Deck 8: Family and Household

Question 1

How does Statistics Canada define a family?

A) a lone parent living without his or her children
B) a married couple or a common-law couple with or without children
C) a lone parent with children,or a married or common-law couple with or without children
D) only a married couple of mixed or same gender with children

Answer 1

a lone parent with children,or a married or common-law couple with or without children

Question 2

Foreign adoption has steadily grown in recent decades.Approximately how many children have been adopted into families in the United States since the early 1970s?

A) 10,000
B) 50,000
C) 100,000
D) 500,000

Answer 2

500,000

Question 3

Why are more and more middle-aged adults in Canada caring for their elderly parents?

A) They have more time to devote to this task.
B) Governments pay children to look after their aging parents.
C) Governments provide tax benefits to encourage them to do so.
D) Canadians face a shortage of good nursing homes,and seniors are living longer.

Answer 3

Canadians face a shortage of good nursing homes,and seniors are living longer.

Question 4

What does frequent and prolonged breast feeding of infants NOT result in?

A) higher infant scores on cognitive tests
B) a lower risk of hyperactivity and attention deficit disorder
C) fewer child allergies,ear infections,and diarrhea
D) slower development of infant self-awareness

Question 5

Among the Mundurucu of South America,the men all live together in one house with all boys over the age of 13.The women and the younger boys live in two or three houses grouped around the men's house.What are the men's house and the women's houses examples of?

A) a household but not really a family
B) a conjugal family
C) ambilocal residence
D) a consanguineal family

Question 6

When did the independent nuclear family first emerge?

A) around 100,000 years ago among early homo sapiens
B) during the upper paleolithic
C) just after the 4th century A.D.
D) in the 18th century

Question 7

What was the effect of industrialization on nuclear families?

A) increased dependence on extended kin for aid during difficult times
B) greater isolation because of the mobility required of an industrial labour force
C) greater conflict among members of the nuclear family over scarce jobs
D) more instances of polygyny

Question 8

According to Statistics Canada,what is the fastest-growing family type in Canada?

A) extended family
B) common-law family
C) lone-parent family
D) dysfunctional family

Question 9

What do non-Native North Americans and the Inuit both have in common that explains the similarity in their family structure?

A) There is little jealousy within or between households.
B) Both rely on the technology of hunting.
C) Both are highly mobile.
D) Both care for their elderly.

Question 10

Which of the following best defines the term "household"?

A) a residential group composed of a woman,her dependent children,and at least one male
B) a non-residential group composed of people who share common interests but whose incomes are unequal,so that resources must be shared
C) the basic residential unit for economic production,consumption,inheritance,child-rearing,and the place where shelter is universally present
D) a temporary association of strangers joined by economic adversity or season movements

Question 11

What is the term for a family group consisting of a husband and his multiple wives and their dependent children?

A) an extended family
B) an affinal family
C) a connubial family
D) a conjugal family

Question 12

What was one of the consequences of the competitive performance-oriented environment of the industrial workplace?

A) the definition of the family as a place of love,cooperation,and refuge from the outside world
B) the development of the extended family
C) lowered expectations of romantic love
D) fewer marriages

Question 13

In the 4th century the Roman Catholic Church imposed changes that altered marriage and family regulations,which of the following options indicates an institution that came about as a result of these changes?

A) the nuclear family
B) the extended family
C) the patrilateral family
D) the adoptive family

Question 14

Which of the following statements about the Tory Islanders is true?

A) They are Gaelic-speaking sheep farmers.
B) They live in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland.
C) They do not marry until they are in their late 20s or early 30s.
D) They live with their parents even after they marry.

Question 15

When Inuit children marry,they must leave the family and start their own family unit,which must fend for itself.What is this type of family called?

A) extended
B) nuclear
C) local
D) ambilocal

Question 16

According to Jean Briggs,when Inuit parents ask a child,"Why don't you kill your little brother?" what are they actually doing?

A) expressing an Inuit pattern of punishment for children who misbehave
B) encouraging older children to acknowledge jealousy of and love for younger siblings
C) socializing children to recognize that siblings can never get along
D) asking the child to not hit their siblings

Question 17

What was the Roman Catholic Church trying to do in the 4ᵗʰ century when it prohibited close marriages,discouraged adoption,and condemned polygyny,concubinage,divorce,and remarriage?

A) reinforce beliefs expressed in the Old Testament
B) strengthen consanguineal ties
C) facilitate the transfer of property to the church
D) facilitate the transfer of property from church to nuclear families

Question 18

What does a Nayar consanguine family consist of?

A) a woman,her dependent offspring,and the woman's brothers
B) a married heterosexual couple,their dependent offspring,and the woman's parents
C) a woman and all of her own relatives
D) a group of sisters,their husbands,and their dependent offspring

Question 19

About how much of the time are home-reared infants in close contact with their mothers in modern mainstream Canadian society?

