Deck 8: Fluid Balance, Water, and Alcohol

Question 1

The fluid found between cells is called

A) enzymatic.
B) exogenous.
C) extracellular.
D) intracellular.

Answer 1

extracellular.

Question 2

Mary is a healthy college student. She weighs 120 pounds. Up to how much of her body weight could be made up of water?

A) 12 pounds
B) 30 pounds
C) 84 pounds
D) 96 pounds

Answer 2

84 pounds

Question 3

Water has a high cooling power. What does this mean?

A) Water heats up or cools down very quickly.
B) Water requires lots of external energy to raise its temperature.
C) Water provides a useful source of stored kilocalories.
D) Water transports the energy-yielding nutrients throughout the body.

Answer 3

Water requires lots of external energy to raise its temperature.

Question 4

The majority of the body's fluid is found within the

A) cells.
B) bloodstream.
C) gastrointestinal tract.
D) lymphatic system.

Question 5

Which of the following statements does NOT describe fluids?

A) Fluids have the ability to move freely in the body.
B) Fluids are colorless and tasteless.
C) The main component of fluids has a precise ratio of hydrogen and oxygen molecules.
D) Fluids adapt to the shape of the container they occupy.

Question 6

What is the function of the cerebrospinal fluid?

A) maintains blood volume
B) acts as a shock absorber
C) lubricates body joints
D) maintains body temperature

Question 7

Which of the following stimulates the thirst mechanism?

A) increased concentration of sodium in the blood
B) elevated blood volume
C) elevated blood pressure
D) lubrication of the mouth and throat tissues

Question 8

Which of the following organs plays an important role in maintaining fluid balance?

A) small intestine
B) kidneys
C) liver
D) pancreas

Question 9

How much fluid intake per day from water and other beverages is recommended for men?

A) 1.8 liters
B) 2.0 liters
C) 2.2 liters
D) 3.0 liters

Question 10

Agnes drinks the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI) recommended 9 cups of water a day. How many milliliters (ml) is this equivalent to?

A) 300 ml
B) 500 ml
C) 2,200 ml
D) 9,000 ml

Question 11

The body's thirst mechanism is located in the

A) stomach.
B) hypothalamus.
C) kidneys.
D) mouth.

Question 12

Which of the following kind of water has been treated to remove all dissolved minerals?

A) mineral water
B) carbonated water
C) distilled water
D) purified water

Question 13

Moderate alcohol consumption has been linked with a reduced risk of

A) obesity.
B) liver disease.
C) type 2 diabetes.
D) cardiovascular disease.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a health consequence of chronic alcohol abuse?

A) a decrease in HDL-cholesterol
B) a fatty liver
C) hepatitis
D) esophageal cancer

Question 15

How does a diuretic affect the body?

A) increases fluid loss via the urine
B) signals hormonal cascade and increases blood pressure
C) replenishes fluids and electrolytes to prevent dehydration
D) speeds up the metabolism of alcohol to restore sobriety

Question 16

The most effective way to avoid alcohol intoxication is to

A) drink a cup of coffee after every drink.
B) stay active; walk around and do not sit down.
C) consume no more than one drink an hour.
D) drink an 8-ounce glass of water after each drink.

Question 17

Hyponatremia is most commonly associated with

A) binge drinking.
B) hypertension.
C) water intoxication.
D) dehydration.

Question 18

Bob drinks five beers. Each contains 13 grams of alcohol. How many kilocalories from alcohol does Bob consume?

A) 260 kcal
B) 455 kcal
C) 585 kcal
D) 650 kcal

Question 19

Why is alcohol NOT considered a nutrient?

A) Alcohol doesn't provide any kilocalories to the body.
B) Alcohol is inorganic.
C) Alcohol doesn't provide any vitamins.
D) Alcohol is not essential to the body's functioning.

Question 20

When the body breaks down fat, carbohydrate, and protein, one by-product is

A) metabolic water.
B) sweat.
C) plasma.
D) caffeine.

Question 21

Why are infants at a greater risk for dehydration as compared to adults?

A) A smaller proportion of an infant's body weight is water.
B) Their ratio of body surface area to body core is smaller.
C) They excrete urine at a higher rate.
D) A baby's body has a weak response to heat and cold.

