

Question 22

_________________ involves the urge to perform a repetitive, ritualistic behavior in order to attempt to control some future outcome about which one has persistent, overwhelming thoughts.

A) Schizophrenia
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Dissociative fugue
D) Obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 23

Jody feels intense urges to bet on sports and does so nearly every day. This gambling makes him happy at the time, but he cannot control his urges and usually ends up losing and sinking into a deep depression. Jody most likely has which of the following?

A) schizotypal personality disorder
B) dissociative identity disorder
C) impulse control disorder
D) Munchhausen's syndrome by proxy

Question 24

The diathesis-stress model of an anxiety disorder states that __________.

A) a mother or father under stress will likely produce an offspring who has an anxiety disorder
B) all psychological disorders are solely the result of traumatic environmental events
C) any individual can develop a psychological disorder if he or she becomes subject to intense peer pressure
D) biological predispositions plus an aversive environmental event will trigger an anxiety disorder

Question 25

Research shows that deficiencies in the neurotransmitter ______________ can lead to excessive activation of the brain areas associated with fear.

A) GABA
B) serotonin
C) acetylcholine
D) dopamine

Question 26

The heritability for anxiety disorders ranges from __________.

A) 10 to 20 percent
B) 30 to 40 percent
C) 50 to 60 percent
D) 70 to 80 percent

Question 27

Making Connections in Psychological Disorders: Alexei experienced a panic while riding the bus to school and has come to associate riding the bus with panicking. Now when he knows he has to ride a bus he experiences extreme anxiety. What type of learning does Alexei's bus experience exemplify?

A) observational learning
B) operant conditioning
C) classical conditioning
D) all of these

Question 28

Some scientists propose that the brain's caudate nucleus, anterior cingulate cortex, and some limbic structures are hyperactive in __________.

A) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
B) word salad
C) schizoid personality disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Question 29

Research shows that persons with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) experience a preoccupation with __________.

A) dreams
B) conscious thought
C) implicit memory
D) unconscious meaning

Question 30

About __________ of U.S. adults will experience clinical depression at some point in their lives.

A) 10 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 40 percent

Question 31

Disturbances in emotional behavior that prevent people from functioning effectively in everyday life are considered _____________ disorders.

A) mood
B) psychotic
C) anxiety
D) personality

Question 32

Chow is unmotivated, feels worthless, sleeps all the time, and does not get out of bed for days at a time. He has not been to work in about three weeks-he says he has no energy to do so. Chow likely has __________.

A) bipolar depression
B) major depressive disorder
C) conduct disorder
D) agoraphobia

Question 33

____________ is a milder form of major depressive disorder.

A) Bipolar disorder
B) Autism
C) Agoraphobia
D) Dysthymia

Question 34

Major depressive disorder can be caused by __________.

A) physical abuse
B) sexual abuse
C) brain chemistry
D) all of these

Question 35

Which of the following individuals would most likely develop major depression?

A) Someone who inherits the long form of the serotonin gene.
B) Someone who inherits the short form of the serotonin gene.
C) Someone who inherits the short form of the serotonin gene and experiences a major stressor.
D) none of these.

Question 36

People with ______________ disorder experience periods of excessive elation and excitability alternating with periods of extreme sadness and feelings of hopelessness.

A) narcissistic personality
B) borderline personality
C) panic
D) bipolar

Question 37

The mnemonic D-I-G-F-A-S-T is useful for remembering the symptoms of __________.

A) mania
B) autism
C) dysthymia
D) schizophrenia

Question 38

Bipolar disorder affects __________.

A) more women than men
B) more men than women
C) women and men equally
D) primarily children

Question 39

A milder form of bipolar disorder is called __________.

A) dysthymia
B) cyclothymia
C) Asperger's syndrome
D) none of these

Question 40

Studies have shown that when one identical twin has bipolar disorder there is a ___________ chance that the other twin will develop the disorder.

A) 10 to 30 percent
B) 40 to 70 percent
C) 80 to 90 percent
D) 100 percent

Question 41

In the manic phase of bipolar disorder, individuals' brain chemistry reflects __________.

A) low serotonin and high norepinephrine
B) high serotonin and low norepinephrine
C) low serotonin and low norepinephrine
D) high serotonin and high norepinephrine

Question 42

About __________ of U.S. adults are afflicted with schizophrenia.