A) 10 percent of the time
B) 20 percent of the time
C) 40 percent of the time
D) 70 percent of the time

Question 20

Which form of conjugal family is most familiar to North Americans?

A) extended
B) consanguineal
C) divorced
D) nuclear

Question 21

In what type of economy did the extended family structure develop among the Huron and Iroquois First Nations of southern Quebec and Ontario?

A) foraging
B) mixed horticultural-foraging
C) exclusively horticultural
D) pastoral nomadic

Question 22

Which of the following statements best describes an example of an extended family?

A) A young man and woman living in Nova Scotia marry and start their own farm so that they can enjoy their independence even when alternatives,such as fishing on the family boat,are feasible.
B) In many Mayan communities,sons bring their wives to live around a plaza where their father already has a house;the women weave together,the children play together,and decisions are made by the father.
C) Among the Hopi,the household head is a female elder;her daughters go to live with their husbands and clear new land to grow corn.
D) Traditionally,when Inuit children marry they must leave the family and start their own independent unit,which must fend for itself.

Question 23

With regard to parents' relationship with their children,which custom do modern Chinese-Canadian families have in common?

A) Daughters-in-law are solely responsible for the care of the husband's elderly parents.
B) Sons are more likely than their wives to care for elderly parents.
C) Elderly parents prefer to return to China for their last years,rather than living with their children.
D) Many Chinese Canadian seniors live apart from their adult children.

Question 24

In industrial societies such as Canada,why is neolocal residence common?

A) Canadian newlyweds do not usually get along with their in-laws.
B) Industries require workers to be able to move to wherever there are jobs.
C) Canadian newlyweds demand privacy.
D) In-laws discourage extended family formation.

Question 25

Which kind of family is composed of people related to one another conjugally and by blood who bring their spouses to live in the family?

A) extended
B) polygamous
C) consanguineal
D) communal

Question 26

What is the term for same-sex families where one or both lesbian mothers conceive a child through donor insemination,or where gay male partners have children through adoption,fostering,or surrogacy?

A) child-rearing units
B) custodial families
C) co-parent families
D) step-families

Question 27

People opposed to same-sex marriage have expressed concerns about children's psychological and social development when raised in these families.What has research into this area uncovered about these children?

A) a decline in academic performance
B) less stable psychological and emotional health
C) nothing negative,they are just like other children
D) a higher incidence of same-sex sexual orientation

Question 28

Whom does a married couple go to live with in an avunculocal residence?

A) the husband's brother
B) the husband's mother's brother
C) the husband's brother's son
D) the wife's father

Question 29

What mainly determines residence patterns?

A) ecological circumstances
B) married couple's preference
C) bride's parents' preference
D) groom's parents' preference

Question 30

Jack and Jill are getting married and must decide where to live.Because of working conditions and scarce resources,it is impossible for them to establish their own independent household.They move in with Jack's mother and father.Which type of residence is this an example of?

A) patrilocal
B) matrilocal
C) ambilocal
D) neolocal

Question 31

What type of economy is typical of the cultures where extended families are most often found?

A) hunting and gathering
B) seafaring
C) nomadic pastoralism
D) subsistence farming

Question 32

An Mbuti man marries a woman from another band.They live with his people for a while,but when he gets into a fight with his brother,they go to live with her people until tempers cool off.Which sort of residence is this an example of?

A) neolocal
B) ambilocal
C) avunculocal
D) patrilocal

Question 33

Which set of terms applies to the types of residence patterns that anthropologists study in different societies?

A) conjugal,consanguineal
B) partrilocal,neolocal,matrilocal
C) polygynous,polyandrous,monogamous
D) nuclear,extended

Question 34

Which statement about the traditional residence patterns in the matrilineal Trobriand Islands is correct?

A) All couples traditionally live with the husband's mother's brother.
B) All couples traditionally live neolocally
C) Most couples live ambilocally.
D) All couples traditionally live with the wife's mother's sister.

Question 35

Which term best characterizes the form that residence after marriage took among the Huron and Iroquois First Nations of southern Quebec and Ontario?

A) neolocal
B) patrilocal
C) matrilocal
D) ambilocal

Question 36

A couple can choose to live with her own people or with his.Which term best describes this type of residence?

A) neolocal
B) ambilocal
C) matrilocal
D) avunculocal

Question 37

You are studying a horticultural society in which women work together in the fields and play a dominant role in subsistence.Which sort of residence would you predict?

A) matrilocal
B) avunculocal
C) ambilocal
D) neolocal

Question 38

Societies that rely on animal herding or intensive agriculture,in which polygyny is customary,and in which warfare is prominent enough to make male cooperation important,all most likely practise one particular form of residence.Which form?

