Deck 30: Neurocognitive and Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Question 1

The nurse is educating a postpartum client about infant growth and development. Which statement will the nurse include in the material?

A) "It is rare for infants who are carried to term to develop in predictable intervals."
B) "As time passes, infants begin with simple tasks such as grasping, and later move toward more complex tasks."
C) "Development refers primarily to the ability of children to communicate."
D) "Cognition refers to behavioral aspects of a child's growth such as talking, walking, and running."

Answer 1

"As time passes, infants begin with simple tasks such as grasping, and later move toward more complex tasks."

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a client with a permanent brain injury. What does the nurse understand about the link between this condition and cognitive pathophysiology? Select all that apply.

A) Inflammation has an immediate effect on numerous neurotransmitters, leading to brain injury and cognitive dysfunction.
B) Trauma is a common cause of schizophrenia and learning disabilities.
C) Alzheimer disease is often a result of a traumatic brain injury leading to volume loss in key memory structures.
D) Oxygen deprivation can lead to brain injury resulting in cognitive dysfunction.
E) Brain function depends on a simple metabolic process which, when interrupted, results in permanent brain injury.

Answer 2

Trauma is a common cause of schizophrenia and learning disabilities.
Oxygen deprivation can lead to brain injury resulting in cognitive dysfunction.

Question 3

The nurse is caring for a client with increased intracranial pressure. Which mechanisms related to oxygenation and circulation does the nurse understand can lead to this condition? Select all that apply.

A) Deficient neurochemical signaling pathways
B) Impaired gas exchange
C) Respiratory acidosis
D) Increased vasodilation
E) Decreased cerebral perfusion.

Answer 3

Impaired gas exchange
Respiratory acidosis
Increased vasodilation
Decreased cerebral perfusion.

Question 4

The nurse is caring for a client with chronic peripheral inflammation. Which neurotransmitters considered central in cognition are affected by this condition? Select all that apply.

A) Acetylcholine
B) Oxytocin
C) Dopamine
D) Serotonin
E) Glutamate

Question 5

The nurse is providing education about fetal neurodevelopment and neurocognition to a client who is three months pregnant. Which factors will the nurse include in the education? Select all that apply.

A) Smoking
B) Maternal IQ
C) Alcohol
D) Nutrition

Question 6

The nurse is providing education to a client with a neurocognitive development disorder. Which statement by the client requires further follow up by the nurse?

A) "The specific gene has been identified that caused my disorder."
B) "Maternal health can play a role in the development of disorders like mine."
C) "Sometimes copy error mutations occur and result in a disorder in cognition."
D) "The advanced age of my parents might have played a role in my condition."

Question 7

The nurse is educating a postpartum client about breastfeeding. Which statement will the nurse include about the link between breastfeeding and mental health?

A) "Breast milk has shown to have a positive effect on neurocognitive development."
B) "Breast feeding is an nonmodifiable health behavior that has the potential to enhance development."
C) "Numerous studies have shown that breastfeeding has a positive effect on children's development."
D) "Breastfeeding has been linked to a lower socioeconomic status."

Question 8

The nurse is reviewing the importance of maternal health with a woman who is three months pregnant. Which neurotransmitter will the nurse discuss with the client?

A) Acetylcholine
B) Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
C) Dopamine
D) Oxytocin

Question 9

The nurse is caring for a client with schizophrenia. What does the nurse understand about the prevalence of this condition?

A) Schizophrenia affects approximately 3% of the population.
B) Prevalence rates increase when the client is admitted for depression.
C) Prevalence rates are similar across all cultures and ethnicities.
D) Schizophrenia is more likely to develop in individuals residing in rural areas.

Question 10

The nurse is assessing a client with suspected formal thought disorder (FTD). Which findings does the nurse understand are consistent with this condition? Select all that apply.

A) Abnormally slow speech
B) Pressured or distracted speech
C) Perseveration
D) Poverty of speech
E) Word salad

Question 11

The nurse is educating the family of a client about the negative symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Which symptoms will the nurse review in the material? Select all that apply.