A) 1 percent
B) 9 percent
C) 18 percent
D) 19 percent

Question 43

Schizophrenia involves __________.

A) distractability, indiscretion, agitation, and excessive elation
B) a "split" in personalities
C) profound changes in thought and emotion
D) all of these

Question 44

The positive symptoms of schizophrenia include __________.

A) hallucinations and delusions
B) flat affect and reduced speech
C) striking and retaining strange poses
D) unresponsiveness

Question 45

Bernie is hearing voices that tell him to change his clothes, when, in fact, no one else is there. Bernie is experiencing __________.

A) catatonia
B) delusions
C) hallucinations
D) waxy flexibility

Question 46

Paula believes she is Marilyn Monroe, and frequently dresses the way Ms. Monroe dressed and signs "autographs" for people in public places. Paula is experiencing __________.

A) conduct disorder
B) a mood disorder
C) a delusion
D) all of these

Question 47

The positive symptoms of schizophrenia are ____________; the negative symptoms of schizophrenia are ____________.

A) good; bad
B) the presence of abnormality; the absence of normality
C) most often genetic; most often environmental
D) all of these

Question 48

Chad, who has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, said to his therapist, "I came to the lamp to get the pastry changed, and they hear me and feel me, but ignore me and give me X-rays so I cannot talk to the parish." Chad's speech is an example of __________.

A) cyclothymia
B) agoraphobia
C) dyslexia
D) word salad

Question 49

The heritability rate for schizophrenia is thought to be __________.

A) 10 to 15 percent
B) 30 to 35 percent
C) 50 to 55 percent
D) 80 to 85 percent

Question 50

With respect to the development of schizophrenia, researchers have reported which of the following?

A) If an identical twin develops schizophrenia, the stress brought about by this event usually causes the other twin to develop the disorder.
B) Diet and exercise can prevent schizophrenia in women but not in men.
C)If a woman contracts an infection during pregnancy, the child has an increased risk of developing schizophrenia later in life.
D) none of these

Question 51

As compared to controls, people with schizophrenia process information in their working memories __________.

A) less efficiently but more automatically
B) more efficiently but less automatically
C) less efficiently and less automatically
D) more efficiently and more automatically

Question 52

In terms of neuroanatomy, people with schizophrenia have which of the following?

A) larger ventricles
B) smaller occipital lobes
C) larger brain stems
D) smaller temporal lobes

Question 53

Major hypotheses as to the neurochemistry underlying schizophrenia have focused on __________.

A) serotonin and norepinephrine
B) dopamine and glutamate
C) testosterone and estrogen
D) GABA and acetylcholine

Question 54

Someone suffering from a ________________ disorder experiences an extreme split from or gap in memory, identity, or consciousness.

A) psychotic
B) mood
C) dissociative
D) personality

Question 55

Janet has at least three distinct "personalities," each of whom has her own behaviors, emotions, and memories. Janet often has blocks of time she just cannot remember-often days long-and it is at these times that the other personalities seem to emerge, one at a time. Janet is likely experiencing __________.

A) schizophrenia
B) conversion disorder
C) bipolar disorder
D) dissociative identity disorder (DID)

Question 56

In terms of dissociative identity disorder (DID), women are __________.

A) far less likely than men are to experience this disorder
B) equally as likely as men are to experience this disorder
C) far more likely than men are to experience this disorder
D) never diagnosed with this disorder

Question 57

People who have had truly painful or traumatic experiences and develop amnesia that is too complete to be explained by normal forgetting are diagnosed with __________.

A) dissociative amnesia
B) dissociative fugue
C) dissociative identity disorder
D) avoidant personality disorder

Question 58

Childhood physical and sexual abuse are horrible because they __________.

A) cause short-term anguish
B) can alter the structure and function of the brain
C) can increase the child's likelihood of developing a psychological disorder in adulthood
D) all of these

Question 59

Research shows that children need normal environmental stimulation by about age ________ for their brains to grow to normal size.

A) 1
B) 4
C) 10
D) 13

Question 60

________________ disorders generally start in childhood and are more stable than clinical disorders.

A) Mood
B) Psychotic
C) Personality
D) Dissociative

Question 61

Which of the following is true of a personality disorder?