A) neolocal
B) avunculocal
C) ambilocal
D) patrilocal

Question 39

Which of the following statements about societies with patrilocal residence is NOT true?

A) Women may never leave the household.
B) Women often move to another band or community when they marry.
C) The bride's parents often lose her potential offspring.
D) The groom's family has to pay compensation to the bride's family.

Question 40

In which sorts of societies is ambilocal residence found?

A) societies where males control property,but descent and inheritance is reckoned through women
B) societies where warfare is common,even though it is women who wield most of the authority
C) societies where economic activity occurs outside the family,and families have to move frequently in search of jobs
D) societies where the cooperation of more people than are available in one nuclear family is needed and nuclear family resources are limited in some way

Question 41

What are some of the problems associated with the nuclear family?

A) Husbands and wives tend to rely too much on their parents.
B) Rules for making decisions are too strict for all members.
C) The elderly may not live near and cannot necessarily depend on children for care.
D) Differences in income leave some members on a "second tier."

Question 42

As a cultural phenomenon,the notion of adoption or exchange of children is fairly common in Canada today.What is its status in other cultures?

A) It has only been practised by roughly 20 percent of the world's cultures.
B) While it is quite rare in some cultures,it is very common in others.
C) It is a universally common phenomenon practised by all cultures.
D) In most countries,it is simply an informal arrangement with no legal status.

Question 43

Since 1980,which group has been most severely affected by cutbacks in social welfare programs in Canada?

A) households headed by single mothers
B) households headed by single fathers
C) seniors
D) nuclear families

Question 44

In North America,which type of family arrangement has become much more common due to problems associated with the nuclear family?

A) extended families
B) female-headed single-parent households
C) polygynous families
D) consanguineal families

Question 45

In modern China,care of the elderly has become a matter of considerable concern.Why?

A) household poverty
B) cutbacks in government funding for the elderly
C) the country's one-child policy
D) the national lack of interest in human rights

Question 46

Which method of reducing conflict between an eldest son and his younger brothers is most likely to be used in extended families?

A) moving the younger brother out of the household
B) giving the younger sons extra land
C) independence training
D) increasing the number of wives for the younger sons

Question 47

Which of the following problems are extended families likely to have?

A) loneliness caused by isolation from kin
B) children's independence conflicts with group harmony
C) various forms of internal conflict between generations
D) the elder family members becoming a burden

Question 48

According to the text,in which region of the world have single-parent households headed by women been studied for a long time?

A) the Caribbean
B) Central America
C) Eastern Europe
D) India

Question 49

What is the increase in the number of Canadian single-parent families headed by women likely to be associated with?

A) increased willingness of fathers to pay child support
B) increased participation of extended kin in caring for the children
C) increased number of women keeping infants born outside of marriage or common-law relationship
D) increased social assistance payments for single mothers

Question 50

Though the leaders and chiefs of Trobriand society practised avunculocal residence,which type of residence have most married couples practised in more recent times?

A) neolocal
B) matrilocal
C) patrilocal
D) ambilocal

Question 51

In 2001,how many lone-parent families were there in Canada?

A) 500,000
B) 850,000
C) 1.3 million
D) 2 million

Question 52

By 2003,what ratio of female-headed families in Canada lived in a low-income situation?

A) one-quarter
B) one-third
C) one-half
D) two-thirds

Question 53

Which statement about polygynous families is true?

A) They provide individual wives with company and economic assistance and alleviate boredom.
B) They usually operate without conflict because women are better than men at getting along together.
C) The man tries not to marry several sisters,because the hierarchy of oldest to youngest inevitably causes stress.
D) They provide privacy by establishing the wives in separate houses spread around the village.

Question 54

You are an independent person who places great value on making your own decisions.In which type of family would you probably be happiest?

A) polygynous
B) extended
C) nuclear
D) consanguineal

Question 55

Which of the following problems does the idea of "face" or "honour" help to solve in extended families?

A) mistreatment of younger sons or siblings and wives by the head of the household
B) the difficulty in attracting spouses to an extended family situation
C) dependence training
D) independence training

Question 56

To overcome First Nations' resistance to further studies of their health,what are Canadian anthropologists such as John O'Neil doing?

A) lobbying the federal government to compel First Nations people to undergo medical tests
B) working with First Nations people to develop the studies
C) developing studies in partnership with governments from other nations with large Aboriginal populations
D) excluding all white people from working on issues of First Nations health

Question 57

In Caribbean countries,there are many single-parent households headed by women.Why?

A) high rates of divorce
B) inadequate employment opportunities for men
C) dysfunctional families
D) lack of information about birth control

Question 58

Which term best describes a man who marries four women who are sisters?

A) avunculocal residence
B) sororal polygyny
C) fraternal polyandry
D) incest

Question 59

In developing countries,women have become increasingly impoverished and socially disadvantaged.Why?

