Deck 5: Pharmacology: Understanding Drug Interactions and Effects

Question 1

The data presented in the figure below show that:

A) Drugs A and B have equal efficacy
B) Drug B and C have equal efficacy
C) Drug B is a partial agonist
D) Drugs A and C have the same affinity and efficacy
E) Drugs A and B have equal potency

Answer 1

Drugs A and B have equal efficacy

Question 2

Concerning competitive antagonism, which of the following sentence is correct?

A) Competitive antagonism is produced by antagonists that have the ability to activate receptors
B) With competitive antagonism, maximal drug effect cannot be obtained, even at high agonist concentrations
C) Competitive antagonism is based on reversible drug/antagonist binding at receptor sites
D) With competitive antagonism, the dose-effects curve is shifted to the left.
E) All of the above.

Answer 2

With competitive antagonism, the dose-effects curve is shifted to the left.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT an example of drug misuse

A) Not following the instructions when taking a prescription medication
B) Taking a friend's prescription medication to treat headache
C) Taking an over-the-counter medication more often than is recommended
D) Regular use of increasing amounts of cocaine to get high
E) None of the above

Answer 3

Regular use of increasing amounts of cocaine to get high

Question 4

The development of tolerance to a drug is accompanied by an increase in which of the following parameters of that drug?

A) Maximal efficacy
B) Therapeutic index
C) Effective dose
D) Potency
E) All of the above

Question 5

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Always you should write the drug chemical name in your prescription
B) For a drug with high plasma protein binding capacity, lower plasma protein level in children means that the free drug will be less
C) Metabolism is always more or in adults than children
D) Stopping a drug can be a cause of an adverse effect.
E) The risk benefit: ration for any drug is constant for the human life stages.

Question 6

If the effect of combination of two drugs is equal to the sum of their individual effects, the two drugs are exhibiting?.

A) Antagonism
B) Potentiation
C) Synergism
D) Additive

Question 7

Which term describes the use of a drug for a purpose which it was not intended?

A) Misuse
B) habitual
C) Addiction
D) Tolerance
E) Abuse

Question 8

High plasma protein binding

A) Increases the volume of distribution of the drug
B) Facilitates glomerular filtration of the drug
C) Generally makes the drug long acting
D) Minimizes drug interactions
E) Makes the drugs more potent

Question 9

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Receptor in our bodies are in a dynamic state
B) In a patient, a response to a low dose to a drug is likely followed by an indefinitely increasing response as the dose is increased
C) Always you should write the drug trade name in your prescription
D) Regardless the tissue site of the receptor, activation of a receptor in the body always produces the same effect.
E) None of the above

Question 10

The therapeutic index of a drug is a measure of its

A) Dose variability
B) Additive
C) Safety
D) Potency
E) Efficacy

Question 11

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) hypersensitivity reactions is classified as augmented (dose dependent) drug reaction.
B) Variation in response to a drug among different individuals is most likely to occur with a drug showing narrow therapeutic index.
C) If the TD50 is much higher than the ED50 then the drug is described as a narrow therapeutic drug
D) Potency is indicated by the height of the log dose response
E) It is safe to consume as much as you want from the OTC drugs.

Question 12

Amer was poisoned with a drug that antagonize receptor A irreversibly, which of the following is an appropriate pharmacological intervention?

A) To give drug that increase the metabolism of Drug A
B) To give receptor A non-competitive antagonist
C) To give receptor A non-competitive agonist
D) To give another drug that is an agonist to a different receptor, such receptor has the same physiological function as receptor A
E) To give another drug that is an agonist to a different receptor, such receptor has opposite physiological function to receptor A

Question 13

Isoproterenol produces maximal contraction of cardiac muscle in a manner similar to epinephrineWhich of the following best describes isoproterenol?

A) Full agonist.
B) Partial agonist.
C) Competitive antagonist.
D) Irreversible antagonist.
E) Inverse agonist.

Question 14

2 If 10 mg of naproxen produces the same analgesic response as 100 mg of ibuprofen, which of the following statements is correct?