A) Memory deficits
B) Delusions
C) Hallucinations
D) Social withdrawal
E) Avolition

Question 12

A client with schizophrenia asks the nurse, "What are my chances for recovery?" What response should the nurse give?

A) "The right medications have proven to be extremely effective in assisting with recovery."
B) "Substantial recovery can occur with appropriate treatment and support."
C) "Although treatment may help with symptoms, there is no cure for schizophrenia."
D) "Lack of clinical insight is one of the most important features of recovery."

Question 13

The nurse is caring for a client with delirium. What does the nurse understand about the onset of this condition?

A) It is rapid in onset and may last between hours and days.
B) It is chronic and insidious in nature and is progressive in onset.
C) It is typically episodic in nature and variable in onset.
D) It is characterized by developing late in life and is caused by brain disease or injury.

Question 14

The nurse is caring for a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer disease. What does the nurse understand to be objectives identified for Alzheimer disease as defined by Healthy People 2020? Select all that apply.

A) Reduce the proportion of preventable hospitalizations in adults aged 65 and older with diagnosed Alzheimer disease or other dementias.
B) Reduce the proportion of preventable cases of Alzheimer disease and other dementias in adults aged 65 and older.
C) Increase the number of adults aged 65 and older on active pharmacological treatment for Alzheimer disease and other dementias.
D) Increase the proportion of adults aged 65 and older with diagnosed Alzheimer disease and other dementias, or their caregivers, who are aware of the diagnosis.
E) Reduce the proportion of adults aged 65 and older who require long term care as a result of Alzheimer disease or other dementias.

Question 15

The nurse is educating the family of a client diagnosed with Alzheimer disease about the cause of this condition. Which statements will the nurse include in the teaching? Select all that apply.

A) "Enlargement of the hippocampus occurs."
B) "The death of brain cells occurs."
C) "This is an inherited genetic condition."
D) "A buildup of proteins occurs in the brain."
E) "A series of small strokes leads to changes in thinking."

Question 16

The nurse is reviewing the plan of care for a client with delirium. Which interventions will the nurse include in the care for this client? Select all that apply.

A) Apply arm restraints to prevent self harm
B) Allow client to eat alone during mealtimes
C) Provide a calm, well-lit environment
D) Reduce sound in the client's room at night
E) Avoid constant observation to increase autonomy and security

Question 17

The nurse is educating the parent of a 7-year-old child during a well-child visit about the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Which symptoms will the nurse review in the teaching? Select all that apply.

A) Continual fidgeting
B) Excessive daydreaming
C) Unnecessary risk taking
D) Trouble taking turns
E) Excessive anxiety

Question 18

The nurse is assessing an older adult client with suspected attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). What does the nurse understand about the diagnosis and treatment of ADHD in this age group? Select all that apply.

A) The number of older adults diagnosed with ADHD is increasing due to increased media attention.
B) ADHD continues to impair function into adulthood.
C) Patterns in functional impairment are similar between adults and children with ADHD.
D) Individualized therapy is important in older adults with ADHD.
E) ADHD diagnosis and treatment in older adults is a well-researched area of psychiatric health.

Question 19

The nurse is teaching a community health class about autism spectrum disorder (ASD). What statement will the nurse include in the teaching?

A) "Individuals with ASD have similarly impaired capacities for learning, thinking, and problem solving."
B) "Individuals with ASD have a distinct appearance that sets them apart from their peers."
C) "Individuals with ASD may have one of several conditions."
D) "Individuals with ASD undergo a specific test to determine the underlying cause of the disorder."

Question 20

The nurse is assessing a four-year old child with suspected fetal alcohol syndrome. What assessment findings will the nurse anticipate? Select all that apply.

A) Deficiency in height and weight
B) Excessive forgetfulness
C) Thin upper lip
D) Hearing problems
E) Stereotyped behavioral patterns