Question 1

The literature review section of a research report includes a summary of which of the following?&#10;A) Description of study sample&#10;B) Empirical literature&#10;C) Funding sources&#10;D) Proposed methods and design

Accepted Answer

Two main types of sources are cited in the review of literature for research: theoretical and empirical. The word "empirical" is defined as knowledge derived from research. Empirical literature includes published studies, usually in journals or books, and unpublished studies, such as master's theses and doctoral dissertations.
The study sample is specific to the study being reported and is not included in the review of the literature. The correct answer is empirical literature. Two main types of sources are cited in the review of literature for research: theoretical and empirical. The word "empirical" is defined as knowledge derived from research. Empirical literature includes published studies, usually in journals or books, and unpublished studies, such as master's theses and doctoral dissertations.
The literature review summarizes what has been done in the area so far; funding sources for the study would not be included in this section. The correct answer is empirical literature. Two main types of sources are cited in the review of literature for research: theoretical and empirical. The word "empirical" is defined as knowledge derived from research. Empirical literature includes published studies, usually in journals or books, and unpublished studies, such as master's theses and doctoral dissertations.
Methods and designs would be included in the methodology section. The correct answer is empirical literature. Two main types of sources are cited in the review of literature for research: theoretical and empirical. The word "empirical" is defined as knowledge derived from research. Empirical literature includes published studies, usually in journals or books, and unpublished studies such as master's theses and doctoral dissertations.

Question 2

A researcher wanting to locate a conceptual framework to guide a particular research study would be most likely to find one in which of the following sources?&#10;A) A descriptive study&#10;B) A dissertation&#10;C) Empirical literature&#10;D) Theoretical literature

Accepted Answer

The review of literature section will include the theoretical model or conceptual framework used in that particular study, a description of the current knowledge of a practice problem, the gaps in this knowledge base, and the contribution of the present study to the development of knowledge in this research area. If a conceptual framework was used, it would be in the literature review section.
Descriptive studies are primarily concerned with research in new areas of interest.
The correct answer is theoretical literature. The review of literature section will include a description of the current knowledge of a practice problem, the gaps in this knowledge base, and the contribution of the present study to the development of knowledge in this area.
Empirical literature includes published studies. The review of literature section will include a description of the current knowledge of a practice problem, the gaps in this knowledge base, and the contribution of the present study to the development of knowledge in this area.
Dissertations are doctoral research studies. The review of literature section will include a description of the current knowledge of a practice problem, the gaps in this knowledge base, and the contribution of the present study to the development of knowledge in this area.

Question 3

In the following APA formatted reference, to what does the 21 refer? Harris, R. M., Bausell, R. B., Scott, D. E., Hetherington, S. E., & Kavanagh, K. H. (1998). An intervention for changing high-risk HIV behaviors of African American drug-dependent women. Research in Nursing and Health, 21(3), 239-250.

A) Bibliographical reference
B) Chapter number
C) Issue number
D) Volume number

Volume number

Accepted Answer

The bibliographical information on a source should be recorded in a systematic manner. Many journals and academic institutions use the American Psychological Association format. The "21" denotes the volume number.
The bibliographical reference is the whole entry.
Chapter numbers are not included in the citation.
The issue number is 3.

Question 4

The primary purpose for reviewing relevant literature is to:&#10;A) delineate the existing knowledge base of an identified problem.&#10;B) develop conceptual and operational definitions of variables.&#10;C) interpret previous research findings.&#10;D) select the research design.

Accepted Answer

The literature review includes what is known and not known about the study problem.
Conceptual and operational definitions of variables are created by the researcher for the study and, although based on what can be found in the literature, are not the most important reasons for conducting the literature review. The literature review includes what is known and not known about the study problem.
The literature review presents what has been found in previous studies. The literature review includes what is known and not known about the study problem.
The research design is selected according to the research problem. The literature review includes what is known and not known about the study problem.

Question 5

Which of the following types of information is consistently covered in a quantitative literature review?&#10;A) Anecdotal opinions of expert researchers&#10;B) Approaches used to investigate similar problems&#10;C) Clinical impressions of related phenomena&#10;D) Descriptions of effective clinical outcomes

Accepted Answer

Current knowledge based on previous research is emphasized throughout the quantitative literature review.
Although anecdotal opinions may be mentioned on occasion, this is not a consistent part of a literature review. The correct answer is "Approaches used to investigate similar problems." Current knowledge based on previous research is emphasized throughout the quantitative literature review.
The literature review focuses on previous research findings, not impressions.
The correct answer is "Approaches used to investigate similar problems." Current knowledge based on previous research is emphasized throughout the quantitative literature review.
Every quantitative study does not include clinical outcomes. The correct answer is "Approaches used to investigate similar problems." Current knowledge based on previous research is emphasized throughout the quantitative literature review.

Question 6

When the researcher uses the linking feature for an article within a database, what occurs?&#10;A) Graphic images connected to the topic are displayed.&#10;B) Information about the author &#34;pops up.&#34;&#10;C) If available, the full text becomes accessible while still connected to the database.&#10;D) There is a move from one database to another.