A) Naproxen is more efficacious than is ibuprofen.
B) Naproxen is more potent than ibuprofen.
C) Naproxen is a full agonist, and ibuprofen is a partial agonist.
D) Naproxen is a competitive antagonist.
E) Naproxen is a better drug to take for pain relief than is ibuprofen.

Question 15

If 10 mg of morphine produces a greater analgesic response than can be achieved by ibuprofen at any dose, which of the following statements is correct?

A) Morphine is less efficacious than is ibuprofen.
B) Morphine is less potent than is ibuprofen.
C) Morphine is a full agonist, and ibuprofen is a partial agonist.
D) Ibuprofen is a competitive antagonist.
E) Morphine is a better drug to take for pain relief than is ibuprofen

Question 16

In the presence of naloxone, a higher concentration of morphine is required to elicit full pain relief. Naloxone by itself has no effect. Which of the following is correct regarding these medications?

A) Naloxone is a competitive antagonist.
B) Morphine is a full agonist, and naloxone is a partial agonist.
C) Morphine is less efficacious than is naloxone.
D) Morphine is less potent than is naloxone.
E) Naloxone is a noncompetitive antagonist

Question 17

In the presence of pentazocine, a higher concentration of morphine is required to elicit full pain relief. Pentazocine by itself has a smaller analgesic effect than does morphine, even at the highest dose. Which of the following is correct regarding these medications?

A) Pentazocine is a competitive antagonist.
B) Morphine is a full agonist, and pentazocine is a partial agonist.
C) Morphine is less efficacious than is pentazocine.
D) Morphine is less potent than is pentazocine.
E) Pentazocine is a noncompetitive antagonist.

Question 18

In the presence of picrotoxin, diazepam is less efficacious at causing sedation, regardless of the dose. Picrotoxin by itself has no sedative effect even at the highest dose. Which of the following is correct?

A) Picrotoxin is a competitive antagonist.
B) Diazepam is a full agonist, and picrotoxin is a partial agonist.
C) Diazepam is less efficacious than is picrotoxin.
D) Diazepam is less potent than is picrotoxin.
E) Picrotoxin is a noncompetitive antagonist

Question 19

Which of the following would up-regulate postsynaptic β1 adrenergic receptors?

A) Daily use of amphetamine that causes norepinephrine to be released.
B) A disease that causes an increase in the activity of norepinephrine neurons.
C) Daily use of isoproterenol, a β1 receptor agonist.
D) Daily use of formoterol, a β2 receptor agonist.
E) Daily use of propranolol, a β1 receptor antagonist.

Question 20

Which of the following parameters is used to indicate the ability of a drug to produce the desired therapeutic effect relative to a toxic effect?

A) Potency
B) Intrinsic activity
C) TI
D) Efficacy
E) Bioavailability

Question 21

Concerning drug receptor interactions, the constant Kd refers to:

A) maximal physiological effect
B) maximal binding
C) the drug concentration required to occupy 50% of receptors
D) drug concentration that results in half-maximal physiological response
E) all of the above

Question 22

EC50 mainly reflexs a drug's:

A) maximal effect
B) potency
C) lethality
D) ease of elimination
E) safety

Question 23

Drug effects are thought to be proportional to the number of occupied receptors

Question 24

True statement(s) concerning competitive inhibition:

A) competitive in addition is based on reversible drug/antagonist binding at receptor sites
B) with competitive inhibition, the dose-effects curve the shifted to the left
C) with competitive inhibition, maximal drug effect cannot be obtained, even at high agonist
Concentrations
D) all the above

Question 25

An example of a receptor which is a structural protein.

A) Na/K ATPase
B) acetylcholinesterase
C) tubulin
D) DNA
E) phospholipase C

Question 26

An example of an agent that exerts much of its effects through intracellular receptors that in complex form binds to DNA response elements:

A) acetylcholine
B) dopamine
C) corticosteroids
D) diltiazem
E) atropine

Question 27

Factors that may cause variation in drug responsiveness:

A) changes in the number or function of receptors
B) tachyphylaxis
C) idiosyncratic drug responses
D) hypersensitivity reactions
E) all of the above

Question 28

Major roles of receptors:

A) determine rate of drug elimination
B) determine drug action selectivity
C) provide a means of blocking drug action as well as mediating drug action
D) act as drug storage sites
E) b+c