Question 22

A "drink" refers to a beverage that provides how many fluid ounce(s) of alcohol?

A) .5
B) 1
C) 2
D) 2.5

Question 23

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of heatstroke?

A) rapid shallow breathing
B) excessive perspiration
C) rapid pulse
D) high body temperature

Question 24

What percentage of alcohol does a 140-proof liquor contain?

A) 12%
B) 23%
C) 36%
D) 70%

Question 25

Binge drinking is defined as the consumption of how many alcoholic drinks on one occasion?

A) three or more
B) five or more
C) seven or more
D) nine or more

Question 26

Which of the following techniques speeds up the rate at which the liver normally breaks down alcohol?

A) abstaining from food
B) carbonating the alcoholic drink
C) superhydrating
D) There is no effective way to speed up the breakdown of alcohol.

Question 27

The fluid portion of blood is called

A) electrolyte.
B) solvent.
C) plasma.
D) lymphatic fluid.

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)?

A) iron-deficiency anemia
B) facial deformities
C) heart defects
D) cognitive impairment

Question 29

Coma and death can result when a loss of body water exceeds what percentage of total body weight?

A) 1%
B) 2%
C) 5%
D) 8%

Question 30

Because water is capable of mixing and breaking apart a variety of compounds, it makes an excellent

A) solvent.
B) diuretic.
C) alcohol.
D) teratogen.

Question 31

The combined effects of the caffeine and other ingredients in energy drinks can cause

A) hyponatremia.
B) diarrhea.
C) increased blood pressure and heart rate.
D) skin rashes.

Question 32

About how many drinks per hour can the liver break down?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 5

Question 33

Which of the following best summarizes the Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommendation regarding alcohol consumption for most healthy adults of legal drinking age?

A) Alcohol is not a nutrient and should not be consumed.
B) Consumption of one drink a day for women and two drinks for men is safe.
C) Moderate consumption of two drinks a day for women and four drinks for men has health benefits.
D) Alcohol consumption should not exceed 20 percent of daily Calories for women and 30 percent for men.

Question 34

Chronic alcohol abuse in adolescents and young adults can cause

A) hypertension.
B) paralysis.
C) changes in brain structure and function.
D) blood clots.

Question 35

Nutrient-enriched flavored or "designer" waters have nutrient levels that are

A) lower than the nutrient levels in foods.
B) substantially higher than the nutrient levels in foods.
C) evaluated and approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
D) optimal for reducing the risk of free radical damage.

Question 36

Over the past 40 years, Americans increased the percentage of Calories they consume from beverages by almost

A) 20%.
B) 50%.
C) 75%.
D) 100%.

Question 37

Which of the following contains the most caffeine?

A) rooibos tea
B) black tea
C) green tea
D) white tea

Question 38

A protein snack or meal eaten before drinking alcohol can help limit a person's alcohol intake and potential for intoxication by

A) increasing metabolic tolerance.
B) increasing the level of alcohol excreted in breath vapor.
C) delaying the intestinal absorption of alcohol.
D) increasing the intestinal absorption of alcohol.

Question 39

Chronic alcohol abuse can scar liver tissue, impair blood flow to the liver, and disrupt liver function, sometimes fatally. This chronic condition is known as

A) dehydration.
B) fatty liver.
C) hepatitis.
D) cirrhosis.

Question 40

Because it is capable of causing a birth defect, alcohol is considered a

A) teratogen.
B) diuretic.
C) phytochemical.
D) hyponatremia.

Question 41

About how much of our daily fluid needs does metabolic water provide?

A) 2%
B) 10%
C) 40%
D) 70%

Question 42

One of the most common, and completely preventable, causes of mental retardation in the United States is

A) type 1 diabetes.
B) fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).
C) cirrhosis.
D) hepatitis.

Question 43

The government agency that sets and monitors the standards for municipal water supplies is the

A) National Institutes of Health (NIH).
B) Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
C) United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
D) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Question 44

Water that comes from underground rock formations is called what kind of water?

A) ground
B) surface
C) distilled
D) organic

Question 45

What is the effect of alcohol poisoning on the brain?

