Deck 11: Knowledge Management and Specialized Information Systems

Question 1

A genetic algorithm can be used to search the vast resources of the Internet to find information on any topic.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Learning systems allow a computer to change how it reacts to situations based on the feedback it receives.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Although computers excel at numerical calculations, they are not as good at dealing with symbols and three-dimensional objects.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The overall purpose of an inference engine is to seek information and relationships from the knowledge base and to provide answers, predictions, and suggestions similar to the way a human expert would.

Question 5

Data is the awareness and understanding of a set of information.

Question 6

An experiment, called the Brain Computer Interface, is ongoing to directly connect the human brain to a computer and have human thought control computer activities.

Question 7

Data mining and business intelligence are powerful tools to capture and use knowledge.

Question 8

A neural network relies on massively parallel processing to enable a computer to simulate the function of a human brain.

Question 9

A perceptive system allows a machine to approximate the way a person sees, hears, and feels objects.

Question 10

Knowledge workers are people who earn their living by creating, using, and disseminating knowledge.

Question 11

A new knowledge base must be built for each unique expert system application.

Question 12

Expert systems use heuristics to arrive at conclusions or make recommendations.

Question 13

Artificial intelligence involves the development of machines and computer systems that can stimulate human intelligence processes.

Question 14

Many groups use patents, copyrights, trade secrets, Internet firewalls to keep prying eyes from seeing important knowledge that is expensive and hard to create.

Question 15

Voice recognition involves converting sound waves into words.

Question 16

A group of people with common interests who come together to create, store, and share knowledge of a specific topic is known as a community of practice.

Question 17

Many organizations actively attempt to convert explicit knowledge to tacit knowledge.

Question 18

Robotics involves developing mechanical or computer devices that can paint cars, make precision welds, and perform tasks that require a high degree of precision or are tedious or hazardous for humans.

Question 19

Expert systems, robotics, vision systems, natural language processing, learning systems, and neural networks are all part of the broad field of artificial intelligence.

Question 20

Vision systems include hardware and software that permit computers to capture, store, and process visual images.

Question 21

A _____ is a conditional statement that links conditions to actions or outcomes.

A) simulation
B) case
C) rule
D) genetic algorithm

Question 22

Virtual reality simulations require special interface devices that transmit the sights, sounds, and sensations of the simulated world to the user.

Question 23

Knowing the best way to negotiate with a foreign government about a volatile hostage situation is an example of _____ knowledge.

A) implied
B) tacit
C) explicit
D) definitive

Question 24

Bioinformatics has been used to help map the human genome and conduct research on biological organisms.

Question 25

_____ knowledge is hard to measure and document and typically is not objective or formalized.

A) Tacit
B) Shared
C) Technical
D) Explicit

Question 26

Assistive technology systems help people overcome disabilities and perform various tasks.

Question 27

Sophisticated computer systems require an extension of understanding visual images. This is called a _____ system.

A) robotic
B) perceptive
C) learning
D) virtual reality

Question 28

A genetic algorithm is an approach to solving problems based on the _____.

A) theory of evolution
B) theory of relativity
C) Compton Effect
D) Complementarity Principle

Question 29

The user interface makes an expert system easier to develop and use.

Question 30

_____ is the awareness and understanding of a set of information and the ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision.

A) Cognition
B) Knowledge
C) Intuition
D) Intelligence quotient

Question 31

_____ involves converting sound waves into words.

A) Natural language processing
B) Robotics
C) Voice recognition
D) Virtual reality

Question 32

_____ include the people, procedures, hardware, software, data, and knowledge needed to develop computer systems and machines that can simulate human intelligence processes, including learning, reasoning, and self-correction.

A) Assistive technology systems
B) Intelligence agents
C) Artificial intelligence systems
D) Virtual reality systems

Question 33

The domain expert is the person with the expertise the expert system is trying to capture.

Question 34

After entering the appropriate attributes, the knowledge acquisition facility correctly stores information and relationships in the knowledge base, making the knowledge base easier and less expensive to set up and maintain.

Question 35

_____ can process many pieces of data at the same time and learn to recognize patterns.

A) Voice recognition systems
B) Natural language processing systems
C) Learning systems
D) Neural networks

Question 36

An expert system can use a case-based solution process to develop the solution to a problem by finding cases stored in the knowledge base that are similar to the problem at hand and then modifying the solution to the cases to fit the current problem.

Question 37

An expert system, using the explanation facility, can indicate all the facts and rules that were used in reaching a conclusion.

Question 38

Expert system shells lessen the burden of programming, allowing nonprogrammers to develop and benefit from the use of expert systems.

Question 39

A _____ is a group of people with common interests who come together to create, store, and share knowledge of a specific topic.

A) community of practice (COP)
B) social network
C) professional learning community (PLC)
D) personal network

Question 40

When audio files are played while they are being downloaded from the Internet, it is called streaming audio.

Question 41

A(n) _____ is an organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to create, store, share, and use the organization's knowledge and experience.

Question 42

_____ has the potential to superimpose digital data over real photos so that GPS maps can be combined with real pictures of stores and streets to help people locate their position.

