Question 1

Which of the following correctly indicates the amount of clinical control nursing has over the implementation and evaluation of an intervention?&#10;A) Dependent variables must be under nursing control.&#10;B) Experimental controls must be maintained in the clinical area when the intervention is implemented in daily practice.&#10;C) Nursing must have independent control over the intervention if it is to be implemented successfully.&#10;D) Valid clinical measures need to be available to clinical nurses to monitor outcomes from interventions.

Accepted Answer

After implementation of an intervention, nurses need to evaluate the effectiveness of the change to determine whether the change should be embraced or reevaluated.
There is no need for dependent variables to be under a nurse's control.
Once the study is complete, useful findings can be implemented outside of experimental conditions.
Independent control is not necessary for successful implementation.

Question 2

Stetler and Marram developed a model concerned with:&#10;A) research use.&#10;B) role progression from novice to expert.&#10;C) strategies for coping and change.&#10;D) system stability and adaptability.

Accepted Answer

Stetler's (1994, 2001) model is to make using research evidence in practice a conscious, critical thinking process that is initiated by the user.
Stetler's model concerns research utilization, not role progression.
Stetler's model concerns research utilization, not coping strategies.
Stetler's model concerns research utilization, not system stability and adaptability.

Question 3

Which strategy would best address the difficulty practicing nurses have with understanding research terminology?&#10;A) Authorization for a federally funded national program to educate all nurses regarding research terminology&#10;B) Increased publication of research articles targeted at the practicing nurse instead of nursing scientists&#10;C) Knowledge of the research process incorporated into the NCLEX&#10;D) Mandated entry level for nursing at the baccalaureate level

Accepted Answer

Practicing nurses should be able to easily read and understand how the findings from a research study are applicable in nursing practice.
Authorization for a federally funded national program to educate all nurses regarding research terminology would be very difficult to obtain and is not under the control of nurses.
Incorporating items on NCLEX regarding research may encourage nurses entering the profession to learn more research terminology, but would not ensure the same for practicing nurses already licensed.
Although mandating a baccalaureate entry level may be desirable, it would not ensure understanding of research terminology.

Question 4

As a nurse who identifies a need for improvement in patient care, what would you do first to establish a new evidence-based guideline for practice?&#10;A) Conduct a thorough literature review.&#10;B) Enlist the support of affiliating physicians.&#10;C) Institute a research use project.&#10;D) Write the National Guideline Clearinghouse for information.

Accepted Answer

Completing a literature review on the topic will provide information on possible guidelines already established and a broad baseline of previous scientific work on the topic.
Support from all health care personnel involved will be important, but is not a first step.
Without a literature review, it would be hard to implement a research use project.
It would be useful to go to the National Guideline Clearinghouse web site, but premature to write them.

Question 5

An organization that facilitates research use would be characterized by:&#10;A) a management style that supports nurses.&#10;B) committed use of acceptable nursing policies and practices.&#10;C) reluctance to change.&#10;D) support for new ideas and innovations.

Accepted Answer

Organizations with management styles and communication patterns that encourage innovation and change are more likely to embrace and encourage research use in practice.
Support of the nursing staff would not in and of itself be enough to facilitate research use unless nurses put it as a top priority.
Traditional nursing policies and practices may not facilitate current research use, and a desire for "acceptable ones" is not enough to facilitate research use.
Successful research use requires a willingness to change.

Question 6

Developing evidence-based guidelines involves which of the following?&#10;A) Meta-analyses of a topic of interest&#10;B) Panels of experts sharing their opinions on best practices&#10;C) Quasi-experimental studies&#10;D) Rigorous experimental studies

Accepted Answer

The strongest research evidence is synthesized to develop recommendations for practice. Often consultants, other researchers, and additional expert clinicians are asked to review the guidelines as well.
Although panels of experts may be asked to review the guidelines, the use of meta-analyses provides the strongest research evidence.
Quasi-experimental studies, along with other studies, are included in meta-analyses to provide the strongest research evidence.
Rigorous experimental studies are analyzed together in meta-analyses to provide the strongest research evidence.

Question 7

Which of the following is one of the characteristics of an innovation that determines the probability and speed at which an idea will be adopted?&#10;A) Authenticity&#10;B) Compatibility&#10;C) Multiplicity&#10;D) Uniqueness

Accepted Answer

Innovations that are consistent with current values, past experiences, and need priorities are more likely to be adopted in practice quickly.
Authenticity is not a characteristic of an innovation.
Uniqueness is not a characteristic of an innovation.
Multiplicity is not a characteristic of an innovation.

Question 8

Which of the following would new BSN graduates do if they wanted to develop an evidence-based practice?&#10;A) Review literature related to the types of patients they see each day.&#10;B) Subscribe to a specialty nursing journal that describes theoretical-based clinical concepts.&#10;C) Submit a grant proposal to try a new method of wound dressing.&#10;D) Write a report in which practices are evidence based on their unit.

