Deck 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture,1790-1860

Question 1

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Robert Owen

Answer 1

Student answers will vary.

Question 2

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
William Miller

Answer 2

Student answers will vary.

Question 3

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Sylvester Graham

Answer 3

Student answers will vary.

Question 4

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Elizabeth Blackwell

Question 5

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Washington Irving

Question 6

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Oliver Wendell Holmes

Question 7

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Horace Mann

Question 8

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Dorothea Dix

Question 9

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Noah Webster

Question 10

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Susan B.Anthony

Question 11

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Ralph Waldo Emerson

Question 12

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Peter Cartwright

Question 13

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Lucretia Mott

Question 14

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Edgar Allan Poe

Question 15

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Stephen Foster

Question 16

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Question 17

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
James Russell Lowell

Question 18

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Henry David Thoreau

Question 19

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Nathaniel Hawthorne

Question 20

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
James Fenimore Cooper

Question 21

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Maine Law

Question 22

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Charles G.Finney

Question 23

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Gilbert Stuart

Question 24

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Louisa May Alcott

Question 25

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Herman Melville

Question 26

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

Question 27

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Brigham Young

Question 28

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
John J.Audubon

Question 29

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Unitarianism

Question 30

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Joseph Smith

Question 31

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Francis Parkman

Question 32

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Phineas T.Barnum

Question 33

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
William H.McGuffey

Question 34

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Margaret Fuller

Question 35

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Walt Whitman

Question 36

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Second Great Awakening

Question 37

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
American Temperance Society

Question 38

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Shakers

Question 39

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Thomas Paine

Question 40

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Emma Willard

Question 41

Unitarians endorsed the concept of

A) the deity of Christ.
B) original sin.
C) free will and salvation through good works.
D) predestination.
E) the Bible as the norm of doctrine.

Question 42

Church attendance was still a regular ritual for ____ of the 23 million Americans in 1850.

A) one-third
B) one-half
C) three-fourths
D) less than one-fourth
E) two-thirds

Question 43

All the following are true of the Second Great Awakening except that it

A) resulted in the conversion of countless souls.
B) encouraged a variety of humanitarian reforms.
C) strengthened democratic denominations like the Baptists and Methodists.
D) was a reaction against the growing liberalism in religion.
E) was not as large as the First Great Awakening.

Question 44

A third revolution accompanied the reformation of American politics and the transformation of the American economy in the mid-nineteenth century,which contained all of the following characteristics except

A) improved the character of ordinary Americans.
B) made Americans more upstanding and God-fearing.
C) focused on preserving the traditions of the founders.
D) made Americans more literate and educated.
E) poured their energies into religious revivals and reform movements.

Question 45

Deists like Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin endorsed the belief

A) in divine revelation.
B) in original sin.
C) in the deity of Christ.
D) that a Supreme Being endowed human beings with a capacity for moral behavior.
E) in the imminent end of the world.

Question 46

Unitarians held the following beliefs except

A) the belief that God existed in only one person.
B) the denial of the divinity of Christ.
C) they stressed the essential goodness of human nature.
D) they believed in the possibility of salvation through good works.
E) they believed in a stern and Puritan type of God.

Question 47

By 1850,organized religion in America

A) retained the rigor of colonial religion.
B) was ignored by three-fourths of the people.
C) had lost some of its austere Calvinist rigor.
D) had grown more conservative.
E) had become tied to the upper classes.

Question 48

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Oneida Community

Question 49

The Second Great Awakening partly reshaped American religion by making it

A) more dependent on a college-educated clergy.
B) more reliant on women as members and social reformers.
C) less socially and theologically diverse.
D) more sympathetic to hierarchical churches like Catholicism.
E) more centered on the life of the local parish.

Question 50

The Deist faith embraced all of the following except

A) the concept of original sin.
B) the reliance on reason rather than revolution.
C) belief in a Supreme Being.
D) belief in human beings' capacity for moral behavior.
E) denial of the divinity of Christ.

Question 51

Religious revivals of the Second Great Awakening resulted in

A) little increase in church membership.
B) a strong religious influence in many areas of American life.
C) surprisingly few humanitarian reforms.
D) greater attention to church history and doctrine.
E) increase in enlightenment and rational religion.

Question 52

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Declaration of Sentiments

Question 53

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
transcendentalism

Question 54

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Knickerbocker Group

Question 55

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Women's Rights Convention

Question 56

As the greatest of the revivalist preachers,Charles Grandison Finney advocated

A) opposition to slavery.
B) a perfect Christian kingdom on earth.
C) opposition to alcohol.
D) public prayer by women.
E) All of these

Question 57

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Mormons

Question 58

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Hudson River School

Question 59

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Burned-Over District

Question 60

Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
Millerites

Question 61

The Second Great Awakening tended to

A) promote religious diversity.
B) reduce social class differences.
C) blur regional differences.
D) discourage church membership.
E) weaken women's social position.

Question 62

All of the following were nineteenth century notions of gender differences except

A) women had finely-tuned moral sensibilities.
B) men were charged with teaching young boys to be good and productive citizens.
C) the home was women's special sphere, the centerpiece of the cult of domesticity.
D) men were always in danger of slipping into some savage way of life, if not for women's influence.
E) women could be legally beaten by husbands.