Accepted Answer

Within each database, there is the opportunity to link to the full text of an article. When this feature is used, the reader is taken to the full text if held within or through that database. The reader does not actually exit from the original site.
This is not the importance of linking.
No "pop-ups" are a part of the linking feature.
The move from one database to another is a desirable feature, but is not available yet.

Question 7

Web searches will mainly provide:&#10;A) additional research studies on the topic.&#10;B) interesting information about the topic.&#10;C) refereed articles on the topic of interest.&#10;D) research critiques about the literature.

Accepted Answer

The Internet has a lot of information that may be interesting, but is not usually considered research reference
The Internet does not usually provide research studies.
Recognized scientific journals contain referred articles.
The Internet does not generally provide valid research critiques.

Question 8

Which of the following indexes would provide the largest number of relevant nursing sources?&#10;A) Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature&#10;B) International Nursing Index&#10;C) MedLine&#10;D) Nursing Studies Index

Accepted Answer

In nursing the most relevant database is the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL).

Question 9

Complex searches are useful in conducting a review of literature because:&#10;A) combining keywords can limit the findings to more useful sources.&#10;B) hundreds of sources can be located at one time.&#10;C) the same search rules can be used each time.&#10;D) they eliminate irrelevant sources.

Accepted Answer

The advantage of performing a complex search is that the results of the search are limited to sources that only include all of the topics needed, thus limiting the number of irrelevant references.
Although hundreds of sources may be found, this is not necessarily an advantage unless they are needed, and if the search is limited appropriately, then the number of sources may be much smaller.
Each database has its own rules for searching.
Although irrelevant sources are more limited, the researcher still must cull out those that are not appropriate.

Question 10

Which of the following sources would be most useful for a researcher conducting a literature review?&#10;A) Article from a non-refereed professional journal&#10;B) Expert opinion article written by a noted theorist&#10;C) Discussion of the latest research findings in a lay journal&#10;D) Research reports found in a refereed professional journal

Accepted Answer

Research reports detailing study events including results and analysis of findings included in refereed professional journals are considered one of the most credible types of evidence and are typically considered one of the most useful sources for researchers as they conduct a literature review for a current study. Articles found in refereed journals have been evaluated in an anonymous process by unbiased reviewers and received favorable review, not only for the integrity of the research itself, but the topic of interest deemed significant to the profession.
Articles found in non-refereed journals have not been reviewed by peer researchers or clinicians for their worthiness and accuracy. These articles have limited usefulness to researchers as they conduct a literature review.
Expert opinion articles may not contain sufficient information of pertinent research or theoretical findings and have limited usefulness to researchers conducting a review of literature.
Articles discussing the latest research findings in lay journals may not contain sufficient detail for the researcher to include in a review of the literature.

Question 11

A critical aspect of beginning a database search for relevant literature on a topic of interest involves identifying:&#10;A) electronic journals.&#10;B) existing knowledge.&#10;C) keywords.&#10;D) reference management software.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A critical aspect of beginning a database...

Question 12

One significant criterion to use when critiquing a literature review is to:&#10;A) count the number of references cited.&#10;B) determine the value of the research study.&#10;C) identify the facilities where cited research was conducted.&#10;D) make note of the source of the articles cited.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One significant criterion to use when critiquing...

Question 13

__________________ results of previous studies is the best way to make the literature review read smoothly.&#10;A) Applying&#10;B) Citing&#10;C) Describing&#10;D) Paraphrasing

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________________ results of previous studies is the...

Question 14

In using available electronic sources, a researcher:&#10;A) can find unlimited sources in an academic library.&#10;B) is able to access sources that were not readily available in the past.&#10;C) should look only on the Internet to find the best references.&#10;D) will become overwhelmed if the number of data bases is not limited.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In using available electronic sources, a researcher:&#10;A)...

Question 15

Which of the following represents a primary source?&#10;A) A compiled listing of articles related to the main topic of interest&#10;B) A published summary of the relevant research in a clinical care area&#10;C) A report of a study written by the researcher who did the study&#10;D) A review of the current literature of an identified clinical problem

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following represents a primary...

Question 16

At what point in the research process is the literature review conducted in a qualitative investigation?&#10;A) After study completion&#10;B) Before study implementation&#10;C) Depends on the type of study&#10;D) During study implementation

Accepted Answer

The answer of At what point in the research process...

Question 17

Which of the following qualitative researchers would conduct their literature reviews in a way most consistent with that of a quantitative researcher?&#10;A) Ethnographic researcher&#10;B) Grounded theorist&#10;C) Nurse historian&#10;D) Phenomenological researcher

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following qualitative researchers would...

Question 18

In which section of the research report might the problem statement be located?&#10;A) Implications&#10;B) Literature review&#10;C) Methods&#10;D) Results

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which section of the research report...

Question 19

A researcher using a lot of literature from a variety of sources might use which of the following to organize the search?&#10;A) Databases&#10;B) Keywords&#10;C) Reference management software&#10;D) Search engines

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher using a lot of literature...

