Deck 13: Western Theories of Ethics

Question 1

Some have identified a _________ influence on Greek thinking, and it may be more than a coincidence that these two models models have a similar focus on moral character and an interest in finding a compromise between extreme positions.

A) Chinese
B) Irish
C) English
D) Hispanic

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Natural law is associated closely with the _________ faith.

A) Catholic
B) Jewish
C) Muslim
D) Baptist

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Whereas nonmalevolence suggests that one must refrain from actions that do harm, __________ directs one to take active steps to promote the welfare of others.

A) fidelity
B) benevolence
C) justice
D) autonomy

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A basic premise of ____________theory is that humans seek out happiness and pleasure.

A) human
B) natural
C) utilitarian
D) biological

Question 5

According to C. E. Harris (2007), human inclinations are divided into two groups:

A) biological values and natural values
B) human values and natural values
C) biological values and human values.
D) worldly values and human values

Question 6

This is based on the view that general rules determine ethical behavior.

A) Performance utilitarianism
B) Act utilitarianism
C) Rule utilitarianism
D) Regulation utilitarianism

Question 7

________values, is composed of pursuing knowledge and sociability.

A) biological
B) worldly
C) natural
D) human

Question 8

This requires professionals to address inequities in access to their care and services.

A) fidelity
B) benevolence
C) justice
D) autonomy

Question 9

Utilitarian theory originated during the ____th century.

A) 16
B) 17
C) 18
D) 19

Question 10

Because ______ law derives from nature, it is believed to be binding on human behavior even beyond the laws established by humans.

A) natural
B) common
C) civil
D) criminal

Question 11

The history of virtue ethics begins with the ancient _________philosophers.

A) Greek
B) Chinese
C) English
D) Asian

Question 12

Concerns about the possibility of doing harm include all but which:

A) information
B) entering into or terminating treatment
C) being appropriately reimbursed by insurance companies
D) whether to inform interested parties about information learned during treatment

Question 13

There may be two choices of action with one good and one bad possible outcome. One may still make the choice even though there can be a bad outcome. This is called:

A) Forfeiture
B) Double effect
C) Penalty
D) Moral law

Question 14

This focuses on moral character and attends to the characteristics of the individual that lead to moral actions.

A) Common ethics
B) Virtue ethics
C) Moral ethics
D) Counseling ethics

Question 15

Humans follow ______ law in what they do by nature; this is a law based on conscience.

A) natural
B) common
C) civil
D) criminal

Question 16

_______ values are composed of two values, life and procreation

A) biological
B) worldly
C) natural
D) human

Question 17

Respect for ________ requires that the professional gain informed consent for any treatment plans and that all matters of privacy are respected.

A) fidelity
B) benevolence
C) justice
D) autonomy

Question 18

_________states that one gives up his or her own rights when he or she threatens the rights of others.

A) Forfeiture
B) Double effect
C) Penalty
D) Moral law

Question 19

This is based primarily on an assessment of the specific circumstance(s) that occur, most often a one-time event.

A) Performance utilitarianism
B) Act utilitarianism
C) Rule utilitarianism
D) Regulation utilitarianism

Question 20

Since the ______ there has been a renewed interest in virtue ethics, and more recently many of those in the character education movement rely on virtue ethics to define the character elements that they hope to foster.

A) 1920s
B) 1950s
C) 1970s
D) 1980s

Question 21

Natural law is interpreted as universal and unchangeable, as moral absolutism.

Question 22

Give a brief overview of Feminist Ethics.

Question 23

There were several early contributors to natural law. St. Augustine in the 13ᵗʰ century and St. Thomas Aquinas in the 4th century offered a Christian version of Aristotle's ethics.

Question 24

Discuss the criteria that is relevant in determining whether an outcome is moral based or double effect.

Question 25

Based on the principle of double effect, an action must meet two criteria to be considered a violation of a fundamental value.

Question 26

The duty to ensure that the individual's right to make decisions is maintained.

A) fidelity
B) benevolence
C) justice
D) autonomy

Question 27

Natural law theory is a morally absolute theory; it is relativistic.

Question 28

Keeping a promise-maintaining confidentiality:

A) fidelity
B) benevolence
C) justice
D) autonomy

Question 29

Anything that interferes with the sociability inclination is considered wrong.

Question 30

Aristotelian philosophy and virtue ethics influenced the development of natural law.

Question 31

Professionals are trained to develop the skills associated with best practice in their fields and a clear sense of their responsibility to society at large.

Question 32

Justice refers to the central duty to do no harm either through intention or by entering into any action that may indirectly cause harm in others.

Question 33

The duty to do good for clients and the larger society:

A) fidelity
B) benevolence
C) justice
D) nonmalevolence

Question 34

Give a brief overview of respect for persons ethics.

Question 35

Procreation is a human value in natural law.

Question 36

Discuss the history of virtue ethics.

Question 37

Compare and contrast the ethical concepts for Virtue Ethics.

Question 38

The duty to do no harm:

A) fidelity
B) benevolence
C) justice
D) nonmalevolence

Question 39

Natural law decisions or actions are right because they fulfill human nature, which is communicated by Buddha.

Question 40

The duty to treat all fairly:

A) fidelity
B) benevolence
C) justice
D) nonmalevolence