A) Immersive virtual reality
B) Telepresence
C) Augmented reality
D) Location reality

Question 43

_____ is a wide range of adaptive and rehabilitative devices to help people with disabilities perform tasks that they were formerly unable to accomplish or had great difficulty accomplishing.

A) Assistive technology
B) Virtual reality
C) Forensics software
D) Bioinformatics

Question 44

When video files are played while being downloaded from the Internet, it is called _____.

A) video compression
B) virtual reality
C) streaming video
D) file conversion

Question 45

_____ knowledge is objective and can be measured and documented.

Question 46

The _____ allows an expert system user to understand how the system arrived at its results.

A) inference engine
B) knowledge base
C) explanation facility
D) knowledge acquisition facility

Question 47

_____ is a mathematical theory for developing strategies that maximize gains and minimize losses while adhering to a given set of rules and constraints.

A) Parrondo's paradox
B) Bioinformatics
C) Game theory
D) Chainstore paradox

Question 48

Knowing that Hennessey Venom GT, with a top speed of 270 mph, is the fastest car in the world, is an example of having _____ knowledge.

Question 49

_____ is the combination of information technology with traditional disciplines such as medicine or science while considering the impact on individuals, organizations, and society.

A) Informatics
B) Heuristics
C) Assistive technology
D) Informetrics

Question 50

_____ do not need any previous training in computers or expert systems.

A) Domain experts
B) Knowledge users
C) Knowledge engineers
D) Intelligent agents

Question 51

_____ is a popular and sophisticated software package that can be used to edit photographs and other visual images.

A) PowerPoint
B) Microsoft Silverlight
C) Adobe Photoshop
D) Autodesk

Question 52

_____ is a file conversion program that can be used to compress multimedia files to make them easier to download from the Internet or send as an e-mail attachment.

A) Apple Quick Time
B) WinZip
C) Grass Valley
D) CorelDraw

Question 53

Graphic images can be stored in a variety of formats including _____.

A) JPEG and GIF
B) MP3 and MPEG
C) ISDB and DVB
D) WAV and MIDI

Question 54

_____ is a collection of facts organized so that they have additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves.

Question 55

An expert system's knowledge acquisition facility serves as an interface between _____.

A) the end users and the inference engine
B) the experts and the knowledge base
C) the inference engine and the knowledge base
D) the inference engine and the explanation facility

Question 56

The haptic interface relays the sense of _____ in the virtual world.

A) sight
B) sound
C) touch
D) smell

Question 57

In an expert system, the _____ is the component that delivers the expert advice.

A) inference engine
B) knowledge acquisition facility
C) user interface
D) explanation facility

Question 58

A(n) _____ is a person who has training or experience in the design, development, implementation, and maintenance of an expert system, including training or experience with expert system shells.

A) domain expert
B) knowledge user
C) knowledge engineer
D) intelligent agent

Question 59

The _____ stores all relevant information, data, rules, cases, and relationships that an expert system uses.

A) inference engine
B) knowledge base
C) user interface
D) data warehouse

Question 60

_____ consists of raw facts, such as an employee number, number of hours worked in a week, inventory part numbers, or sales orders.

Question 61

A(n) _____ is a system that enables one or more users to move and react in a computer-simulated environment.

Question 62

A(n) _____ is an approach to solving large, complex problems in which many repeated operations or models change and evolve until the best one emerges.

Question 63

The _____ is the person or group who uses and benefits from the expert system.

Question 64

_____ are rules of thumb arising from experience.

Question 65

A _____ is a computer system that can act like or simulate the functioning of a human brain.

Question 66

After knowledge is created, it is often stored in a(n) _____ that includes documents, reports, files, and databases.

Question 67

_____ statements are rules that suggest certain conclusions.

Question 68

_____ is a system involving sequential decisions with learning taking place between each decision.

Question 69

​BrainGate, which can be used to connect a human brain to a computer, is an example of a _____.

Question 70

The _____ attempts to determine whether a computer can successfully impersonate a human.

Question 71

_____ involves a computer understanding, analyzing, manipulating, and/or generating linguistic communication.

Question 72

The purpose of a(n) _____ is to seek information and relationships from the knowledge base and to provide answers, predictions, and suggestions similar to the way a human expert would.

Question 73

_____ is text, graphics, video, animation, audio, and other media that can be used to help an organization efficiently and effectively achieve its goals.

Question 74

_____ is a process where a computer makes a decision, analyzes the results, and then makes a better decision based on the analysis.

Question 75

The main purpose of the _____ is to provide a convenient and efficient means of capturing and storing all components of the knowledge base.

Question 76

A judge evaluating evidence against a criminal based on his prior experiences is an example of exhibiting _____ knowledge.

Question 77

_____ are mechanical or computing devices that perform tasks requiring a high degree of precision or that are tedious or hazardous for humans.

Question 78

A(n) _____ points the knowledge worker to the needed knowledge.

Question 79

_____ include hardware and software that permit computers to capture, store, and process visual images.

Question 80

A(n) _____ consists of programs and a knowledge base used to perform a specific task for a person, a process, or another program.