Accepted Answer

BSN graduates are prepared to become informed consumers of nursing research and evidence-based practice, so reviewing literature related to the types of patients they see each day is a prime method to assist BSN-prepared nurses to develop an evidence-based practice.
Subscribing to journals that describe relevant evidence-based research issues is a prime method to assist BSN-prepared nurses to develop an evidence-based practice.
Submitting grant proposals is the role of nurses with more education and experience.
Writing a report does not in and of itself demonstrate an evidence-based practice.

Question 9

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is noted for development of which of the following?&#10;A) A use model for the implementation of research findings in the provision of health care&#10;B) An international panel of experts to determine the areas requiring research to improve health care&#10;C) Clinical practice guidelines to direct health care practices&#10;D) Integrative reviews of nursing research to be shared with other health care providers

Accepted Answer

AHRQ provides numerous practice guidelines relevant to nursing care.
AHRQ did not create a use model. AHRQ provides numerous practice guidelines relevant to nursing care.
AHRQ did not establish an international panel. AHRQ provides numerous practice guidelines relevant to nursing care.
AHRQ is not noted for integrative reviews of nursing research. AHRQ provides numerous practice guidelines relevant to nursing care.

Question 10

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the research use process?&#10;A) If nurses decide not to implement findings of a study or set of studies, they are resistant to change.&#10;B) Making a decision to delay use of research findings in practice indicates the process was not carried out properly.&#10;C) Support for change will be stronger when this type of process is used to introduce new ideas and treatments.&#10;D) This process is only appropriate for experienced researchers and not staff nurses.

Accepted Answer

Planned, organized change is most effective in moving organizations toward new ideas and practices.
There can be many reasons for not implementing findings of a study. Planned, organized change is most effective in moving organizations toward new ideas and practices.
A decision to delay implementation is more likely an indication of resistance to change.
Nurses of all levels should be prepared to implement research findings. Planned, organized change is most effective in moving organizations toward new ideas and practices.

Question 11

Which of the following is related to the feasibility of implementing a new nursing intervention?&#10;A) Degree of change people will need to make&#10;B) Relevance to health care practice&#10;C) Reliability and validity of the measures used&#10;D) Significance of scientific merit

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is related to...

Question 12

Research utilization is characterized by:&#10;A) a doctorally-prepared nurse directing a multisite study.&#10;B) complicated and sophisticated protocols for collecting empirical evidence.&#10;C) use of nursing research only by the nursing community.&#10;D) using research knowledge in practice to achieve the desired outcomes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Research utilization is characterized by:&#10;A) a doctorally-prepared...

Question 13

Which of the following strategies for use is most amenable to adoption by baccalaureate nursing students and new graduates?&#10;A) Making poster presentations at local and regional clinical nursing conferences&#10;B) Preparing integrative reviews of completed research for publication in clinical journals&#10;C) Reading professional journals critically and reporting the findings at staff meetings&#10;D) Replicating studies and publishing the results in refereed journal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following strategies for use...

Question 14

The best measure of successful evidence-based practice is:&#10;A) acceptance of the practice to the point of being included in the policy manual.&#10;B) agreement of the health care team, which leads to consistent care for the patient.&#10;C) dissemination of the practice in nursing journals.&#10;D) patient satisfaction and positive outcomes increasing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The best measure of successful evidence-based practice...

Question 15

A model of research use, such as the Stetler model, has been designed to:&#10;A) provide a comprehensive framework to enhance the use of research evidence by nurses to facilitate an evidence-based practice.&#10;B) help nurses find perfect research studies for clinical application.&#10;C) promote implementation of detailed, structured protocols based on single studies in practice.&#10;D) validate use of current practices and minimize change in practice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A model of research use, such as...

Question 16

Which of the following is the last stage in Stetler's research utilization model?&#10;A) Evaluation&#10;B) Comparative Evaluation&#10;C) Translation/Application&#10;D) Preparation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the last...

Question 17

In developing an evidence-based practice, who should the nurse include in any plans to implement a new guideline?&#10;A) CEO of the facility because support from the top is always needed for change to be successful&#10;B) Patients because they must live with the treatment&#10;C) Physicians who may admit patients to the unit where the new practice will be instituted&#10;D) Researchers who provide the evidence

Accepted Answer

The answer of In developing an evidence-based practice, who should...

Question 18

Use of research findings in clinical areas is slow because:&#10;A) institutions prohibit use of nursing research.&#10;B) little clinically relevant research is being done.&#10;C) nurses are not usually rewarded for using research findings in practice.&#10;D) there is no nursing research to guide clinical practice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use of research findings in clinical areas...

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct statement regarding a change in practice based on research evidence?&#10;A) All members of the health care team need to be vigilant about monitoring the results of the implementation.&#10;B) Generally the physician takes over the responsibility for monitoring effectiveness of the change.&#10;C) It is not necessary to constantly monitor the results as with research use projects.&#10;D) Because nurses are with the patients all the time, they alone are responsible for monitoring change.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a correct...

Deck 13: Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice