Deck 11: Christian Societies Emerge in Europe

Question 1

The sixth-century "plague of Justinian" was

A) an economic crisis caused by the emperor's economic policies.
B) the death and destruction caused by Justinian's marauding armies.
C) the moral decay and social class struggle in the empire.
D) an outbreak of bubonic plague during Justinian's rule.
E) a further divide between the Western and Eastern Churches.

Answer 1

an outbreak of bubonic plague during Justinian's rule.

Question 2

What is considered the greatest Byzantine architectural monument?

A) Hagia Sophia
B) The Great Horn
C) The Hippodrome
D) The palace of the Porphyrogenitus rulers
E) The library of Alexius Comnenus

Answer 2

Hagia Sophia

Question 3

Technology to improve military skills in the Middle Ages included all of the following except

A) metal weapons.
B) stirrups.
C) chain mail.
D) heavy horses.
E) an early form of dynamite.

Answer 3

an early form of dynamite.

Question 4

After the fall of Rome in the fifth century, the western Roman Empire

A) became known as the Byzantine Empire.
B) fell under the control of Constantine.
C) fragmented into a handful of Germanic kingdoms.
D) had no powerful rulers or authority.
E) reasserted Roman rule.

Question 5

A fief was

A) a small, nonhereditary manor.
B) any estate governed by a hereditary lord.
C) any small and independent kingdom.
D) a Germanic peasant.
E) a grant of land exchanged for a sworn oath to provide military service.

Question 6

A significant Byzantine achievement in the ninth century, carried out by Cyrial and Methodius, was

A) the spread of Orthodox Christianity among the Slavs.
B) the introduction of Islam to southern Europe.
C) their shipbuilding and epics about the wars of the Mediterranean Sea.
D) a dynamic painting style conveying deep emotion and spiritual yearning.
E) their revival of the Olympic games.

Question 7

Which area did not endure Viking raids?

A) England
B) France
C) Muslim Spain.
D) Russia
E) Constantinople

Question 8

Why is the traditional description of Europe from 300 to 1200 as "feudal" an oversimplification?

A) The social structure of the Germanic peoples emphasized loyalty to the pope.
B) The relations between landowners and serfs varied from region to region.
C) Feudalism didn't begin until 1300.
D) Most of the old Roman system continued, particularly in France.
E) Scholars now know that "feudalism" as such never really existed.

Question 9

In general, which of the following did not occur in western Europe after the decline of Roman authority?

A) A legal framework disappeared.
B) There was increasing political fragmentation.
C) The population depended on local strongmen rather than on monarchs.
D) Roman traditions were replaced with family-based German traditions.
E) The city of Rome lost its prominence as the seat of the Roman church.

Question 10

A significant military threat to western Europe in the late 8th century came from Scandinavia when:

A) the Abbasid Caliphate's re-conquest of Islamic territories.
B) the reappearance from the eastern Steppes of the Huns.
C) uprisings of Germanic tribes against Charlemagne's expansion.
D) Viking raiders attacked and plundered the British, Danish, and French coastal areas.
E) a renewed naval fleet from Carthage.

Question 11

After the tenth century the Roman Catholic Church faced all of the following challenges except

A) disagreements over church regulations.
B) getting the office of pope more acknowledged internationally.
C) shortages of trained clergy.
D) continued infractions of the rules against clergy marrying.
E) residual pagan practices such as the worship of rivers, trees, and mountains.

Question 12

In medieval Europe, the primary centers for agricultural production were

A) scattered farms owned by the regional nobility.
B) small farms owned by those who worked on them.
C) self-sufficient farming estates known as manors.
D) normally worked by slaves.
E) communal property under village control.

Question 13

Schisms, the foremost threat to the Christian church in the Middle Ages, were

A) disputes between bishops concerning church lands.
B) formal divisions over differences in doctrine within a religious community.
C) disagreements between kings and church leaders over the extent of secular power.
D) arguments between local priests and the pope about church education.
E) disagreements between priests and lay followers about the wealth of the clergy.

Question 14

Agricultural workers who were legally bound to the manor and were obligated to perform set services for the lord were

A) satraps.
B) serfs.
C) mobads.
D) bailiffs.
E) sheriffs.

Question 15

In what area of France did Charles "The Hammer" Martel stop the expansion of the Muslims from Spain?

A) Gaul
B) Spain
C) Germany
D) Thrace
E) Britain

Question 16

After the seventh century, Byzantine women were increasingly confined to home life and

A) won increased rights to property and inheritance.
B) began to officially rule the empire.
C) were, according to some sources, concealing their faces behind veils in public.
D) were no longer allowed to serve as religious leaders.
E) no longer wore veils.

