Deck 19: Employment Discrimination and Workplace Diversity

Question 1

Equal opportunities are not meant to be everyone's birth right. Customer racial preference of employees is a justifiable reason for a firm to discriminate based on race.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects against sex discrimination, including people who have changed their sex.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission receives and investigates employment discrimination charges and complaints.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

By definition, sexual harassment cannot take place between two parties of the same sex.

Question 5

One challenge for business will be to assimilate an increasingly diverse workforce.

Question 6

Inequality exists entirely because of racism.

Question 7

Homosocial reproduction is the tendency of people to be more comfortable with people who share our life experiences and preferences.

Question 8

Affirmative action is taking steps to hire and promote people from groups previously discriminated against.

Question 9

The first antidiscrimination law in the United States was the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Question 10

Either a man or a woman can be the victim of sexual harassment.

Question 11

The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 requires employers to provide preferential treatment to pregnant women.

Question 12

The Americans with Disabilities Act prohibits discrimination based on physical or mental disabilities in private places of employment.

Question 13

Hispanics are the only minority group to be categorized by language.

Question 14

The category of people labeled as Hispanic is actually a very diverse group.

Question 15

The American dream is based on equal opportunity.

Question 16

The Supreme Court has weakened the anti-retaliation claim of Title VII.

Question 17

Age discrimination statues protect those people who are 50 years old and older.

Question 18

Disparate impact forms of discrimination are not illegal if they are business- or job-related necessities.

Question 19

Based on recent Supreme Court decisions, it is clear that affirmative action will be abolished in this decade.

Question 20

Researchers have recently determined that the lower pay women receive is due to the additional time they take off from the workforce, when compared to men.

Question 21

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 503 prohibits job discrimination based on

A) being injury prone.
B) disability
C) physical limitations as a result of injury.
D) age.

Question 22

The primary objective of The Civil Rights Act of 1991 was to

A) add more categories of protected groups to The Civil Rights Act of 1964 definitions.
B) add imprisonment as a possible penalty for job discrimination.
C) provide increased financial damages and jury trials in cases of intentional discrimination.
D) authorize formation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

Question 23

The Civil Rights movement made people in the United States more aware of

A) continued slavery in the South and Southwest.
B) the plight of all people of color, not just blacks.
C) the economic inequality that existed between races in American at that time.
D) pay inequality between men and women.

Question 24

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 grew out of

A) Lyndon Johnson's "Great Society."
B) the protests and boycotts formed in the 1950s and 1960s.
C) slavery.
D) pressure from the Roman Catholic church.

Question 25

Categories of people whose rights are in some way defended against discrimination are referred to as

A) protected groups.
B) minorities.
C) "special-needs" groups.
D) the privileged class.

Question 26

The entity that is authorized to file suits in federal district court against private sector employers is the

A) Interstate Commerce Commission.
B) Federal Trade Commission.
C) Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
D) Federal Bureau of Investigation.

Question 27

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in all of the following except

A) hiring and firing.
B) intelligence.
C) promotion
D) fringe benefits.

Question 28

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination in all the following except

A) hiring.
B) promotion.
C) in college admissions.
D) fringe benefits.

Question 29

Governments have been faster than corporations in instituting protections for transgender employees.

Question 30

One of the big challenges related to employment discrimination in the 21st century will be

A) breaking the glass ceiling that bars males from reaching senior management positions.
B) keeping wages low and profits up.
C) finding enough workers to fill lower-level positions.
D) the changing workforce composition.

Question 31

The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 requires transportation and communication systems to

A) provide preferential hiring for the physically and mentally handicapped.
B) avoid job discrimination based mental disability.
C) allow free access for the disabled.
D) facilitate access for the disabled.

Question 32

A qualification that might ordinarily be argued as being a basis for discrimination, but a company can show is job related and necessary is called a

A) real and necessary distinction.
B) quasi-discriminatory factor.
C) bona fide occupational qualification.
D) discrimination waiver.

Question 33

The EEOC defines a disability as

A) anything that keeps a person from doing what an average person can do.
B) limits physical or mental capacities in any way.
C) a condition that substantially limits one or more of the employee's major life activities.
D) a state of mind that keeps a person from performing basic life functions.

Question 34

Disability is defined as an individual who may have all of the followingexcept

A) physical or mental impairments.
B) minor impairment of life activities.
C) major impairments of life activities.
D) a perceived disability.

Question 35

The form of discrimination in which fewer minorities are included in the outcome of a practice than would be expected by their numerical proportion is called

A) disparate treatment.
B) disparate impact.
C) Title VII discrimination.
D) stereotype discrimination.

Question 36

Major life activities include all of the following except

A) learning.
B) thinking.
C) concentrating.
D) golfing.

Question 37

Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned discrimination based on all of these except

A) race
B) religion
C) weight
D) color

Question 38

The Equal Pay Act of 1963 prohibits discrimination in pay based on

A) age.
B) sex.
C) seniority.
D) skills.

Question 39

As businesses have moved their sales online, advocates for people with disabilities have filed suit to

A) provide service in poor areas.
B) prevent advertising online.
C) make websites accessible to the disabled.
D) make housing available to the disabled.

Question 40

The form of discrimination in which people are treated differently because of their race, color, religion, sex, or national origin is called

A) disparate treatment.
B) disparate impact.
C) Title VII discrimination.
D) stereotype discrimination.

Question 41

One major difference between disparate treatment and disparate impact is

A) one is based on hatred.
B) one is intentional.
C) one is based on inaction.
D) there are no differences between them.

Question 42

Taking positive steps to hire and promote people from groups previously discriminated against is called

A) preferential hiring and firing policies.
B) affirmative action.
C) restitution action.
D) retributive justice.

