Deck 14: Health Problems of Toddlers and Preschoolers

Question 1

Vitamin A supplementation may be recommended for the young child who has which disease?

A)Mumps
B)Rubella
C)Measles (rubeola)
D)Erythema infectiosum

Answer 1

Measles (rubeola)

Question 2

Chelation therapy for lead poisoning is initiated when a child's blood level is _____ g/dl.

A)10 to 14
B)15 to 19
C)20 to 44
D)>45

Answer 2

>45

Question 3

Which is the most frequent source of acute childhood lead poisoning?

A)Folk remedies
B)Unglazed pottery
C)Lead-based paint
D)Cigarette butts and ashes

Answer 3

Lead-based paint

Question 4

Which is a common childhood communicable disease that may cause severe defects in the fetus when it occurs in its congenital form?

A)Erythema infectiosum
B)Roseola
C)Rubeola
D)Rubella

Question 5

A nurse is assessing a child and notes Koplik spots.In which of these communicable diseases are Koplik spots present?

A)Rubella
B)Measles (rubeola)
C)Chickenpox (varicella)
D)Exanthema subitum (roseola)

Question 6

A young boy is found squirting lighter fluid into his mouth.His father calls the emergency department.The nurse taking the call should know that the primary danger is which result?

A)Hepatic dysfunction
B)Dehydration secondary to vomiting
C)Esophageal stricture and shock
D)Bronchitis and chemical pneumonia

Question 7

Acyclovir (Zovirax)is given to children with chickenpox to:

A)minimize scarring.
B)decrease the number of lesions.
C)prevent aplastic anemia.
D)prevent spread of the disease.

Question 8

Airborne isolation is required for a child who is hospitalized with:

A)mumps.
B)chickenpox.
C)exanthema subitum (roseola).
D)erythema infectiosum (fifth disease).

Question 9

The single parent of a 3-year-old child who has just been diagnosed with chickenpox tells the nurse that she cannot afford to stay home with the child and miss work.The parent asks the nurse if some medication will shorten the course of the illness.Which is the most appropriate nursing intervention?

A)Reassure the parent that it is not necessary to stay home with the child.
B)Explain that no medication will shorten the course of the illness.
C)Explain the advantages of the medication acyclovir (Zovirax) to treat chickenpox.
D)Explain the advantages of the medication VCZ immune globulin (VariZIG) to treat chickenpox.

Question 10

Acute salicylate (ASA,aspirin)poisoning results in:

A)chemical pneumonitis.
B)hepatic damage.
C)retractions and grunting.
D)disorientation and loss of consciousness.

Question 11

The nurse suspects that a child has ingested some type of poison.Which clinical manifestation would be most suggestive that the poison was a corrosive product?

A)Tinnitus
B)Disorientation
C)Stupor, lethargy, coma
D)Edema of lips, tongue, pharynx

Question 12

Which is described as the time interval between infection or exposure to disease and appearance of initial symptoms?

A)Incubation period
B)Prodromal period
C)Desquamation period
D)Period of communicability

Question 13

Which is the causative agent of scarlet fever?

A)Enteroviruses
B)Corynebacterium organisms
C)Scarlet fever virus
D)Group A b-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS)

Question 14

Which is an important nursing consideration when caring for a child with herpetic gingivostomatitis (HGS)?

A)Apply topical anesthetics before eating.
B)Drink from a cup, not a straw.
C)Wait to brush teeth until lesions are sufficiently healed.
D)Explain to parents how this is sexually transmitted.

Question 15

A parent reports to the nurse that her child has inflamed conjunctivae of both eyes with purulent drainage and crusting of the eyelids,especially on awakening.These manifestations suggest:

A)viral conjunctivitis.
B)allergic conjunctivitis.
C)bacterial conjunctivitis.
D)conjunctivitis caused by foreign body.

Question 16

A parent has asked the nurse about how her child can be tested for pinworms.The nurse responds by stating that which is the most common test for diagnosing pinworms in a child?

