Question 1

When compared to traditional opioid analgesia,patient controlled analgesia may provide adequate pain control,but there is also&#10;A) an increased risk of side effects such as sedation, pruritus, and gastrointestinal problems&#10;B) an increased risk of tolerance and physical dependence&#10;C) decreased patient satisfaction with the PCA technique&#10;D) all the above are true&#10;E) none of the above are true

Accepted Answer

none of the above are true

Question 2

The amount of drug that is self-administered by the patient each time he or she activates a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)device is known as the&#10;A) loading dose&#10;B) demand dose&#10;C) background infusion rate&#10;D) minimal dosage rate&#10;E) maximal dosage rate

Accepted Answer

The amount of drug that is self-administered by the patient each time he or she activates a patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) device is known as the demand dose. This allows the patient to have control over their pain management by only administering the medication when they feel they need it. The loading dose is an initial higher dose given at the start of PCA to quickly achieve a therapeutic level. The background infusion rate is a continuous low-dose infusion of medication to help maintain a baseline level of pain relief. The minimal and maximal dosage rates refer to the minimum and maximum amounts of medication that can be delivered by the PCA device.

Question 3

During patient-controlled analgesia (PCA),the lockout interval is&#10;A) the time between the end of surgery and the start of PCA&#10;B) the time between activation of the delivery device and the onset of analgesia&#10;C) the number of days that PCA is used before switching to more traditional pain medications&#10;D) the minimum amount of time between each demand dose&#10;E) the minimum amount of time between each loading dose

Accepted Answer

The lockout interval is the minimum amount of time between each demand dose during PCA. This is to prevent the patient from administering too much medication too frequently, which can lead to dangerous side effects. The other options are not related to the lockout interval.

Question 4

Patient-controlled analgesia can be administered via all of the following routes EXCEPT&#10;A) transdermal&#10;B) epidural&#10;C) inhalation&#10;D) administration into a peripheral vein&#10;E) administration into a central vein

Accepted Answer

Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) allows patients to manage their pain by self-administering doses of analgesics. It is commonly used via routes such as transdermal, epidural, and intravenous (both peripheral and central veins). Inhalation is not a standard route for PCA because it is difficult to control and monitor the dosage accurately.

Question 5

The technique where the patient self-administers small doses of a pain medication (usually an opioid)at relatively frequent intervals to provide optimal pain relief is known commonly as&#10;A) traditional oral pain medication&#10;B) intracranial drug delivery&#10;C) patient-controlled analgesia&#10;D) continuous transdermal drug administration&#10;E) none of the above are true

Accepted Answer

The technique described in the question is commonly known as patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). Option A (traditional oral pain medication) does not accurately describe the specific technique of self-administration at frequent intervals. Option B (intracranial drug delivery) and option D (continuous transdermal drug administration) refer to specific routes of drug administration and do not necessarily involve self-administration by the patient. Option E (none of the above are true) is not the correct answer as option C accurately describes the technique being asked about.

Question 6

When opioids (e.g.,morphine,meperidine)are administered via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA),a low dose of ____ can be administered along with the opioid to reduce the amount of opioid needed to produce an adequate analgesic effect.

A) an NSAID such as toradol
B) a general anesthetic such as ketamine
C) an antipsychotic such as droperidol
D) an opioid receptor antagonist (blocker) such as naloxone
E) all the above

Accepted Answer

Low doses of NSAIDs, general anesthetics like ketamine, and antipsychotics such as droperidol can all be used alongside opioids in PCA to enhance analgesia and reduce the required opioid dose. This multimodal approach helps in managing pain effectively while minimizing opioid-related side effects.

Question 7

The use of a single large dose of pain medication to establish analgesia prior to patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)is known as&#10;A) the loading dose&#10;B) the demand dose&#10;C) the background infusion rate&#10;D) the postoperative sedative&#10;E) none of the above are true

Accepted Answer

The use of a single large dose of pain medication to establish analgesia prior to patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is known as the loading dose. This helps to quickly achieve pain control and build up a therapeutic level of medication in the patient's bloodstream.

Question 8

Patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEI)is achieved by administering drugs directly into the&#10;A) superior vena cava&#10;B) right atrium of the heart&#10;C) third ventricle of the brain&#10;D) subarachnoid space&#10;E) none of the above are true

Accepted Answer

Patient Controlled Epidural Analgesia (PCEA) involves administering drugs into the epidural space, not the subarachnoid space or any of the locations listed in options A, B, or C. Therefore, none of the provided options correctly describe the administration site for PCEA.

Deck 17: Patient Controlled Analgesia