Deck 29: Adrenocorticosteroids

Question 1

Drugs with mineralocorticoid-like activity (aldosterone agonists)are typically administered

A) to treat hypertension
B) to treat inflammation
C) as replacement therapy in people with low renin-angiotensin system activity
D) as replacement therapy whenever the natural production of mineralocorticoids is impaired
E) all the above are true

Answer 1

as replacement therapy whenever the natural production of mineralocorticoids is impaired

Question 2

In humans,the primary mineralocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex is _____,and the primary glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex is _______.

A) progesterone; testosterone
B) testosterone; estrogen
C) estrogen; aldosterone
D) aldosterone; cortisol
E) cortisol; progesterone

Answer 2

aldosterone; cortisol

Question 3

Glucocorticoids exert their anti-inflammatory effects by

A) increasing the transcription of proteins that decrease inflammation
B) decreasing the transcription of inflammatory cytokines, enzymes, and other inflammatory proteins
C) decreasing vascular permeability and helping control swelling and erythema at the site of inflammation
D) all of the above are true
E) A and B only are true

Answer 3

all of the above are true

Question 4

Mineralocorticoid antagonists such as spironolactone and eplerenone are used primarily

A) as diuretics in treating hypertension and heart failure.
B) as anti-inflammatory agents in treating rheumatoid arthritis
C) as immunosuppressants in treating rheumatoid arthritis
D) as replacement therapy for people with adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison disease)
E) none of the above are true

Question 5

In general,steroids alter protein synthesis in responsive cells through a direct effect on the cell's

A) ribosomes
B) nucleus
C) golgi apparatus
D) mitochondria
E) lysosomes

Question 6

Glucocorticoids are released from the adrenal cortex

A) on a daily basis, usually around 8:00 a.m. in most humans
B) in response to stressful stimuli (trauma, fever, and so forth)
C) in response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from the anterior pituitary
D) all the above are true
E) none of the above are true

Question 7

Glucocorticoids should be withdrawn slowly after several weeks or months of use,because the ______ needs time to resume normal function when these drugs are discontinued.

A) liver
B) kidneys
C) adrenal gland
D) thyroid gland
E) pancreas

Question 8

From a physical therapy perspective,the most important adverse effect seen in patients taking systemic glucocorticoid (anti-inflammatory steroid)drugs is

A) hypertension
B) aggravation of diabetes mellitus
C) aggravation of stomach ulcers
D) increased chance of infection
E) tissue catabolism (breakdown)

Question 9

Prolonged,systemic administration of glucocorticoids can produce

A) osteoporosis
B) muscle wasting
C) hypertension
D) suppression of the adrenal gland
E) all the above are true

Question 10

Replacement doses of glucocorticoids (e.g.cortisol)and mineralocortoids (e.g.aldosterone)are typically administered to maintain optimal health in patients with

A) Addison disease
B) Cushing syndrome
C) hypertension
D) severe muscle wasting (hypercatabolic state)
E) all the above

Question 11

Cortisol and other glucocorticoids exert a paradoxical or contradictory effect on glucose metabolism because they _____ circulating levels of glucose at the same time that they ______ glycogen storage in the liver.

A) increase; increase
B) increase; decrease
C) decrease; decrease
D) decrease; increase
E) none of the above are true; glucocorticoids do not affect glucose metabolism

Question 12

Mineralocorticoids such as aldosterone act on the kidneys to _____

A) increase sodium excretion
B) increase water excretion
C) increase potassium reabsorption
D) all the above are true
E) none of the above are true