A) The affected individual shows marked distress over his or her illness.
B) The affected individual views his or her behavior as normal.
C) There is never comorbidity between a personality disorder and another disorder.
D) all of these.

Question 62

Which of the following individuals has an odd-eccentric personality disorder?

A) Sue, who has schizotypal personality disorder
B) Amy, who has schizoid personality disorder
C) Nate, who has paranoid personality disorder
D) all of these

Question 63

Jennings does not want close relationships, and he never gets emotional with anyone or about anything. He is reclusive, has no sense of humor, and wants to live and be alone. Jennings likely has__________.

A) schizoid personality disorder
B) borderline personality disorder
C) narcissistic personality disorder
D) schizotypal personality disorder

Question 64

Katherine does not want to be around people, much less become emotionally involved with anyone. She also thinks people stand outside her apartment door frequently and talk about her, although this has never actually happened. Katherine likely has __________.

A) schizotypal personality disorder
B) schizoid personality disorder
C) paranoid personality disorder
D) avoidant personality disorder

Question 65

People diagnosed with paranoid personality disorder are __________.

A) extremely suspicious
B) trusting of others
C) well adapted to the behavior of others
D) all of these

Question 66

Blanche wants to be the center of attention. She often enters the room like she is an actress entering a stage and expects everyone to stare at her. She is extremely flamboyant, dramatic, and inappropriately seductive to almost everyone. Blanche likely has __________.

A) narcissistic personality disorder
B) borderline personality disorder
C) histrionic personality disorder
D) dependent personality disorder

Question 67

Those with ____________ personality disorder have out-of-control emotions, are very afraid of being abandoned by others, and vacillate between extremes of loving and hating the people closest to them.

A) dependent
B) narcissistic
C) schizoid
D) borderline

Question 68

Peter thinks he is heaven's gift to humanity. He is extremely arrogant and most of his time is spent talking about his own accomplishments and importance. However, his attitude has driven most friends and associates away. Peter likely has _____________ personality disorder.

A) borderline
B) paranoid
C) narcissistic
D) antisocial

Question 69

Those with _____________ personality disorder are extremely impulsive, deceptive, violent, ruthless, and callous.

A) avoidant
B) antisocial
C) obsessive-compulsive
D) schizotypal

Question 70

People with avoidant personality disorder are __________.

A) so afraid of being criticized that they avoid interacting with others
B) always striving to become the center of attention
C) have an exaggerated sense of self-esteem
D) all of these

Question 71

Jillian has a strong need for someone to take care of her. She has such an extreme fear of being rejected that she often drives others away due to her clinginess. Jillian likely has __________.

A) dependent personality disorder
B) obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
C) paranoid personality disorder
D) borderline personality disorder

Question 72

People with ________________ disorder are perfectionists and extremely rigid in their habits.

A) avoidant personality
B) schizotypal personality
C) obsessive-compulsive personality
D) schizoid personality

Question 73

The personality disorder most closely associated with committing murder is __________.

A) schizoid
B) borderline
C) avoidant
D) antisocial

Question 74

Francis, who is 12 years old, not only abuses the smaller children in the neighborhood but also abuses animals. He steals from the local grocery store frequently and lies to his parents and teachers constantly. Francis most likely has _________.

A) conduct disorder
B) schizophrenia
C) mania
D) borderline personality disorder

Question 75

To receive a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a child must have displayed symptoms before age __________.

A) three
B) five
C) seven
D) nine

Question 76

What percentage of school-age children from the United States meet the criteria for ADHD?

A) 2 to 3 percent
B) 5 to 10 percent
C) 15 to 20 percent
D) 75 to 80 percent

Question 77

Research shows that children with ______________ are oversensitive to sensory stimulation and have trouble integrating multiple sources of sensory information, such as sight, sound, and touch.

A) conduct disorder
B) schizophrenia
C) autism
D) ADHD

Question 78

Recent research has shown that as many as _________ out of 1,000 children meet the criteria for a diagnosis of autism.

A) 1
B) 60
C) 100
D) 600

Question 79

_____________ is on the highly functioning end of the spectrum of autistic disorders.

A) Major depressive disorder
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Munchhausen's syndrome
D) Asperger's syndrome

Question 80

Researchers have shown that ___________ neurons may malfunction in autistic children.

A) efferent
B) afferent
C) mirror
D) motor