Question 43

The principle that reparation is owed to the person or people harmed by an injustice is

A) distributive justice.
B) procedural justice.
C) contributive justice.
D) compensatory justice.

Question 44

The concept of disparate impact is significant in employment law because it

A) created the four-fifths rule.
B) negates many of the earlier antidiscrimination laws.
C) runs counter to many traditional employment practices.
D) is the first common law regarding job discrimination.

Question 45

The general rule used to prove discrimination under the disparate impact concept is called the

A) four-fifths rule.
B) essential equality rule.
C) equal results rule.
D) evil intent rule.

Question 46

Religious discrimination complaints

A) do not exist.
B) are declining.
C) are consistent.
D) more than doubled.

Question 47

The essential function of a job

A) is the same for every job.
B) is difficult to determine.
C) only applies to private sector jobs.
D) is up to the employer.

Question 48

Religious discrimination includes

A) recommending a Sunday School..
B) refusing to hire or fire someone after learning their religion.
C) accommodating religious-related garb.
D) being open for business on Sundays.

Question 49

Sexual harassment

A) is a worldwide problem.
B) affects men and women in equal numbers.
C) is relatively easy to prove in courts.
D) is clearly defined in the law.

Question 50

Diversity fatigue is

A) when companies fail to rethink management styles.
B) companies are tired of hearing about diversity.
C) people with sleep disorders are discriminated against.
D) diversity in a company stays consistent.

Question 51

In the 1970's, women began to see that their workplace situation was no better than that of.

A) men.
B) African-Americans.
C) Asian-Americans.
D) older workers.

Question 52

The Lily Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009

A) requires that women be paid the same as men for their work.
B) institutes a comparative value for the different kinds of work done by men and by women.
C) requires that pay be "fair" rather than equal.
D) resets the statute of limitations clock each time a discriminatory paycheck is issued.

Question 53

The term "Hispanics"

A) was created by the U.S. government.
B) applies to European people of Latin descent.
C) means people who share a common culture.
D) defines the least diverse minority population.

Question 54

Which groups' buying power is expected to increase to $1.1 trillion by 2020?

A) African-Americans.
B) Asian-Americans.
C) Hispanics.
D) Arabs.

Question 55

Religious discrimination includes

A) allowing employees to pray at work.
B) asking employees their religious affiliations.
C) discharging workers who take leave for religious events.
D) providing bibles in the breakroom.

Question 56

Shifts in managing diversity include

A) discrimination-and-fairness.
B) access-and-legislation.
C) integration-and-learning.
D) All of these.

Question 57

The principle objection to Affirmative Action is that it leads to

A) compensatory justice.
B) reverse discrimination.
C) "what goes around comes around."
D) legalized discrimination.

Question 58

The Equal Pay Act of 1963

A) applies to pay differences based on seniority.
B) determines wages on the basis of quantities produced.
C) prohibits discrimination between men and women on the basis of sex in payment of wages.
D) applies to pay differences on the basis of merit.

Question 59

The Rehabilitation Act of 1973, Section 503, applies to

A) all rehabilitation facilities.
B) rehabilitation facilities who have contracts with the federal government.
C) all employers who have contracts with the federal government.
D) all state employees.

Question 60

Ethical blindness is

A) discrimination against blind workers..
B) refusing to see ethics as a business issue.
C) when decision makers behave unethically without being aware.
D) discrimination against the elderly.

Question 61

Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer.
Define the terms "reasonable accommodation," "undue hardship," and "essential functions" as they relate to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.

Question 62

Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer.
Describe the main differences between disparate treatment and disparate impact.

Question 63

Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it.
Explain the history and purpose of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act. What is unique about it?

Question 64

Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer.
What impact did a 2010 U.S. Supreme Court decision have on employee testing?

Question 65

Retaliation can be

A) demotion.
B) harassment.
C) negative references.
D) all of these.

Question 66

Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer.
"Operating against the continuing trends emphasizing civil rights is a growing sentiment against affirmative action." Explain this statement.

Question 67

Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer.
Briefly explain how reverse discrimination evolved from affirmative action.

Question 68

Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it.
Discuss the concept of color bias. Have you ever experienced this, or seen it happen?

Question 69

Under Title IX the burden of proof includes all of the followingexcept

A) the accused must confess
B) the school must be aware of sexual harassment
C) harassment must take place in educational setting
D) the school must fail to take steps to stop it

Question 70

Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer.
Research the reasons men and women provide as to why the glass ceiling exists. Recount those reasons. Which seems more likely to you?

Question 71

Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer.
How are women faring in corporate America?

Question 72

Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer.
Some companies are now specifically including white males in their diversity programs. Evaluate the wisdom and propriety of this idea.

Question 73

Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it.
Imagine that a female co-worker who is Latina is being sexually harassed by the man who supervises you both. You've seen it several times. You've asked her to report it, but she doesn't want to say anything, for many reasons. However you know that she does not welcome the harassment. What would you do? Should you try to help her? If you do, what are the risks for you?

Question 74

Utilize the knowledge you have gained to respond to the following essay questions. Your answers should state your position and use logical arguments and content from this and other chapters in the textbook to support it.
Describe the two types of commonly recognized sexual harassment.

Question 75

Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer.
Why do you suppose retaliation claims to the EEOC are at their highest?

Question 76

Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer.
The diversity chair for the Society of Human Resource Management (SHRM) stated, "Race was the sacrificial lamb to launch diversity and make it palatable to corporate America." What does she mean?

Question 77

Provide a short answer to each of these questions. Be sure to fully explain your answer.
Summarize the history leading up to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.