Question 63

The religious zeal of the Second Great Awakening led to the founding of many small,denominational,liberal arts colleges,chiefly in the

A) East.
B) South and West.
C) North.
D) South exclusively.
E) West exclusively.

Question 64

All of the following contributed to the appeal of the Second Great Awakening to women except

A) it offered women an active role in bringing their husbands and families back to God.
B) it encouraged women to leave home and travel with the evangelical movement.
C) it provided a springboard for them to turn their attention to reforming society.
D) it preached a gospel of female spiritual worth.
E) it allayed women's concerns about the expanding market economy.

Question 65

Many of the denominational liberal arts colleges founded as a result of the Second Great Awakening

A) were academically distinguished institutions.
B) lacked much intellectual vitality.
C) eventually gained tax-supported status.
D) offered a new, nontraditional curriculum.
E) opened their doors to Catholic students.

Question 66

Tax-supported public education

A) existed mainly for the wealthy.
B) eliminated private and parochial education in the United States.
C) began in the South as early as 1800.
D) provided little opportunity for the poor.
E) was deemed essential for social stability and democracy.

Question 67

The idea of free public education as an essential component of American democracy grew in the early nineteenth century with the influence of

A) Thomas Jefferson and Horace Mann.
B) Daniel Webster and Abraham Lincoln.
C) Charles Finney and Henry Ward Beecher.
D) Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
E) Herman Melville and Nathaniel Hawthorne.

Question 68

The religious sects that gained most from the revivalism of the Second Great Awakening were the

A) Roman Catholics and Episcopalians.
B) Unitarians and Adventists.
C) Methodists and Baptists.
D) Congregationalists and Presbyterians.
E) Lutherans and Mennonites.

Question 69

New England reformer Dorothea Dix is most notable for her efforts on behalf of

A) prison and asylum reform.
B) the peace movement.
C) the temperance movement.
D) abolitionism.
E) women's education.

Question 70

The original prophet of the Mormon religion was

A) Ralph Waldo Emerson.
B) Brigham Young.
C) Charles G. Finney.
D) the angel Moroni.
E) Joseph Smith.

Question 71

Besides polygamy,a characteristic of Mormonism that angered many non-Mormon Americans was their

A) belief in visions and a special spiritual role for America.
B) constant movement toward the western frontier.
C) refusal to take up arms and defend themselves.
D) emphasis on cooperative efforts, voting as a unit and openly drilling their militia.
E) dislike of federal government control of their lives.

Question 72

Two areas where women in the nineteenth century were widely thought to be superior to men were

A) physical strength and mental vigor.
B) moral sensibility and artistic refinement.
C) political ability and organizational shrewdness.
D) sexual appetite and physical desire.
E) economic competitiveness and capacity for education.

Question 73

In the first half of the nineteenth century,tax-supported schools were

A) chiefly available to educate the children of the poor.
B) most in evidence in the South.
C) continuously opposed by wealthy, conservative whites.
D) open only to tuition-paying children of the well-to-do.
E) more academically demanding than private academies.

Question 74

Which one of the following is least related to the other four?

A) Brigham Young
B) William Miller
C) The Book of Mormon
D) Salt Lake City
E) Polygamy

Question 75

Those seeking to reform women's style of dress claimed all of the following except

A) corsets constricted women's vital organs.
B) voluminous skirts unfairly restricted women's mobility.
C) that bloomer-style trousers were more economical to produce.
D) that simpler clothing styles would serve as a rejection of the artificial desires created by industrialization.
E) that bloomer-style trousers were a more rational form of dress.

Question 76

The Mormon religion originated in

A) Utah.
B) New England.
C) Nauvoo, Illinois.
D) Ireland.
E) the Burned-Over District of New York.

Question 77

One strong prejudice inhibiting women from obtaining higher education in the early nineteenth century was the belief that

A) they would gain political and economic power through education.
B) women were inherently conservative and opposed to social reform.
C) children should grow up without the influence of educated women.
D) the Constitution prohibited women from attending colleges.
E) too much learning would injure women's brains, ruin their health, and make them unfit for marriage.

Question 78

Noah Webster's dictionary

A) had little impact until the twentieth century.
B) helped to standardize the American language.
C) was used to educate nineteenth-century slaves.
D) came to the United States from Britain in the 1800s.
E) gave legitimacy to American slang.

Question 79

Despite early resistance,the main reason free public education ultimately triumphed was

A) wealthy Americans realized that without an education, children could grow up to be a dangerous, ignorant rabble armed with the vote.
B) wealthy Americans feared the problem of vagrancy as farm families depended less upon the labor of children.
C) Southern slave owners abandoned their resistance to it.
D) teaching provided paid employment for unmarried, single women.
E) poor Americans threatened to launch a violent rebellion unless free education was made available.

Question 80

The Second Great Awakening tended to

A) widen the lines between classes and regions.
B) open Episcopalian and Presbyterian churches to the poor.
C) unite southern Baptists and southern Methodists against slavery.
D) bring the more prosperous and conservative eastern churches into the revivalist camps.
E) increase the influence of educated clergy.