A) because of debt repayment reforms demanded by the International Monetary Fund
B) because labour unions demand higher wages and force corporations to move out
C) because government funding to education,health,and social welfare encourages dependency
D) because of women's irrational management of household income

Question 60

From a First Nations perspective,what is one of the requirements for self-government?

A) that they isolate themselves from non-Aboriginal Canadians
B) that more university education be made available to Native youth who still live on reserves
C) that the Department of Indian Affairs be dismantled and eliminated
D) that Native people be given control of their own public health surveillance technologies

Question 61

What is the most common form of a same-sex family?

A) gay male adoptive families
B) lesbian stepfamilies
C) lesbian donor insemination families
D) gay male stepfamilies

Question 62

Which of the following is an example of ambilocal residence?

A) a couple that lives with the husband's parents
B) a couple that lives with the wife's uncle
C) a couple that lives with the wife's sister
D) a couple that lives with the wife's parents in summer and husbands parents in winter

Question 63

The early Catholic Church got involved in family reforms largely as a means of addressing the problem of lack of male heirs.

Question 64

The Motherhood Mandate recognizes the endless labour required by mothers and acknowledges that the responsibility for raising well-adjusted children lies with both parents and with community.

Question 65

The Aka pygmies are skilled foragers.Approximately how many hours per week does a typical Aka spend hunting and gathering?

A) 15
B) 25
C) 42
D) 50

Question 66

Cross-cultural studies of the family have shown that in some societies men are more nurturant to children than women.

Question 67

Which of the following is the most accurate description of polygamy?

A) a man with two wives
B) a woman with two husbands
C) a person with more than one spouse
D) a group marriage

Question 68

Apart from financial and ethical reasons,what other reasons do some countries have for restricting foreign adoptions?

A) religious reasons
B) health reasons
C) military reasons
D) racial reasons

Question 69

Which statement best describes the defining characteristic of the North American family?

A) No other family structure is valued more than the nuclear family.
B) New forms of family structures have supplanted the nuclear family.
C) No particular family structure is preferred.
D) The patriarchal family remains dominant.

Question 70

In North American children,self-awareness tends to lag behind children in other cultures.

Question 71

In all societies,the family serves as an institution to nurture children and establish a cooperative economic unit.

Question 72

Which of the following terms best describes the cultural category of "pygmy."

A) It is a racial category.
B) It is an ethnic category.
C) It is an arbitrary category indicating stature.
D) It is a single cultural category.

Question 73

Considering the cultural diversity evident in how children are raised,which type of family produces the most well-adjusted children?

A) The dual-parent nuclear family produces the most well-adjusted children.
B) The multigenerational extended family produces the most well-adjusted children.
C) Almost any form of family or parenting can produce well-adjusted children.
D) Polygynous families clearly produce the most well-adjusted children.

Question 74

"The Motherhood Mandate," gender perspective article summarizes the position of North American mothers.Which of the following statements best expresses the defining characteristics of North American supermoms?

A) They are blended mothers attempting to maintain traditional values while buying into the image of a modern woman.
B) They are modern mothers who reject many traditional values and hold career aspirations.
C) They expect to be equal partners with husbands who share half of the motherhood role.
D) They are linear mothers,moving from one task to the next throughout the day.

Question 75

Which statement best describes the situation between the Aka pygmies and their neighbouring populations?

A) They are often at war with their farming neighbours.
B) They are a source of entertainment to their farming neighbours.
C) They forage from the crops of their farming neighbours.
D) They maintain complex social and economic relations with their farming neighbours.

Question 76

Adult Inuit rarely become angry with their children or scold them.How do the Inuit regard this kind of anger or aggression?

A) as a sign of madness
B) as a sign of impatience
C) as a sign of weakness
D) as a sign of immaturity

Question 77

Why are Aka pygmy fathers referred to as the best dads in the world?

A) They provide gifts to their children on a weekly basis.
B) They spend more time with their children than men in any other culture.
C) They are the exclusive caregivers of their children from age the age of one to age 12.
D) They communally care for each other's children.

Question 78

Which statement best characterizes the consequences of close paternal parenting provided by the Aka?

A) It produces children that are timid and compliant.
B) It produces children that are confident and aggressive.
C) It produces children with emotional and social well-being and strong feelings of autonomy.
D) It produces children similar to cultures where fathers are less involved.

Question 79

Based on your reading of the "Transnational Child Exchange?" article,which of the following statements best characterizes the current status of international adoption?

A) It is a humanitarian cause that is gradually eliminating child poverty in many countries.
B) It is the equivalent of a business that sells and exports human beings.
C) It is complex,encompassing both business aspects and humanitarian aspects.
D) It is slowly draining female children from industrialized countries.

Question 80

The Canadian family is defined by Statistics Canada as a married man and woman and their unmarried children.