Deck 1: Self, Mind, and Body

Question 1

In "A Dialogue with Death," Death praises Nachiketas for following the path of pleasure.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

According to the teachings of Hinduism, the soul dies when the body dies.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

According to Locke, being the same substance is necessary for being the same person.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Locke claims that having the same body is crucial to being the same man.

Question 5

Buddhists generally deny the existence of a fixed self-identity or soul.

Question 6

In the "Questions of King Milinda on the Self," Nagasena rejects the doctrine of reincarnation.

Question 7

Hume's views on the self have more in common with Buddhist views than with Hindu views.

Question 8

Hume denies the existence of a fixed, enduring self.

Question 9

Unlike Hume, Schopenhauer defends the doctrine of reincarnation.

Question 10

According to Schopenhauer, the will to live is impersonal.

Question 11

According to Socrates/Plato, a true philosopher welcomes death.

Question 12

Plato believes that the soul and body have many characteristics in common.

Question 13

Descartes argues that the soul and body never interact with each other.

Question 14

Descartes can be correctly classified as a dualist.

Question 15

Parfit claims that the Bundle Theory of the self is more defensible than the Ego Theory of the self.

Question 16

Parfit argues that the findings of modern science are irrelevant to the question of self-identity.

Question 17

Foucault claims that the body is the prison of the soul.

Question 18

Foucault does not believe that knowledge can be divorced from power.

Question 19

According to Sheets-Johnstone, women inspire male sexual desire simply by existing.

Question 20

Sheets-Johnstone claims that a person's sex life is totally determined by social and cultural influences.

Question 21

Dennett describes himself as being a philosopher of firm physicalist conviction.

Question 22

In his fictional story in the book, Dennett's biological brain is severed from his body as a result of an automobile accident.

Question 23

Zarathustra tells the saint in the forest that God is dead.

Question 24

Nietzsche rejects the dualism between mind or soul and body.

Question 25

According to Freud, the "I" is fully conscious.

Question 26

Freud says that the crucial repressions all take place in early childhood.

Question 27

Mead says that many human actions can take place without the accompaniment of self.

Question 28

According to Mead, a multiple personality is in a certain sense normal.

Question 29

Skinner is a strong defender of human freedom.

Question 30

Skinner claims that behavior determined by positive reinforcement is compatible with a feeling of freedom.

Question 31

Sartre says that existentialists are usually accused of being too optimistic.

Question 32

According to Sartre, existence precedes essence.

Question 33

Like Sartre, de Beauvoir can be correctly classified as an existentialist.

Question 34

De Beauvoir argues that femininity is a fixed essence secreted by the ovaries.

Question 35

According to Zack, in American society racial categories are disjunctive.

Question 36

Zack says that she has a problem with being of mixed race.

Question 37

The Hindu term for one's enduring self or soul is .

A) maya.
B) Atman.
C) mantra.
D) Yoga.

Question 38

In "A Dialogue with Death," the term Brahman refers to .

A) a type of meditation.
B) the most ancient part of the Vedas.
C) the path of wisdom.
D) the ultimate reality.

Question 39

According to Locke, personhood or selfhood is determined by .

A) bodily identity.
B) unity of consciousness.
C) unity of substance.
D) the interaction of soul and body.

Question 40

The ancient Greek philosopher to whom Locke alludes in the text is .

A) Aristotle.
B) Plato.
C) Socrates.
D) Empedocles.

Question 41

The Buddhist term for the denial of soul is .

A) anatman.
B) sangha.
C) Atman.
D) Nirvana.

Question 42

One of the analogies used by Nagasena to support his position is the analogy of the .

A) cow.
B) bow and arrow.
C) chariot.
D) cave.

Question 43

Hume claims that human beings consist of .

A) a bundle of impressions.
B) a disembodied soul.
C) physical substance.
D) ideas in the mind of God.

Question 44

According to Hume, belief in substance or fixed identity results from .

A) a mistaken use of mathematical reasoning.
B) analogical reasoning about the soul.
C) the tendency to overlook gradual changes in what is being observed.
D) belief in God.

Question 45

Schopenhauer claims that his insight into the true nature of his existence derives from .

A) empirical knowledge.
B) scientific reasoning.
C) transcendental knowledge.
D) deductive argumentation.

Question 46

According to Schopenhauer, everything that exists is .

A) a manifestation of an impersonal will to live.
B) composed of indestructible atoms.
C) eternally unchanging.
D) a bundle of impressions.

Question 47

In the Phaedo, the dialogue between Socrates and his followers takes place in .

A) the Athenian marketplace.
B) Socrates' house.
C) the Parthenon.
D) Socrates' prison cell.

Question 48

Socrates/Plato says that the soul is similar to .

A) the body.
B) the breath of God.
C) perfect, unchanging realities.
D) spiritual atoms.

Question 49

According to Descartes, thinking is found .

A) only in the body.
B) only in the soul.
C) in both the body and soul.
D) only in the brain.

Question 50

Descartes claims that the interaction between soul and body takes place in .

A) the left ventricle of the heart.
B) the crown of the head.
C) the center of the spinal chord.
D) a small gland in the brain.

