Deck 59: Persons With Orthodontic Appliances

Question 1

Angle's classification is a limited assessment of occlusion in which of the following ways?

A) Angle's classification assesses the position of teeth only.
B) Angle's classification assesses malocclusion in the anteroposterior plane of space; a comprehensive assessment should assess the relationships of teeth in the transverse and vertical plane of space.
C) A comprehensive assessment of the occlusion should determine the relationship of the skeletal components, as well as the dental components of occlusion.
D) All of the above are true of Angle's classification.

Answer 1

All of the above are true of Angle's classification.

Question 2

Orthodontic forces applied to a tooth must be light and maintained in order to do which of the following?

A) Hyalinize the bone on the pressure side of the tooth, enabling optimal tooth movement.
B) Produce undermining resorption on the pressure side of the tooth, enabling optimal tooth movement.
C) Produce frontal resorption on the pressure side of the tooth, enabling optimal tooth movement.
D) None of the above are correct.

Answer 2

Produce frontal resorption on the pressure side of the tooth, enabling optimal tooth movement.

Question 3

The pubertal growth spurt is important to consider when orthodontic treatment is planned. The pubertal growth spurt begins at an earlier age in _____ and lasts for a _____ period of time than in _____.

A) boys; longer; girls
B) boys; shorter; girls
C) girls; longer; boys
D) girls; shorter; boys

Answer 3

girls; shorter; boys

Question 4

A skeletal malocclusion is treated by which of the following?

A) Camouflage of the discrepancy
B) Growth modification to the jaws to correct the malocclusion
C) Surgical therapy to correct the discrepancies in the jaws
D) All of the above, depending on the age of the client and the severity of the malocclusion

Question 5

Based on the equilibrium theory, the position of the teeth is determined by forces applied by which of the following?

A) Lips and cheeks
B) Tongue
C) Gingival and periodontal fibers
D) All of the above

Question 6

The age of eruption is more important than the sequence of eruption of the permanent teeth.

A) True
B) False

Question 7

Two types of spacing that are desirable in the primary dentition are:

A) posterior and distal spacing.
B) anterior and eruptive spacing.
C) primate and developmental spacing.
D) none of the above.

Question 8

An adult client in orthodontic treatment is taking nifedipine, a calcium channel blocking agent, to control hypertension. What is the concern for this client?

A) Nifedipine can cause a hormonal imbalance, making the control of gingival inflammation more difficult.
B) A side effect of nifedipine is increased bone density, which can make tooth movement more difficult.
C) A side effect of nifedipine is gingival hyperplasia, which can become more pronounced during orthodontics owing to increased plaque accumulation around brackets and bands.
D) Nifedipine also acts as a prostaglandin inhibitor, which when taken in higher doses will slow the process of bone resorption required to move teeth.

Question 9

A dental hygienist can play a large role in evaluating and documenting the oral health status of a client at the initiation of the orthodontic evaluation. Which of the following may be completed by the dental hygienist?

A) Periodontal assessment including measurement of pocket depths, bleeding, furcation involvement, and width of attached gingiva
B) Exposure of radiographs including full-mouth x-ray films and bitewing, panographic, and/or lateral cephalometric radiographs
C) Exposure of intraoral and extraoral photographs to document the client's status at the initiation of treatment
D) All of the above

Question 10

During orthodontic treatment, it is possible that fragments of cementum and dentin will break away from the apex of the root and then become absorbed by the body. This results in which of the following?

A) Thinning of the root apex to a sharp point
B) Blunting of the apex and shortening of the root length
C) Endodontic infection
D) Lengthening of the root as new cementum and dentin develop

Question 11

Two principles important to growth modification therapy are which of the following?

A) Growth modification must be initiated after growth is completed to fully control the outcome of the case, and it must be conducted only in clients willing to attend more numerous orthodontic appointments than required for traditional orthodontic therapy.
B) Growth modification can be completed in clients of any age, and traditional orthodontic treatment after its completion will be less involved.
C) Growth modification must be completed in children at a very young age to correct skeletal discrepancies before they occur, and plaque control is even more critical during growth modification than in traditional orthodontics.
D) Growth modification must be carried out in clients who are actively growing, and it must continue until skeletal growth is complete.

Question 12

Serial extraction and palatal expansion therapies are completed to:

A) achieve closure of maxillary anterior diastemas.
B) maintain space when a primary tooth is lost prematurely.
C) treat severe crowding problems.
D) do none of the above.

Question 13

A malocclusion may occur in any of three planes of space. A posterior crossbite is a malocclusion occurring in which of the following?

A) Transverse plane
B) Vertical plane
C) Anteroposterior plane
D) Superior-inferior plane

Question 14

A prolonged (more than 6 hours per day) thumbsucking habit may cause the development of which of the following?

