Deck 7: Drugs to Treat Affective Disorders Depression and Bipolar Syndrome

Question 1

Lithium has a tendency to accumulate in the body and reaches toxic levels (lithium toxicity)because

A) lithium elimination takes place almost exclusively through excretion in the urine
B) lithium is metabolized by hepatic enzymes
C) lithium is not absorbed easily from the GI tract
D) all the above are true
E) none of the above are true

Answer 1

lithium elimination takes place almost exclusively through excretion in the urine

Question 2

The cornerstone of drug treatment for bipolar syndrome (manic-depression)consists of

A) tricylic antipressants
B) monoamine oxidase inhibitors
C) selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
D) lithium
E) dopamine agonists

Answer 2

lithium

Question 3

Patients who begin antidepressant drug therapy often experience a delay of at least ______ before they notice a decrease in depression.

A) 1 to 2 minutes
B) 1 to 2 hours
C) 1 to 2 days
D) 1 to 2 weeks
E) none of the above are true

Answer 3

1 to 2 weeks

Question 4

Aside from their antidepressant effects,tricyclic antidepressants such as amitriptyline and nortriptyline may be useful in treating

A) chronic pain syndromes
B) hypertension
C) viral infections
D) bacterial infections
E) gastric ulcers

Question 5

Upon reaching the brain,most antidepressant drugs affect

A) amine neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and serotonin
B) amino acids such as leucine and isoleucine
C) carbohydrates such as glucose and fructose
D) acetylcholine
E) cerebral blood flow

Question 6

Antidepressant drugs that inhibit the ______ enzyme allow more amine neurotransmitters to remain in the synaptic cleft and continue to exert an effect in CNS synapses involved in depression.

A) cholinesterase
B) sodium-potassium ATPase
C) monoamine oxidase
D) choline acetyltransferase
E) dopa decarboxylase

Question 7

Certain newer or second-generation antidepressants such as fluoxetine (Prozac),paroxetine (Paxil),and sertraline (Zoloft)have received attention because of their ability to selectively affect ______ reuptake at certain CNS synapses.

A) norepinephrine
B) dopamine
C) acetylcholine
D) 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin)
E) gama-amino butyric acid (GABA)

Question 8

Tricyclic antidepressants work by ______ the reuptake of ______ into the presynaptic terminal of certain CNS neurons.

A) increasing; amine neurotransmitters
B) inhibiting; amine neurotransmitters
C) increasing; amino acids
D) inhibiting; amino acids
E) increasing; acetylcholine

Question 9

Antidepressant drugs that selectively affect 5-hydroxytryptamine neurotransmission may also cause "serotonin syndrome" which is characterized by

A) sweating
B) shivering
C) movement disorders (severe restlessness, dystonias, dyskinesias)
D) muscle fasciculations
E) all the above are true

Question 10

According to the neurogenesis basis for depression,antidepressant drugs may increase the CNS production of ____,thereby leading to increased synaptic connections in the _____.

A) dopamine; basal ganglia
B) dopamine; hippocampus
C) brain-derived neurotrophic factor; basal ganglia
D) brain-derived neurotrophic factor; hippocampus
E) acetylcholine; cerebellum