Question 51

Parfit says that he was drawn into the study of philosophy by .

A) reading the works of Freud.
B) thinking about split brain cases.
C) meditating on Buddhist writings.
D) taking a class in philosophy.

Question 52

Parfit compares his own views on the self to the views of .

A) Plato.
B) Hume.
C) Descartes.
D) the Buddha.

Question 53

Foucault claims that the political investment of the body is linked to its .

A) economic utilization.
B) physiological comportment.
C) aesthetic perception.
D) phenomenological development.

Question 54

Foucault discusses Kantorowitz's analysis of the .

A) anatomy of the soul.
B) body of the king.
C) origin of the prison.
D) macrophysics of power.

Question 55

According to Sheets-Johnstone, females are turned into docile bodies by .

A) restricting them to menial occupations.
B) denying them sexual satisfaction.
C) keeping them under the threat of male eyes.
D) not allowing them to dance.

Question 56

The literary work that Sheets-Johnstone cites as testifying to the corporeal archetype of female docile bodies is .

A) Venus in Furs.
B) The Second Sex.
C) Romeo and Juliet.
D) The Story of O.

Question 57

At the end of the story, Dennett's biological brain is .

A) reconnected with his body.
B) destroyed and replaced by an electronic brain.
C) still in a vat of fluid in a laboratory.
D) transplanted in a female body.

Question 58

Which of the following names is not used to name one of Dennett's components? .

A) Fortinbras
B) Iago
C) Hamlet
D) Yorick

Question 59

One of Nietzsche's terms for the creative individual is the .

A) last man.
B) superior man.
C) superman.
D) supreme man.

Question 60

Zarathustra says that in the final metamorphosis the lion becomes a .

A) child.
B) camel.
C) dragon.
D) warrior.

Question 61

Freud claims that the "it" acts in accordance with the .

A) reality principle.
B) libidinal principle.
C) psychoanalytic principle.
D) pleasure principle.

Question 62

In order to explain why psychoanalytic treatment takes so long, Freud uses the metaphor of .

A) a submarine that dives to the bottom of a deep ocean.
B) a doctor that has to perform delicate surgery.
C) an army that has to overcome the enemy's resistance.
D) a young girl who has been sexually molested.

Question 63

According to Mead, the self .

A) is indistinguishable from the body.
B) is essentially a social structure.
C) exists at birth.
D) is primarily the physiological organism.

Question 64

Mead is best classified as .

A) an atheistic existentialist.
B) a hedonistic utilitarian.
C) an evolutionary behaviorist.
D) an organic physiologist.

Question 65

Skinner is best classified as .

A) a behaviorist.
B) an existentialist.
C) a libertarian.
D) a depth psychologist.

Question 66

The character in Walden Two who states and defends Skinner's position is .

A) Watson.
B) Castle.
C) Frazier.
D) Newton.

Question 67

Which of the following moods is not discussed by Sartre in the text? .

A) despair
B) forlornness
C) jealousy
D) anguish

Question 68

Sartre refers to the position that he is defending as .

A) humanistic naturalism.
B) Christian existentialism.
C) egalitarian communism.
D) atheistic existentialism.

Question 69

De Beauvoir's term for the human ability to choose one's own goals and projects is .

A) facticity.
B) self-determination.
C) transcendence.
D) internalization.

Question 70

According to de Beauvoir, women have been traditionally relegated to the role of the .

A) essential.
B) nonexistent.
C) equal.
D) other.

Question 71

Zack's mother was .

A) African American.
B) Jewish.
C) Native American.
D) Polish.

Question 72

According to Zack, self-emancipation is a social activity that begins with .

A) a recognition of rights.
B) a third-person judgment.
C) a positive self-valuation.
D) a denial of self.

Question 73

Carefully explain the views on the nature of the self that are presented in "A Dialogue with Death." How do these views compare with/differ from your own beliefs about the nature of the self?

Question 74

What is the principal question that Nachiketas asks Death in "A Dialogue with Death?" How does Death answer this question? Do you find this answer acceptable? Why or why not?

Question 75

What are the essential differences between Locke's views on the nature of self-identity and the views presented in "A Dialogue with Death?" What, if anything, do the two positions have in common?

Question 76

Carefully explain the factors that, according to Locke, would allow us to ascribe identity to a person. How does being the same person differ from being the same man (or woman)? Do you think that it makes sense to distinguish being the same person from being the same man (or woman)? Why or why not?

Question 77

Compare and contrast the Buddhist conception of the nature of the self with the views of Locke. Which of these conceptions more closely resembles the Hindu conception of the nature of the self? Defend your answer.

Question 78

Describe two of the analogies that Nagasena uses in "The Questions of King Milinda on the Self." What are these analogies intended to show? Do you find these analogies convincing? Why or why not?

Question 79

Compare and contrast Hume's views on the nature of the self with the views of the Buddhist monk Nagasena. What does each of them say about the possibility of human immortality? Do you agree with either of these positions? If so, which one and why? If not, why not?

Question 80

Carefully explain Hume's reasoning for rejecting belief in self-identity and the identity of external objects. Then construct the best argument that you can to try to convince Hume that he is mistaken in rejecting these beliefs.