Deck 3: Antibiotics and Antimicrobial Agents: Mechanisms, Uses, and Side Effects

Question 1

Clonidine reflex hypertension which @-blocker we use to produce hypotension?

A) prazosin
B) Phen
C) Phen.

Answer 1

prazosin

Question 2

Used to provide short term relief of heart failure symptom:

A) fenoldopam
B) dopamine
C) isoproterenol
D) ritodrine
E) ephedrine

Answer 2

dopamine

Question 3

All of the following activate adenylyl cyclase and increase con. cAMP except

A) d1
B) d2
C) b1
D) b2
E) b3

Answer 3

d2

Question 4

Used to treat toxic shock syndrome?

Question 5

Not affected by muscrinic receptors?

A) Atrioventricular node
B) uterus
C) Sphenicter of iris muscle

Question 6

Atropine overdose cause each of the following excet?

A) Delirium
B) Tachycardia
C) Sedation

Question 7

Pilocarpine produce hypertension after initial hypotension via which RECEPTOR?

A) M1
B) M2
C) M3

Question 8

Among the following which is not a true sentence:

A) The cell walls of bacteria are essential for their normal growth
B) Peptidoglycan provides rigid mechanical stability tor bacterial cell wall
C) In gram-positive bacteria the cell wall is 50 to 100 molecules thick
D) The cell wall is 50 to 100 molecules thick in gram-negative bacteria
E) All the above

Question 9

Among the following which is the least resistant to B-lactamases:

A) Nafcillin
B) Oxacillin
C) Cloxacillin
D) Dicloxacillin
E) Penicillin

Question 10

Sulphonamides are almost obsolete nowadays because of all the following except:

A) Bacterial resistance
B) Their Toxicity
C) Their Bacteriostatic properties
D) Their bactericidal effects
E) They are associated with Blood dyscrasia

Question 11

Regarding Static effects of chemotherapeutic drug which is false:

A) Occurs when the toxic effects of a chemotherapeutic drug are reversible
B) Depends on the pharmacological properties of the drug
C) Occurs when the toxic effects of a chemotherapeutic drug are irreversible
D) Depends on the immune system function
E) All the above

Question 12

All the following B-lactamase inhibitor combinations are parenteral formulations except

A) ampicillin-sulboctam
B) ticorcillin-clavulanic ocid
C) piperacillin-tazobactam
D) amoxicillin-clauvlanic acid
E) All of the above

Question 13

Defining therapeutic success of pneumonia involves All of the following except

A) Purulent sputum production
B) Frequency of dosing
C) Normalization of the white blood cell count
D) Reversal of tachypnea and hypoxia
E) Resolution of fever

Question 14

Regarding Sulfonamides, which is true

A) They are considered as structural agonists of para-aminobenzoic acid(PABA)
B) They are considered as structural analogs and competitive antagonists of Folic acid
C) They are considered as structural analogs and competitive antagonists of para- aminobenzoic acid (PABA)
D) They are considered as structural antagonists of penicillin
E) None of the above

Question 15

Regarding antibiotics which is true

A) Patients should not be instructed to continue antibiotics for the full
Duration indicated if they feel better to avoid resistance
B) If the patient's recovery is delayed from what is reasonably expected the diagnosis should not be reconsidered
C) Influenza pneumonia and viral upper respiratory infections for example are usually controlled by antibiotics
D) Many patients receive lengthy courses of antibiotics that probably should not have been started
E) All of the above

Question 16

Regarding chemotherapy whice it is true

A) The less closely related the undesirable cells are the normal human cell,the more difficult the task of finding a magic bullet
B) The more closely related the undesirable cells are the normal human cell,the less difficult the task of finding a magic bullet
C) The more closely related the undesirable cells are the normal human cell,the more difficult the task of finding a magic bullet
D) Effective chemotherapeutic drug are not affective by the common legacy human share with all living organism
E) None of the above

Question 17

the synergism that occurs between aminoglycoside and B-lactam antibiotic drug is partially due to which of the following

A) B-lactam antibiotics will reverse the negative effects of both low pH and low oxygen tension on the ability of amionglycosides to penetrate bacteria.
B) B-lactam antibiotics will decrease pH and insduse aminoglycosides to penetrate bacteria.
C) B- lactam antibiotics will decrease oxygen and induce aminoglycosides to penetrate bacteria.
D) B-lactam antibiotics will decrease pH and inhibit aminoglycosides to penetrate bacteria.
E) All the above.

Question 18

regarding Beta lactam Antibiotics which is false

A) All contain a beta lactam ring
B) Work to inhibit cell wall synthesis
C) The beta lactam ring is the active functional group where antibiotic activity resides
D) Work to inhibit protein biosynthesis
E) All the above

Question 19

Regarding the clinical uses of nitrofurantoin which is false

A) The singular indication for nitrofurantoin is the treatment and long-term prophylaxis of lower UTIS caused by susceptible bacteria
B) it is used as a bacterial suppressant
C) It is often used prophylactically post intercourse in women with chronic UTIS
D) The bacteriostatic or bactericidal activity of nitrofurantoin is concentration dependent
E) None of the above

Question 20

Regarding the quinolone antibiotics which of the following is true

A) The quinolone antibiotics target bacterial RNA gyrase and
Topoisomeras
B) The quinolone antibiotics target bacterial DNA gyrase and Topoisomeras which is responsible for the continuous introduction of positive supercoils into RNA
C) The quinolone antibiotics target bacterial viral gyrase
D) The quinolone antibiotics target bacterial DNA gyrase and Topoisomeras which is responsible for the continuous introduction of negative supercoils into DNA
E) None of the above