Question 17

The Treaty of Verdun resulted in

A) the formal declaration of Roman Christianity for kingdoms of Charlemagne.
B) a cessation of hostilities between the Muslims and Christians in Spain.
C) the division of the Holy Roman Empire among Charlemagne's grandsons.
D) a reconciliation between the Eastern Orthodox and Western (Catholic) Christian sects.
E) formal surrender of Constantinople to the Seljuk Turks.

Question 18

As time went on, armored knighthood was limited to those with revenue from land and

A) was restricted to those with hereditary titles.
B) continued only in areas with a free peasantry.
C) became the central figure in medieval warfare.
D) required permission of the king and the church.
E) was taught to all citizens.

Question 19

The schism of 1054 between the Eastern and Western churches was caused primarily by disagreements over practices of the Latin Church and

A) how mass should be celebrated.
B) the territorial jurisdiction of the western papacy.
C) monophysitism.
D) Arianism.
E) The Crusades.

Question 20

The end of Anglo-Saxon domination in England came in the late 11th century with:

A) the initiation of the Crusades.
B) the fall of the Umayyad caliphate.
C) civil war in Scandinavia recalling marauders home.
D) invasion of the Norman dukeWilliam the Conqueror.
E) overthrow of the witan by Celtic forces.

Question 21

Identify the following term(s).
medieval

Question 22

The Council of Clermont in 1095 brought

A) Pope Urban II's call for the First Crusade.
B) an end to the Christian Crusades.
C) a Christian-Islamic treaty at Jerusalem.
D) official recognition of Jerusalem as the Holy Land.
E) the end of the Great Schism that split the Christian church for fifty years.

Question 23

During the revival of Western Europe (1000-1200), the population nearly doubled, in part, because of

A) papal edicts to encourage increased birthrates.
B) the Christian Crusades.
C) technological innovations such as a new type of plow and efficient draft harnesses for pulling wagons.
D) the abolition of the death penalty for debtors across Europe.
E) the introduction of rice (from Arab lands) to the diet.

Question 24

The Bayeux Tapestry was designed and executed by:

A) French victors after the Battle of Hastings.
B) women.
C) a weaver's guild.
D) Carmelite nuns.
E) slaves.

Question 25

The movement for reformed monasticism under the austere Rule of Benedict included which of the following changes:

A) independence of the monastery from local secular politics.
B) poverty.
C) prayer at specified intervals.
D) hard labor.
E) all of the above.

Question 26

Justice and governance at the local level was usually provided by whom?

A) the king.
B) the reeves of a shire.
C) the lord of the manor.
D) the archbishop of the diocese.
E) local custom.

Question 27

Which of the following is not responsible for the success of many cities in Italy and Flanders?

A) They controlled extensive agricultural lands.
B) They passed laws making serfs free once they came to the city.
C) They were independent rather than controlled by feudal lords.
D) They specialized in trade and manufacturing.
E) They had more abundant coinage.

Question 28

A major center of pilgrimage in England due to the martyrdom of Thomas Becket was:

A) Canterbury.
B) Stonehenge.
C) St. Alban.
D) Glastonbury.
E) Salisbury.

Question 29

The Varangians who ruled early Russia were

A) Turkish nomads
B) displaced Byzantine aristocracy.
C) Swedish Vikings
D) Germanic tribesmen.
E) the Kievan nobility.

Question 30

Identify the following term(s).
Charlemagne

Question 31

A problem within the church was simony, or

A) appointment of one's relatives to church positions.
B) selling of absolution for sin in advance of committing it.
C) non-celibate clergy.
D) buying and selling of ecclesiastical appointments.
E) inclusion of non-ordained personnel in church services.

Question 32

In addition to providing many charitable services, one of the most important effects of monasticism was:

A) the preservation of literacy and learning, particularly with regard to ancient Latin texts.
B) the new hierarchy it imposed on the church.
C) the aggressive missionary efforts of Benedictine monks.
D) the creation of a religious warrior class.
E) preserving the work of the ancient Greeks.

Question 33

The term investiture controversy refers to the

A) dispute over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands.
B) debate over how to invest church funds.
C) conflict over choosing new popes.
D) amount of power local priests were allowed.
E) issue of whether a noble could marry a commoner.

Question 34

Books within the Catholic church to guide priests about appropriate penance for sin were called:

A) hymnals.
B) catechism.
C) triptychs
D) hagiographies.
E) penitentials.

Question 35

Which of the following is not true about the Crusades?

A) They were a series of religiously inspired campaigns.
B) After 1071, the Seljuk Turk threat to pilgrims had subsided.
C) Economic forces such as the desire to increase trade and land hunger were contributing factors.
D) The pope promised atonement from sins for the Crusaders.
E) The Crusaders captured Jerusalem.

Question 36

In Kievan Russia, the manorial agricultural system of western Europe never developed, instead power derived from

A) landholding.
B) warfare.
C) religion.
D) trade.
E) mining.

Question 37

As a result of the Crusades, Europeans were exposed to all of the following except

A) Arabic translations of ancient Greek science and philosophy.
B) access to a variety of classical Latin works, particularly those of Aristotle, heretofore unknown in western Europe.
C) pasta, paper, and refined sugar.
D) hard soap and colored glass.
E) original thought-provoking works by Arab and Iranian writers.

Question 38

One early Russian chronicle reports that Vladimir I rejected Judaism due to doubts about a powerful god who would let the ancient Jewish kingdom be destroyed, and he chose Orthodox Christianity over Islam because:

A) he felt that Islam was more appropriate to nomadic peoples.
B) he felt that a relationship with Islam would do nothing to promote trade.
C) he got special dispensation from the pope to marry two wives.
D) he knew that Islam forbade alcohol consumption.
E) he was a great art lover, and in his view Islam had no beautiful religious buildings.

Question 39

The reform monastic movement started in France was centered at

A) Cluny
B) Clarveaux
C) Aquitaine
D) Paris
E) Aix-la-Chappell.

Question 40

One of the most significant sources of conflict for western Europe between 1000 and 1400 was

A) a struggle for power between the church and state.
B) a struggle for holding together the Holy Roman Empire as Charlemagne had created it.
C) a struggle to keep the Muslims from crossing the Straits of Gibraltar.
D) the loss of status when Russia chose to convert to the "eastern" form of Christianity.
E) the reputation of corrupt popes.

Question 41

Identify the following term(s).
monasticism

Question 42

Identify the following term(s).
Kievan Russia

Question 43

Identify the following term(s).
Book of Kells

Question 44

Identify the following term(s).
papacy

Question 45

Identify the following term(s).
Byzantine Empire

Question 46

Identify the following term(s).
schism

Question 47

Identify the following term(s).
manor

Question 48

How did the decline of the Byzantine Empire correlate with the growth in the power and prestige of the Holy Roman Empire in western Europe?

Question 49

Identify the following term(s).
investiture controversy

Question 50

Identify the following term(s).
Holy Roman Empire

Question 51

Identify the following term(s).
serf

Question 52

Identify the following term(s).
vassal

Question 53

Identify the following term(s).
Orthodox Christianity

Question 54

Identify the following term(s).
Carolingian

Question 55

Identify the following term(s).
Hagia Sophia

Question 56

Identify the following term(s).
Thomas a Becket

Question 57

Identify the following term(s).
horse collar

Question 58

Identify the following term(s).
Crusades

Question 59

Identify the following term(s).
fief

Question 60

Identify the following term(s).
pilgrimage

Question 61

Refer to Map (in the textbook) 11.2 and explain how the Roman Empire fragmented into many Germanic kingdoms. What role might languages have played in the authority of the Germanic kings?

Question 62

Describe the political and economic transformation of medieval Europe after the decline of Rome. How did the organization of Medieval European societies differ from that of Rome at its height? What role did invading forces have in this transformation?

Question 63

What was the critical means of transmitting Orthodox Christianity to the Slavic regions?

Question 64

Using Map (in the textbook) 11.4, trace the paths of the important Crusades, noting their dates and the major battles. Indicate any territory that the Crusades may have captured and the years the territory was held.

Question 65

What were the causes and consequences of the Crusades?

Question 66

Which of the following technologies continued to grow after the collapse of the Roman economy?

Question 67

Refer to Map (in the textbook) 11.2 and discuss how this new fragmented European Map (in the textbook) defended itself from invaders. What groups aggressively challenged these new European kingdoms?

Question 68

Discuss the internal and external challenges, threats and changes facing the Western Christian church between 300 and 1200.

Question 69

In 962, the pope crowned the first of the German princes the...

Question 70

What was the most important form of monasticism in early medieval Europe, and why?

Question 71

A grant of land in return for a pledge to provide military service was called a ________?

Question 72

Using Map (in the textbook) 11.4, explain the differences in Crusading routes and tactics between the early and later Crusades.

Question 73

Refer to Map (in the textbook) 11.1 and show how the focus of medieval Europe was characterized by a "move away from the Mediterranean" and toward the north and west. How did this shift bring Europe into conflict with Islamic civilizations?

Question 74

Using Map (in the textbook) 11.3 and the chapter, describe the significance of Kievan Russia adopting the Christianity of the Byzantine Empire. How did this decision form an alliance between them, and how did it strengthen Eastern Orthodoxy in conflicts with the Western Church after 1054?

Question 75

Describe the process by which Vladimir I chose Orthodox Christianity for Kievan Russia.

Question 76

Refer to Map (in the textbook) 11.1 and point out the five patriarchates of Christianity. How did the location of four of them in the eastern realm challenge church politics, particularly in contributing to the schism of 1054?

Question 77

What were the significant technological developments in the Late Middle Ages, and how were they responsible for expanding the European economy?

Question 78

Describe life in feudal society in the period from 600 to 1000.