A) An anterior open bite from incomplete eruption of the incisors and overeruption of the posterior teeth
B) A constricted maxillary arch, resulting in a posterior crossbite
C) Protrusion of the maxillary incisors
D) All of the above

Question 15

The most ideal relationship of the second molars in a primary dentition is which of the following?

A) Mesial step relationship
B) Distal step relationship
C) Proximal terminal plane relationship
D) Flush terminal plane relationship

Question 16

If a client experiences significant pain after orthodontic appointments, when is it best to schedule supportive periodontal therapy appointments?

A) Before orthodontic adjustment appointments
B) Immediately after orthodontic adjustment appointments
C) Every 8 months
D) Shortly after the client has taken an over-the-counter analgesic

Question 17

Because the duration of a force is more important than the magnitude (strength) of the force applied, habits such as thumbsucking will not produce tooth movement unless practiced for at least how many hours per day?

A) 2
B) 6
C) 10
D) 12

Question 18

The permanent teeth continue to erupt in adolescents even after they have reached the plane of occlusion. This occurs for which of the following reasons?

A) The ramus continues to grow in the vertical dimension until the late teen years, and the teeth erupt to compensate for the increase in vertical dimension.
B) Adolescents tend to eat more food at more frequent intervals during each day. This increase in mastication stimulates the continued eruption of the teeth.
C) The teeth continue to erupt as part of the pubertal growth spurt.
D) The length of the maxilla continues to develop during adolescence, and the teeth continue to erupt to compensate for this growth.

Question 19

Mild crowding of the permanent mandibular incisors may resolve after the age of 10 for which of the following reasons?

A) The permanent mandibular incisors are only slightly larger in size than the primary mandibular incisors. Normal growth of the anterior region of the mandible provides more than adequate room for the permanent incisors by the age of 12.
B) The presence of primate space distal to the mandibular canines allows space for the mandibular canines to move distally, creating more room for the mandibular incisors and alleviating mild crowding problems.
C) The tongue will force the permanent incisors facially, creating adequate room to resolve any problems of crowding.
D) It is not possible for even mild crowding of the permanent mandibular anterior teeth to resolve at this time because adequate growth of the anterior region of the mandible has not occurred.

Question 20

Pain during orthodontic tooth movement is the result of which of the following?

A) Undermining resorption
B) Ischemic necrosis of the periodontal ligament (PDL)
C) Frontal resorption
D) Damage to the pulps of the teeth

Question 21

What needs to be completed before initiation of orthodontic treatment for a client with multiple dental needs?

A) Dental caries and any endodontic pathology must be treated, dental hygiene periodontal debridement must be completed, and any areas of inadequate attached gingiva must be surgically corrected. Completion of periodontal surgery and prosthodontic therapy, if indicated, should be delayed until orthodontic treatment is completed.
B) Dental treatment, including the restoration of caries and endodontic therapy, dental hygiene, periodontal debridement, and surgical periodontal therapy, must be completed. Only prosthodontic therapy should wait until orthodontic treatment is completed.
C) All dental treatment, including the restoration of caries, endodontic therapy, nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapy, and prosthodontic therapy, must be completed before orthodontic treatment.
D) All dental treatment except emergency treatment should be delayed until orthodontic therapy is completed because the relationships of the teeth will change dramatically during treatment.

Question 22

Reorganization of the periodontal and gingival tissues after the completion of orthodontic therapy:

A) takes 3 to 4 months to complete.
B) is enhanced by the natural flexion of the teeth during the chewing of food.
C) occurs when teeth are permitted to respond individually to the forces of mastication.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 23

Which of the following statements regarding home care for the orthodontic client is true?

A) Oral irrigating devices are contraindicated because the water lavage can cause a breakdown in the cement or bonding seals.
B) Electric toothbrushes are contraindicated because they have been found to damage fixed appliances.
C) Daily fluoride therapy is an important component of preventive care.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 24

The white spot lesion occurs where?

A) Directly underneath an orthodontic bracket when leakage in the bonding occurs and remains undetected throughout treatment
B) Around bonded brackets when plaque-control methods are not practiced adequately
C) Along the margins of bands placed on molars located too far distally for the client to remove plaque thoroughly
D) In the cervical thirds of anterior teeth when bands rather than bonded brackets are required

Question 25

The process of "settling" of the teeth occurs during which of the following stages?

A) First stage of comprehensive orthodontic treatment: alignment and leveling
B) Second stage of comprehensive orthodontic treatment: correction of molar relationship and space closure
C) Third stage of comprehensive orthodontic treatment: the finishing stage
D) All of the above