A) stimulates the hypothalamus
B) depresses the hypothalamus
C) depresses the areas that control the lungs and heart
D) stimulates the prefrontal cortex

Question 46

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has no legal authority to regulate the contents of energy drinks because energy drinks are

A) considered alcoholic beverages.
B) classified as dietary supplements.
C) defined as food products.
D) regulated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).

Question 47

What does the most recent research suggest about the effectiveness of coconut water as an alternative to sports drinks or water?

A) Coconut water provides greater hydration than traditional sports drinks.
B) Coconut water more effectively improves exercise performance than water.
C) Sports beverages provide greater hydration than coconut water.
D) Coconut water is no more hydrating for athletes than plain water.

Question 48

Which of the following contains the most Calories?

A) 4-ounce pineapple daiquiri
B) 6-ounce glass of wine
C) 12-ounce can of beer
D) 12-ounce wine cooler

Question 49

Fat tissue contains a greater percentage of fluid as compared to lean tissue.

Question 50

The thirst mechanism is highly sensitive and responsive to changes in fluid balance, especially as we age.

Question 51

Overhydration is rare in healthy individuals.

Question 52

Men have a higher percentage of body fluid than women.

Question 53

Heatstroke can be fatal.

Question 54

As most foods contain very little water, the fluid contribution from food is insignificant.

Question 55

Consuming too much water can lead to hypertension.

Question 56

Because of their diuretic properties, caffeinated beverages should not be counted toward an individual's daily fluid intake.

Question 57

A pregnant woman can safely drink alcohol after the first three months of pregnancy.

Question 58

The alcohol consumed by a lactating woman can pass into the breast milk.

Question 59

Alcohol is considered a nutrient because it contains many B-complex vitamins.

Question 60

Because they absorb a higher percent of a given intake of alcohol, men are more susceptible to alcohol-related effects than women.

Question 61

Certain driving skills are impaired by blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) as low as 0.02%.

Question 62

Drinking coffee will restore sobriety to an intoxicated individual.

Question 63

Tea is not a good source of fluid because it is a diuretic and offers no health benefits.

Question 64

Thirst is always the best indicator of a fluid imbalance in the body.

Question 65

More than half of all adults in the United States regularly consume alcohol.

Question 66

The lining of the placenta keeps alcohol from entering the bloodstream of the developing fetus.

Question 67

Molly goes to the movies and consumes a piece of pizza, a diet cola, and a large tub of salted popcorn. Describe how Molly's body will regulate her fluid balance and adapt to this high-sodium meal.

Question 68

Describe how the body cools itself.

Question 69

Discuss three health benefits and three health risks associated with alcohol consumption.

Question 70

Fluids perform a number of functions in the body that are critical to life. List and discuss four of these functions.

Question 71

Why is consuming alcohol during pregnancy detrimental to the developing fetus?

Question 72

Discuss the physical and social consequences of alcohol abuse.

Question 73

Which of the following is likely to occur if one regularly consumes sports drinks without exercising?

A) hyponatremia
B) hypertension
C) weight gain
D) dehydration

Question 74

Drinking bottled water is safer and offers more health benefits than drinking from municipal water supplies.

Question 75

The government agency that regulates bottled water is the

A) Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
B) Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).
C) U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA).
D) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Question 76

Which of the following athletes would benefit from using a sports drink to meet their hydration needs?

A) a Little Leaguer
B) a weight lifter
C) a marathon runner
D) a gymnast

Question 77

The health benefits of rooibos tea include

A) decreased risk for stroke due to the tea's caffeine content.
B) decreased risk of heart attack due to the tea's flavonols.
C) antioxidant protection from the tea's phytochemicals.
D) increased levels of HDL-cholesterol from the tea's alcohol content.

Question 78

Hilary works long hours as a construction worker in the summer. How might Hilary benefit from drinking sports beverages?

Question 79

Worried about his binge drinking and its effects on his grades, Hank has turned to his friends for advice. Write a list of practical steps based on the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) recommendations that can help Hank cut down or stop drinking.

Question 80

One effective strategy for helping someone who abuses alcohol to seek treatment is

A) to provide excuses for the alcoholic's behavior.
B) to approach the person when intoxicated.
C) to give specific examples of negative consequences of the alcoholic's excessive drinking.
D) to protect the alcoholic from the consequences of alcohol abuse.