Deck 13: Antivirals, Antiretrovirals, and Anti-fungal Medications

Question 1

Nystatin is a polyene antifungal medication used primarily for the treatment of which of the following conditions?

A) Nasal congestion
B) Common colds
C) Vaginal yeast
D) Ear wax

Answer 1

Vaginal yeast

Question 2

Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide to a patient taking an antifungal medication?

A) "Do not stop treatment when symptoms disappear."
B) "Two weeks of therapy are usually all that is needed."
C) "Keep your unused medication for up to 1 year in case you need it again."
D) "Thankfully,there are very few side effects to these drugs."

Answer 2

"Do not stop treatment when symptoms disappear."

Question 3

Most of the antiretroviral drugs are toxic to which of the following organs or organ systems?

A) Myocardium
B) Central nervous system
C) Kidney
D) Liver

Answer 3

Liver

Question 4

A patient infected with HIV comes into the clinic for a regular appointment and seems less depressed and more talkative.She has been on an antiretroviral drug for a few months.The patient tells the nurse she feels like she is cured,because she is taking the medication and feeling better.Which of the following represents what the nurse will say to this patient? (Select all that apply. )

A) "You started the medication early enough to be cured."
B) "HIV is not currently curable,but medication slows the advance of the disease."
C) "Over-the-counter medications such as aspirin will help the cure."
D) "Taking the medication prevents more virus from being produced."

Question 5

The nurse checks what other medications the patient is taking before instructing him about the antiretroviral he is started on.This is necessary for which of the following reasons?

A) The antiretroviral and other medications must be taken together.
B) The antiretroviral should be taken alone and not with other medications.
C) The antiretroviral and other medications must be taken with milk.
D) The antiretroviral should be taken with water 30 minutes before eating.

Question 6

A patient comes into the clinic complaining of being exposed to a coworker who has the flu.The patient is asymptomatic.The nurse anticipates that the physician will order which of the following?

A) Flumadine (rimantadine)
B) Valtrex (valacyclovir)
C) Ziagen (abacavir)
D) Crixivan (indinavir)

Question 7

Which of the following are the most common adverse reactions to antifungal medications? (Select all that apply. )

A) Nausea
B) Vomiting
C) Headache
D) Diarrhea

Question 8

Before antiretrovirals are started for patients infected with HIV,which of the following lab values should be obtained from the patient?

A) Triglycerides
B) Cholesterol
C) Vitamin C
D) T-lymphocyte count

Question 9

Nystatin is used to treat which of the following?

A) Oral Candida infections
B) Fungal infections involving the nail
C) Herpes zoster
D) Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)infections in children

Question 10

Which of the following dietary recommendations is given when administering the antifungal medication griseofulvin?

A) Take this medication with juice.
B) Take this medication with milk.
C) You must maintain a salt-free diet
D) Your meals should be high in fat.

Question 11

Antiretroviral agents exert their effect by which of the following means?

A) Boosting the body's T-cell production
B) Producing artificially acquired active immunity
C) Interfering with replication of the retrovirus
D) Lysing the DNA of the host cell

Question 12

Zovirax (acyclovir)is indicated in the treatment of which of the following?

A) Influenza A
B) Herpes simplex
C) Candida albicans
D) Vaginitis

Question 13

Which of the following groups of drugs limits the progression of HIV?

A) Antiretrovirals
B) Antivirals
C) Antibiotics
D) Antifungals

Question 14

Which of the following medications are considered nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)? (Select all that apply. )

A) Abacavir sulfate (Ziagen)
B) Lamivudine (3TC)(Epivir-HBV)
C) Atazanavir (Reyataz)
D) Efavirenz (Sustiva)

Question 15

A patient asks a nurse what an AIDS-related opportunistic infection is.Which of the following should be the nurse's reply?

A) "This infection is a first-generation metabolic infection."
B) "This infection is a toxic effect of the virus."
C) "This infection is from damage to the body's immune system."
D) "This infection is from an enlarged gallbladder."

Question 16

An HIV-infected patient asks,"Why do you have to wear gloves to dress the wound on my foot? I thought blood was the only thing you had to be careful with." Which of the following represents what the nurse will tell the patient?

A) "I don't know;I just put them on."
B) "Everyone wears gloves in the hospital."
C) "Your wound is draining clear fluid."
D) "I don't know;the wound is dry."

Question 17

A patient infected with AIDS tells the nurse that she has been only partially compliant with the medications because of the side effect of nausea.The nurse's best response is which of the following?

A) "When the nausea decreases,you can take the dosage."
B) "You should stop all medicine when nauseated and call your doctor."
C) "You should always take your medicine as prescribed,or it may not be effective."
D) "Didn't you know that nausea is expected with this therapy?"

Question 18

"Crix belly" is a syndrome characterized by which of the following? (Select all that apply. )

A) Elevated CBCs
B) Elevated triglycerides
C) Elevated cholesterol
D) Fat accumulation

Question 19

Which of the following conditions can result when antifungals are taken concurrently with corticosteroid therapy?

A) CNS depression
B) Superinfection
C) Anemia
D) Photophobia

Question 20

For cytomegalovirus (CMV)retinitis,the physician would prescribe which of the following types of medication?

A) Antifungal
B) Antiretroviral
C) Antibiotic
D) Antiviral