Question 21

Regarding Erythromycins which is true

A) It has Same spectrum of penicillin, so substitutes in penicillin allergic patients.
B) It has very limited distribution in the body
C) It Cannot be given orally
D) Very toxic cannot be given to children
E) All the above Clear my choice

Question 22

Resistance to Chloramphenicol is due to

A) Changes in the ribosome binding site
B) Decreased affinity for the drug
C) Decreased permeability
D) Plasmids that code for enzymes that degrade it
E) All of the above

Question 23

Which of the following does not belong to quinolones

A) Nalidixic acid
B) Norfloxacin
C) Ciprofloxacin
D) Arsenic
E) Gatifloxacin

Question 24

Among the following which is true sentence

A) The cell walls of bacteria are not essential for their normal growth
B) Peptidoglycan provides rigid mechanical stability tor bacterial cell wall
C) In gram-negative bacteria the cell wall is 50 to 100 molecules thick
D) The cell wall is only 1 or 2 molecules thick in gram-positive bacteria
E) All the above

Question 25

Which of the following is a 3rd generation cephalosporin that has the best activity against P. aeruginosa infections

A) Cefixime
B) Cephamandole
C) Cefalexin
D) Cefoperazone
E) Cefepime

Question 26

The following drug is effective in treatment of meninigitis caused by Haemophyllus influenzae if administered orally

A) Penicillin G
B) Gentamicin
C) Chloramphenicol
D) Ticarcillin
E) Cefepime

Question 27

Each of the following statements concerning the mechanism of action of antimicrobial drugs is correct EXCEPT

A) ß-Lactams interfere with peptidoglycan cross-linking by binding to transpeptidases called PBPS
B) Sulfonamides affect folic acid synthesis in bacteria, a pathway that does not occur in human cells
C) Quinolones, such as ciprofloxacin, act by inhibiting the DNA gyrase of bacteria
D) Macrolides are bactericidal drugs that disrupt cell membranes by a detergent-like action
E) Aminoglycosides are bactericidal drugs that inhibit protein synthesis

Question 28

The following antibiotics-chemotherapeutic agents are primarily bactericidal

A) Sulfonamides
B) Aminoglycosides
C) Tetracyclines
D) Chloramphenicol
E) Clarithromycin

Question 29

Regarding Chloramphenicol which is false

A) Chloramphenicol is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract
B) 60% of the drug is bound to serum albumin
C) The potentially fatal nature of chloramphenicol induced bone marrow suppression restricts its use
D) Chloramphenicol is recognized as first choice treatment of choice for any bacterial infection
E) All the above

Question 30

Regarding the mechanism of action of chloramphenicol, the drug

A) Is bactericid
B) Binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit
C) Causes misreading of the code on the mRNA template
D) Inhibits transpeptidases
E) Stabilizes polysomes

Question 31

Which of the following antimycobacterial drug inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acids in bacterial cell wall

A) Daptomycin
B) Vancomycin
C) Basitracin
D) Izoniazid
E) Etambutol

Question 32

Which of the following antibiotic has an effect on bacterial DNA.

A) Amikacin
B) Bacitracin
C) Teicoplanin
D) Ciprofloxacin
E) Meropenem

Question 33

Which of the following doesn't belong to Aminoglycosides

A) Gentamicin
B) Tobramycin
C) Streptomycin
D) Neomycin
E) Clarithromycin

Question 34

Which of the following antibiotics has (have) good activity against Helicobacter pylori

A) Clarithromycin
B) Tetracycline
C) Azithromycin
D) A and C
E) All of the above

Question 35

Among the following antibiotics or chemotherapeutic agents, choose the one which best crosses the blood brain barrier

A) Penicillin
B) Cephalosporins
C) Chloramphenicol
D) Sulfa drugs
E) Macrolides

Question 36

All of the following are true regarding aminoglycosides; EXCEPT

A) They inhibit bacterial protein synthesis
B) They are bactericidal
C) They do not penetrate the BBB easily
D) Dose adjustment is not necessary in patients with renal impairment
E) They are ineffective orally in the management of meningitis

Question 37

Which of the following antibiotics you should use for a patient who is allergic only to penicillin and has been diagnosed to have enterococci infection

A) Vancomycin
B) Amoxicillin
C) Ceftriaxone
D) Cefepime
E) Cefotaxime

Question 38

Pseudomembraneous colitis has been reported following the use of

A) Penicillin G
B) Penicillin V
C) Flucloxacillin
D) Cephalexin
E) Clindamycin

Question 39

Red man syndrome is an adverse effect for which of the following agents

A) Amoxicillin
B) Imipenem
C) Cefazolin
D) Ceftriaxone
E) Vancomycin

Question 40

Aplastic anemia is reported complication of

A) Tigecycline
B) Nalidixic acid
C) Chloramphenicol
D) Sulfanilamide
E) Azithromycin

Question 41

Which is true about pseudomembranous colitis

A) Can be Treated by Vancomycin
B) It never treated by clindamycin
C) It is overgrowth of clostridium difficile
D) All of the above

Question 42

Parents of a 1-month-old baby are told their child has developed "gray baby syndrome." Which of the following antibiotics did the baby likelyreceive

A) Tobramycin
B) Linezolid
C) Ervthromycin
D) Chloramphenicol

Question 43

Which of the following antibiotics exhibits a long post antibiotic effect that permits once-daily dosing

A) Gentamicin
B) Penicillin G
C) Vancomycin
D) Aztreonam
E) None of the Above

Question 44

Methenamine effect is due to