A)Lower gastrointestinal (GI) series
B)Three stool specimens, at intervals of 4 days
C)Observation for presence of worms after child defecates
D)Laboratory examination of a fecal smear

Question 17

A nurse is teaching parents about caring for their child with chickenpox.The nurse should let the parents know that the child is considered to be no longer contagious when which occurs?

A)When fever is absent
B)When lesions are crusted
C)24 hours after lesions erupt
D)8 days after onset of illness

Question 18

Which may be given to high-risk children after exposure to chickenpox to prevent varicella?

A)Acyclovir (Zovirax)
B)Varicella globulin
C)Diphenhydramine hydrochloride (Benadryl)
D)VCZ immune globulin (VariZIG)

Question 19

Which is a clinical manifestation of acetaminophen poisoning?

A)Hyperpyrexia
B)Hepatic involvement
C)Severe burning pain in stomach
D)Drooling and inability to clear secretions

Question 20

A young child has just arrived at the emergency department after ingestion of aspirin at home.The practitioner has ordered activated charcoal.The nurse administers charcoal in which way?

A)Administer through a nasogastric tube because the child will not drink it because of the taste.
B)Serve in a clear plastic cup so the child can see how much has been drunk.
C)Give half of the solution, and then give the other half in 1 hour.
D)Serve in an opaque container with a straw.

Question 21

A 3-month-old infant dies shortly after arrival to the emergency department.The infant has subdural and retinal hemorrhages but no external signs of trauma.The nurse should suspect:

A)unintentional injury.
B)shaken-baby syndrome.
C)sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
D)congenital neurologic problem.

Question 22

A nurse is teaching parents methods to reduce lead levels in their home.Which should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.)

A)Plant bushes around the outside of the house.
B)Ensure your child eats frequent meals.
C)Use hot water from the tap when boiling vegetables.
D)Food can be stored in ceramic in the refrigerator.
E)Ensure that your child's diet contains sufficient iron and calcium.

Question 23

Which is a common characteristic of those who sexually abuse children?

A)Pressure victim into secrecy
B)Are usually unemployed and unmarried
C)Are unknown to victims and victims' families
D)Have many victims that are each abused once only

Question 24

Which is probably the most important criterion on which to base the decision to report suspected child abuse?

A)Inappropriate parental concern for the degree of injury
B)Absence of parents for questioning about child's injuries
C)Inappropriate response of child
D)Incompatibility between the history and injury observed

Question 25

A clinic nurse is assessing a child with erythema infectiosum (fifth disease).Which figure depicts the rash the nurse should expect to assess?

A)
B)
C)
D)

Question 26

A nurse is beginning chelation therapy on a child for lead poisoning.Which intervention should the nurse implement during the time the child is receiving chelation therapy?

A)Calorie counts
B)Strict intake and output
C)Telemetry monitoring
D)Contact isolation

Question 27

Place in order the correct sequence for emergency treatment of poisoning in a child.Provide answer using lowercase letters separated by commas (e.g.,a,b,c,d).

A)Locate the poison.
B)Assess the child.
C)Prevent absorption of poison.
D)Terminate exposure to the toxic substance.

Question 28

A nurse is admitting a child to the hospital with a diagnosis of giardiasis.Which medication should the nurse expect to be prescribed?

A)Metronidazole (Flagyl)
B)Amoxicillin clavulanate (Augmentin)
C)Clarithromycin (Biaxin)
D)Prednisone (Orapred)

Question 29

Which describes a child who is abused by the parent(s)?

A)Unintentionally contributes to the abusing situation
B)Belongs to a low socioeconomic population
C)Is healthier than the nonabused siblings
D)Abuses siblings in the same way as child is abused by the parent(s)

Question 30

A child has been admitted to the emergency department with an acetaminophen (Tylenol)poisoning.An antidote is being prescribed by the health care provider.Which antidote should the nurse prepare to administer?

A)Naloxone (Narcan)
B)N-acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
C)Flumazenil (Romazicon)
D)Digoxin immune Fab (Digibind)