Question 20

Which of the following would generally be a good way to limit a literature search?&#10;A) Choosing a wide time frame&#10;B) Narrowing the keywords&#10;C) Requesting a certain author&#10;D) Selecting only in print sources

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would generally be...

Question 21

Which of the following would not be empirical research?&#10;A) Editorial in a prestigious research journal&#10;B) Examination of ways to reduce test anxiety&#10;C) Master's thesis-because it is conducted by a student&#10;D) Small study with a sample size of 10

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would not be...

Question 22

In writing the introduction to a literature review, which of the following should be included?&#10;A) A description of the focus of the review&#10;B) A summary of the best research on the topic&#10;C) The main statistical tests used in research on the subject&#10;D) The reason the selected topic is of interest to the researcher

Accepted Answer

The answer of In writing the introduction to a literature...

Question 23

In looking through the literature review of a published study, how would &#34;relevant literature&#34; be operationalized best?&#10;A) The literature would all be in English so that the American reader can understand it.&#10;B) All the studies would have been conducted within the last 5 years.&#10;C) The references should give a meaningful picture of the research problem.&#10;D) The review will be broad to encompass all that is known about the research topic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In looking through the literature review of...

Question 24

In conducting a complex search, the researcher's main goal is to:&#10;A) create as long a list of possible sources as possible.&#10;B) establish a baseline of how many studies are available on the topic.&#10;C) find out whether the topic is too difficult for study.&#10;D) focus the literature review.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In conducting a complex search, the researcher's...

Question 25

Which of the following statements in the critique of a study would indicate to the reader that the study contains information that could assist in implementing new findings into practice?&#10;A) &#34;All the references are current and relevant to the topic of interest. The author is to be commended.&#34;&#10;B) &#34;Further study is clearly needed from the lack of agreement among the experts represented in the review of literature.&#34;&#10;C) &#34;The literature presented in this review seems to agree that the suggested intervention leads to better patient compliance.&#34;&#10;D) &#34;This study does an excellent job of reviewing all the literature on use of compression stockings.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements in the...

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true regarding the purpose of a literature review in a quantitative study?&#10;A) Different sections of the research report in a quantitative study make use of literature for support of what is being presented.&#10;B) For quantitative studies, relevant literature is only presented in the &#34;literature review&#34; section of the report, leaving other sections for the numerical analyses.&#10;C) The purpose of the literature review varies according to what type of quantitative study is being conducted.&#10;D) The researcher locates all relevant research on the topic before beginning the study and then uses it in the report.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements is true...

Question 27

A written plan for a computerized search may prove helpful. Which of the following is not typically included in a search plan?&#10;A) A way to store references&#10;B) Databases that include lay literature&#10;C) Keywords&#10;D) Previously found literature

Accepted Answer

The answer of A written plan for a computerized search...

Question 28

In historical research, how does the literature review fit into the study?&#10;A) Literature more than 5 years old has to be examined closely for its place in the study.&#10;B) Literature searches provide information on what data are needed.&#10;C) The literature review is the most important portion of the study.&#10;D) The researcher uses the literature review to select and define the research topic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In historical research, how does the literature...

Question 29

In conducting a thorough critique of a literature review in a published study, which of the following are expected of the critique writer?&#10;A) A count must be made to make sure that the correct number of sources has been included.&#10;B) The reviewer must examine the quality and content of the sources presented.&#10;C) The reviewer must study the reference list to check for validity of the literature.&#10;D) To determine that all relevant literature has been included, the reviewer must search the literature for relevant sources.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In conducting a thorough critique of a...

Question 30

How can a nurse who practices in the clinical area find out what the best practices are for that specialty?&#10;A) Create a critique of available literature.&#10;B) Critique expert opinion papers on the subject.&#10;C) Develop a summary of all research on the topic.&#10;D) Read published meta-analyses.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can a nurse who practices in...

Question 31

Which of the following would help you clearly determine whether a source is primary or secondary?&#10;A) Abstract of the article&#10;B) Author's name and affiliation&#10;C) List of references&#10;D) Title of the article

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following would help you...

Question 32

In searching the literature to find sources to build the foundation for a study, which of the following are usually not included in quantitative studies?&#10;A) Case studies&#10;B) Descriptive research studies&#10;C) Lay literature&#10;D) Qualitative research

Accepted Answer

The answer of In searching the literature to find sources...

Question 33

One advantage of an integrative review of research is that:&#10;A) emphasis is placed on what is not known.&#10;B) multidisciplinary literature has been filtered out.&#10;C) previous research findings have been synthesized.&#10;D) statistical analyses of the summarized research are conducted.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One advantage of an integrative review of...

Question 34

In conducting an electronic search, which of the following bits of information typically is not found in search fields?&#10;A) Abstract&#10;B) Bibliography&#10;C) Journal subset&#10;D) Language

Accepted Answer

The answer of In conducting an electronic search, which of...

Deck 6: Understanding the Literature Review in Published Studies