Deck 15: Genomes and Genomics

Question 1

Which of the following methods uses gene cloning and genomic libraries?

A) Whole genome sequencing
B) Map-based sequencing
C) DNA base sequencing
D) More than one of these
E) None of these

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What comprises about half of our non-coding DNA?

A) Introns
B) Promoter regions
C) Exons
D) Repeating sequences
E) Single nucleotide polymorphisms

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Genes in other species are useful for finding genes in the human genome.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In positional cloning, the inheritance of a disease in a pedigree was linked to the inheritance of

A) other diseases or conditions.
B) a specific blood type.
C) other genes whose loci were known.
D) marker sequences produced by restriction enzymes.
E) all of these.

Question 5

The first linkage study showed that ____________ genes were linked to genes related to the disorder ____________.

A) color-perception; hemophilia
B) color-perception; nail-patella syndrome
C) ABO blood type; Down sydrome
D) ABO blood type; nail-patella syndrome
E) ABO blood type; hemophilia

Question 6

The number of proteins produced by the human genome is significantly less than the number of genes it contains.

Question 7

The goal of pharmacogenetics is to identify genes related to human diseases.

Question 8

Overall, genes are unevenly distributed along their chromosomes.

Question 9

The number of genes in the human genome is estimated to be between

A) 20,000 and 25,000.
B) 50,000 and 75,000.
C) 150,000 and 200,000.
D) 5,000 and 10,000.
E) 80,000 and 100,000.

Question 10

Which one of the following is NOT a role of proteomics in research?

A) Understanding gene function.
B) Identifying proteins that are markers for disease.
C) Understanding how genes function in development and aging.
D) Finding proteins that are targets for drugs to treat diseases.
E) Mapping the location of genes on chromosomes.

Question 11

Two genes have a lod score of 1.2. This indicates that the two genes are most likely __________.

A) moderately linked
B) loosely linked
C) tightly linked
D) on separate chromosomes
E) in separate genomes

Question 12

Annotation is a process done to find all genes that

A) code for protein.
B) are active in any given cell type.
C) encode any RNA or protein product.
D) are linked on any one chromosome.
E) exist in a species.

Question 13

The bands on chromosomes correspond to

A) gene-poor regions.
B) gene-rich regions
C) regions where specific proteins attach to the chromosomes.
D) regions actively transcribing RNA.
E) regions where genes are not transcribing RNA.

Question 14

One finding of the HGP was that mutations in ____________ can cause mutations in distant regions of the genome, which can result in cancer.

A) DNA repair genes
B) promoter regions
C) introns
D) single nucleotide polymorphisms
E) DNA polymerase genes

Question 15

The exome refers to the _________________.

A) portion of the genome that encodes proteins
B) portion of the genome that contains introns
C) portion of the genome that contains regulatory sequences
D) entire genome
E) guanine based genes

Question 16

A branch of genomics that generates three-dimensional structures from their amino acid sequences is _____________.

A) bioinformatics
B) comparative genomics
C) structural genomics
D) pharmacogenomics
E) proteomics

Question 17

The confirmed diagnosis that Baby T had Bartter syndrome was based on the use of a method called ____________.

A) whole genome analysis
B) whole exome analysis
C) whole introme analysis
D) whole nucleotide analysis
E) whole proteome analysis

Question 18

The ELSI program of the Human Genome Project is investigating all of the following areas of concern EXCEPT:

A) protection of personal genetic information.
B) genetic targets for biological warfare agents.
C) the genetic components of ethnicity.
D) the impact of learning about contributions of genes to behavior.
E) the ethical boundaries for use of genomics and genetic information.

Question 19

Which of the following sequences indicates the promoter region of a gene?

A) CAAT
B) UAAG
C) CTTT
D) ACAT
E) TAAC

Question 20

Approximately what percent of the human genome encodes genetic information?

A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 15
E) 50

Question 21

The genetic map of a chromosome in females are consistently the same length in cM as the map of the same chromosome in males are.

Question 22

A method used to link genetic markers with specific genes on chromosomes is called _____________.

Question 23

Two genes have a lod score of 6.1. This means that the two genes are most likely on different chromosomes.

Question 24

Positional cloning is a method used to determine linkage of genes.

Question 25

Distances on genetic maps are measured in ______________ and distances on physical maps are measured in _______________.

Question 26

It is currently illegal to offer genome sequencing and analysis services to the public without being specifically licensed to do so.

Question 27

Distances between genes in cM are directly proportional to the physical distances between them on the chromosome.

Question 28

The portion of the genome that encodes proteins is called the ____________.

Question 29

The Human Genome Project was responsible for discovery of a new class of mutation, the ____________________.

Question 30

Genes on the same chromosome are said to show ______________.

Question 31

The term open reading frame (ORF) corresponds to the parts of genes called ____________________.

Question 32

Within the Human Genome Project, the program named ____________________ considers how the project affects individuals and society.

Question 33

The scientific field of ______________ uses computers to store, analyze, visualize, and access genomic sequence data.

Question 34

The first evidence of linkage between human genes was for two genes found to be located on ____________________.

Question 35

The field of study named ____________________ has developed software to efficiently store, analyze, and present genomic information.

Question 36

The private attempt to sequence the human genome, coordinated by Celera Corporation, used a method called ____________________ cloning.

Question 37

The techniques by which DNA sequence information is used for deriving the three-dimensional structure of proteins is called ____________________ genomics.

Question 38

The Human Genome Project took much longer to complete and cost more than was originally anticipated.

Question 39

The scientific field of study that analyzes genes and proteins to identify targets for therapeutic drugs is ___________________.

Question 40

Frataxin, the protein involved in Friedreich ataxia, is located in cells' ____________________.

Question 41

What is some of the important or useful information that can be gained from proteomics that is not available from genomics?

Question 42

Discuss three issues associated with the Human Genome Project that would have either ethical, legal, or social implications in the future.

Question 43

According to the text, functions have been assigned to approximately ____________ percent of the genes identified in the human genome.

Question 44

What are appropriate roles for (a) the government, (b) private enterprises, and (c) not-for-profit organizations and foundations in research on the human genome?

Question 45

What are various ways in which human medicine has gained or stands to gain from genomics?

Question 46

It has long been noted that organisms such as humans, considered among the most complex of all organisms, have fewer genes and less DNA than some "simpler" organisms. Explain how a species can be more complex than another even though it possesses fewer genes.

Question 47

How has information technology and computing become indispensable for genomics?

Question 48

What are some ways in which genetic information about a person can be (a) helpful and (b) harmful to that person?

Question 49

A set of SNPs close together on a chromosome is called a _______________.