Deck 12: Sex, Marriage, and Family

Question 1

What does the white silk kimono worn by the bride in a traditional Japanese wedding symbolize?

A) jealousy
B) purity
C) authority
D) spirituality

Answer 1

purity

Question 2

The Trobriand Islanders are part of the country of:

A) Indonesia
B) Thailand
C) Australia
D) Papua New Guinea

Answer 2

Papua New Guinea

Question 3

Which of the following statement is true?

A) most societies are neither exogamous nor endogamous
B) a society that is highly developed is exogamous
C) a society that has sexual restriction can be classified as endogamous
D) a society may have both exogamous and endogamous rules

Answer 3

a society may have both exogamous and endogamous rules

Question 4

In which famous novel was adultery among Christian colonists in New England explored?

A) Pilgrim's Progress
B) The House of Seven Gables
C) The Odyssey
D) The Scarlet Letter

Question 5

What percentage of known societies have rules requiring that sexual involvement take place only within marriage?

A) 55%
B) 35%
C) 5%
D) 15%

Question 6

How do Trobrianders proclaim their intentions to marry?

A) they stand together in front of the young man's house
B) they stand together in front of the young woman's house
C) they go together to speak with the young man's father
D) they go together to speak with the young woman's father

Question 7

Among Christian colonists in 17ᵗʰ⁻ and 18ᵗʰ-century New England, adultery by women often led to:

A) flogging
B) social ostracism
C) death
D) exile

Question 8

Currently, first cousin marriage is illegal in how many states in the United States?

A) none
B) 19
C) 31
D) 50

Question 9

The worldwide epidemic of HIV/AIDS has had:

A) no impact on worldwide sexual behavior
B) little impact in societies with few sexual restrictions
C) great impact especially in sexually restrictive societies
D) relatively little impact in sexually restrictive societies

Question 10

According to early anthropologists, the primary purpose of exogamy was to promote:

A) social alliance
B) sexual control
C) healthy children
D) urbanization

Question 11

Most societies include in the incest taboo a prohibition against sexual relations between all of the following except:

A) siblings
B) father and child
C) mother and child
D) first cousins

Question 12

Social rules and cultural meanings of human sexual behavior are governed by:

A) individual behavior
B) hormones only
C) biology
D) culture

Question 13

Trobriand Island children begin playing erotic games around the age of:

A) 4 to 5 years
B) 12 to 13 years
C) 7 to 8 years
D) 10 to 12 years

Question 14

Which of the following statements about incest is most accurate?

A) just as marriage in various forms is found in all cultures, so is the incest taboo
B) there are essentially two incest taboos found in different cultures
C) there is only one incest taboo found in all cultures
D) every religion has only one incest taboo

Question 15

Sexual relations among adolescent Trobriand Islanders are:

A) absolutely prohibited until the age of 25
B) restricted to young males only
C) relaxed and involve experimental alliances
D) open only to specific social classes

Question 16

According to strict Judeo-Christian law, as prescribed in the book of Leviticus, adultery was punishable by:

A) incarceration
B) flogging
C) social ostracism
D) death

Question 17

In a sample study of 129 societies, Nancy Thornhill found that the most common incest taboo was between:

A) cousins
B) siblings
C) parent and child
D) grandparent and child

Question 18

In the United States, approximately what percentage of children under 18 years has been involved in incestuous relations?

A) 2 to 3%
B) 14 to 15%
C) 4 to 10%
D) 10 to 14%

Question 19

Under Shariah law, women found guilty of having sexual relations outside of marriage were sentenced to:

A) wearing a letter on their attire
B) exile
C) death
D) social ostracism

Question 20

Which of the following statements is true regarding first-cousin marriage?

A) it does not cause a significant increase in genetic deficiency
B) it causes significantly increased genetic risks
C) it produces unhealthy children
D) it is a threat to civilized life

Question 21

Among the Nandi, which person is considered the "female husband"?

A) the barren woman who contracts the marriage
B) the fertile woman who enters into woman to woman marriage
C) the husband of the barren woman
D) the male lovers of the fertile woman

Question 22

All of the following are forms of marriage except:

A) polygyny
B) monogamy
C) sororal polyandry
D) polygamy

Question 23

Why does the number of monogamous marriages often exceed polygynous ones in cultures where polygyny is preferred?

A) social sanctions
B) lack of economic resources
C) illegal status
D) lack of women

Question 24

In most polygynous societies, women:

A) have bargaining power and some independence
B) are extremely subordinated
C) enjoy equal status with men
D) are in the highest social positions

Question 25

A patrilateral parallel-cousin marriage is between a man and his:

A) mother's brother's daughter
B) father's brother's daughter
C) father's son's daughter
D) father's father's daughter

Question 26

What do we term the type of marriage in which each partner has just one spouse, but marries a series of partners in succession?

A) monogamy
B) polyandry
C) polygamy
D) serial monogamy

Question 27

Which form of residence is traditional among urban, upper-middle class Indian couples?

A) patrilocal
B) matrilocal
C) neolocal
D) bilocal

Question 28

Which of the following societies is traditionally polyandrous?

A) English
B) Samoan
C) Trobriand Islanders
D) Nyimba of Nepal

Question 29

Polygyny is favored by what percentage of the world's cultures?

A) 20%
B) 40%
C) 60%
D) 80%

Question 30

Marriage in which a man has more than one wife is called:

A) serial monogamy
B) polyandry
C) polygamy
D) polygyny

Question 31

The simultaneous marriage of several brothers to a single wife is called:

A) fraternal polyandry
B) fraternal monogamy
C) fraternal polygyny
D) fraternal polygamy

Question 32

During what time period were first-cousin marriage prohibitions developed in the United States?

A) 15th century
B) 21st century
C) 18th century
D) 19th century

Question 33

When co-wives are sisters, it is called

A) sororal marriage
B) sororal monogamy
C) sororal polyandry
D) sororal polygyny

Question 34

What is the official position of the Mormon Church in regards to polygamy?

A) it is openly encouraged in the press and from the pulpit
B) it is not an officially approved practice
C) it is required
D) it is accepted in certain cases in which the husband can provide well for his family

Question 35

All of the following are considered assets in a woman to woman marriage among the Nandi except:

A) the barren woman is able to divorce her first husband
B) a barren woman obtains sons for inheritance
C) each woman obtains a higher status than would be otherwise
D) the female husband is less harsh and demanding

Question 36

The marriage of a woman to her father's sister's son is called:

A) matrilateral cross-cousin marriage
B) matrilateral parallel-cousin marriage
C) patrilateral cross-cousin marriage
D) patrilateral parallel-cousin marriage

Question 37

In India, arranged marriages are:

A) never practiced
B) always practiced
C) still somewhat common among certain social classes
D) extremely common among the lower castes

Question 38

What is the great "myth" that is commonly held in North American regarding the reason for the establishment of a taboo against first-cousin marriage in the United States?

A) it is a religious prohibition
B) it decreased the chances for the family to extend social alliances
C) it would incite feuding within the nuclear family
D) it would cause increased numbers of birth defects

Question 39

If you were restricted to marrying your mother's brother's sons or daughters, then you would be _______________ for marriage of _______________.

A) endogamous/cross-cousins
B) endogamous/parallel cousins
C) exogamous/cross-cousins
D) exogamous/parallel cousins

Question 40

Patrilateral parallel-cousin marriages were historically and traditionally favored among all of the following except:

A) ancient Israelites
B) ancient Greeks
C) Romans
D) Arabs

Question 41

Among the Mundurucu, until the age of 13 all children live exclusively with their:

A) grandparents
B) both mothers and fathers
C) fathers and older brothers
D) mothers and younger siblings

Question 42

What is the rationale for bridewealth in a patrilineal society?

A) the wife is expensive to maintain and the groom must be compensated
B) the wife's family will lose her labor and reproductive capacity
C) the wife's family negotiates a better marriage with a high bridewealth
D) the wife's children will drain resources from her husband's family over time

Question 43

The basic residential unit where economic production, consumption, inheritance, child rearing and shelter are organized is called the:

A) household
B) family
C) conjugal unit
D) marriage

Question 44

In societies where there is a strict incest taboo, you do not find sexual violations.

Question 45

Sexually restrictive societies are in a worldwide minority.

Question 46

Among Trobriand Islanders, sexual relations are not permitted before marriage.

Question 47

Families that are established through marriage are called:

A) nuclear
B) conjugal
C) for monetary profit
D) blended

Question 48

Which of the following is considered primarily responsible for raising children among the Inuit?

A) siblings only
B) the extended family
C) the wife in a nuclear family
D) all adult members of the community

Question 49

Which of the following is a significant reason for lower divorce rates prior to 1800 in Western societies?

A) more material possessions and more children in marriages
B) a high mortality rate
C) men and women did not argue as much as they do now
D) women were more valuable than they are now

Question 50

According to a cross-cultural survey of 192 families, the most common family is:

A) nuclear
B) extended
C) conjugal
D) polygamous

Question 51

Which of the following arguments is not commonly used against same-sex marriage?

A) it is not representative of traditional marriage
B) it indicates support for gays and gay lifestyle
C) it destroys the social and economic basis of society
D) it does not produce children

Question 52

In the United States, what percentage of families is considered to be "nuclear" today?

A) 20
B) 60
C) 45
D) 90

Question 53

The most common family type in traditional farming and herding cultures is the:

A) conjugal family
B) nuclear family
C) extended family
D) blended family

Question 54

The incest taboo is a permanent cultural law.

Question 55

A family established through marriage is called a:

A) consanguineal family
B) conjugal family
C) nuclear family
D) group family

Question 56

The nuclear family is especially well adapted to a mode of subsistence that requires:

A) healthy children
B) accumulated wealth
C) a large labor force
D) a high degree of geographical mobility

Question 57

All societies have rules to govern sexual behavior.

Question 58

In which American Indian group can a woman divorce her husband by placing his belongings outside of the door?

A) Mattaponi
B) Pamunkey
C) Crow
D) Hopi

Question 59

The United States' custom of the bride's family paying for the wedding expenses is:

A) bride service
B) bride-price
C) dowry
D) bridewealth

Question 60

In the United States, new reproductive technologies and open adoption have contributed to the rise of:

A) polygamous families
B) extended families
C) nuclear families
D) blended families

Question 61

The smallest known family unit is the nuclear family.

Question 62

Rules for marriage outside of a group are called _______________.

Question 63

Polygamy is prohibited in England.

Question 64

A nuclear family contains one or two parents and their immediate offspring.

Question 65

The structures of marriage and the family are cultural phenomena.

Question 66

China has more than 114 million migrant workers.

Question 67

In matrilocal residence the groom's family does not usually receive marriage compensation.

Question 68

First-cousin marriage causes significant increases in genetic deficiency.

Question 69

In traditional Muslim societies ______________ law regulates social behavior in strict accordance with religious standards of morality.

Question 70

In Peru, the Inca was required to marry his _______________.

Question 71

Most societies worldwide allow individuals to choose their own spouse.

Question 72

Divorce did not occur before urbanization.

Question 73

The absolute forbiddance of sexual contact between certain close relatives is an __________________________.

Question 74

If a marriage in which bridewealth has been paid is dissolved, the money must be returned to the bride's family.

Question 75

Anthropologists have identified five kinds of post-marital residence.

Question 76

Bridewealth (bride-price) is associated with patrilineal societies.

Question 77

The anthropological definition of marriage says that it establishes _______________ and _______________ between various people involved.

Question 78

There is no difference between marriage and mating.

Question 79

Single-parent households are a phenomenon associated only with post-industrial societies.

Question 80

In much of North America and Europe, the traditional ideal was that all sexual activity outside of marriage was _______________.