Deck 3: The Molecules of Life

Question 1

The following molecule is best described as a ______. CH₃-CH₂-CH₂-CH₂

A) protein
B) carbohydrate
C) hydrocarbon
D) lipid

Answer 1

C

Question 2

People with lactose intolerance do not have enough ______.

A) lactose
B) lactase
C) glucose
D) fructose

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a polysaccharide?

A) glucose
B) starch
C) maltose
D) sucrose

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What name is given to the following reaction? sucrose + water → glucose + fructose

A) glucogenesis
B) hydrolysis
C) denaturation
D) dehydration reaction

Question 5

Cellulose is an example of ______.

A) a polypeptide
B) a steroid
C) fiber
D) fat

Question 6

Which of the following is hydrophilic?

A) cellulose
B) testosterone
C) butter
D) cholesterol

Question 7

Sometimes when I have my morning coffee,which I drink black with no sugar,I notice a thin film floating on top of the coffee.Since I have just read Chapter 3 of the text,I now realize the nature of this substance and so I run to my friend screaming,"Look at this ______ in my coffee!"

A) hydrophilic substance
B) hydrophobic substance
C) glucose
D) nucleotide

Question 8

In the following equation,lactose is a ______. galactose + glucose → lactose + water

A) nucleic acid
B) fatty acid
C) disaccharide
D) dipeptide

Question 9

For good health,it is important to include ______ in our diets.

A) fructose
B) monosaccharides
C) disaccharides
D) polysaccharides

Question 10

Table sugar is ______.

A) glucose, a monosaccharide
B) glucose, a disaccharide
C) sucrose, a monosaccharide
D) sucrose, a dissaccharide

Question 11

In the following reaction,galactose is a ______. galactose + glucose → lactose + water

A) polysaccharide
B) monomer
C) polymer
D) protein

Question 12

______ is a hydroxyl group.

A) -NH₂
B) -OH
C) -COOH
D) -H

Question 13

A glycerol with three fatty acids attached is referred to as a ______.

A) prostaglandin
B) nucleic acid
C) steroid
D) fat

Question 14

Complete the equation: monosaccharide + monosaccharide → ______ + water

A) disaccharide
B) polypeptide
C) polysaccharide
D) fat

Question 15

Which of the following are isomers?

A) glucose and fructose
B) glucose and sucrose
C) sucrose and glucose
D) lactose and maltose

Question 16

Animals store carbohydrates as ______.

A) cellulose
B) glycogen
C) starch
D) maltose

Question 17

What name is given to the following reaction? galactose + glucose → lactose + water

A) hydrolysis
B) hydrogenation
C) glycolysis
D) dehydration reaction

Question 18

What name is given to the following reaction? glycerol + 3 fatty acids → triglyceride + 3 water molecules

A) denaturation
B) hydrolysis
C) hydrogenation
D) dehydration reaction

Question 19

Carbohydrates typically include ______.

A) an NH₂ group
B) C, H, and O atoms
C) a hydrocarbon chain
D) a PO₄ group

Question 20

A single carbon atom can form a maximum of ______ covalent bond(s).

A) none; carbon only participates in ionic bonds
B) 1
C) 2
D) 4

Question 21

Proteins are polymers constructed from ______ monomers.

A) hydrocarbon
B) amino acid
C) nucleotide
D) fatty acid

Question 22

Which of the following is a health effect of a diet high in saturated fats?

A) increased blood flow
B) decreased risk of atherosclerosis
C) increased risk of heart attack
D) decreased risk of stroke

Question 23

Amino acids include a side group as well as ______.

A) a central carbon, a hydrogen atom, an amino group, and a carboxyl group
B) a central carbon, a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, and a carbonyl group
C) a central hydrogen, a nitrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, and a carbonyl group
D) a central nitrogen, a carbon atom, an amino group, and a carbonyl group

Question 24

A specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide is a ______.

A) gene
B) protein
C) nucleic acid
D) enzyme

Question 25

By definition,what type of fatty acid has double bonds?

A) steroid
B) triglyceride
C) unsaturated
D) saturated

Question 26

Which of the following is true with regard to a DNA molecule?

A) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of guanine, and the amount of thymine is equal to the amount of cytosine.
B) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of cytosine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of thymine.
C) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of uracil.
D) The amount of adenine is equal to the amount of thymine, and the amount of guanine is equal to the amount of cytosine.

Question 27

What is the name given to the reaction that breaks peptide bonds?

A) dehydration reaction
B) hydrogenation
C) hydrolysis
D) denaturation

Question 28

A friend of yours appears to have put on a lot of muscle very quickly.At the same time,you notice that your friend seems to have a lot of mood swings and appears depressed.It is reasonable for you to suspect that your friend has begun to take ______.

A) amino acid supplements
B) creatine
C) protein powder
D) an anabolic steroid

Question 29

Saturated fats are saturated with ______.

A) carbon
B) nitrogen
C) hydrogen
D) oxygen

Question 30

If one strand of a DNA double helix has the sequence AGTACTG,what will be the sequence of the other strand?

A) GACGTCA
B) AGTACTG
C) GTCATGA
D) TCATGAC

Question 31

Which of the following is lowest in unsaturated fats?

A) beef
B) salmon
C) corn oil
D) canola oil

Question 32

Enzymes are ______.

A) amino acids
B) monosaccharides
C) phospholipids
D) proteins

Question 33

Nucleic acids are polymers of ______ monomers.

A) monosaccharide
B) fatty acid
C) DNA
D) nucleotide

Question 34

DNA nucleotides include ______.

A) uracil, guanine, adenine, and cytosine
B) thymine, guanine, adenine, and cytosine
C) thymine, uracil, adenine, and cytosine
D) thymine, guanine, adenine, and uracil

Question 35

Destruction of a protein's shape is called ______.

A) hydrolysis
B) denaturation
C) a dehydration reaction
D) hydrogenation

Question 36

A pleated sheet is an example of protein ______ structure.

A) tertiary
B) quaternary
C) secondary
D) primary

Question 37

A fat that is hydrogenated is ______.

A) more unsaturated
B) easier to digest
C) more solid
D) less likely to cause strokes

Question 38

How does RNA differ from DNA?

A) RNA is double-stranded; DNA is single-stranded.
B) RNA is a polymer of amino acids; DNA is a polymer of nucleotides.
C) RNA contains uracil; DNA contains thymine.
D) In RNA G pairs with T; in DNA G pairs with C.

Question 39

A protein's function is dependent on its ______.

A) pH
B) shape
C) size
D) weight

Question 40

______ is a steroid.

A) Butter
B) Sucrose
C) Amino acid
D) Estrogen

Question 41

The figure below shows ______.

A) DNA
B) RNA
C) protein secondary structure
D) hydrolysis

Question 42

The figure below shows ______.

A) a single strand of RNA
B) double-stranded RNA
C) a single strand of DNA
D) double-stranded DNA

Question 43

Please read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
While shopping, you settle on two types of cookies. The nutritional label for the chocolate mint cookies lists 5 grams of saturated fat, 0 grams of trans fat, 22 grams of carbohydrates, and 11 grams of protein per serving. The nutritional label for the peanut butter cookies lists 0 grams of saturated fat, 5 grams of trans fat, 26 grams of carbohydrates, and 4 grams of protein per serving.
The manufacturer of the chocolate mint cookies changed the ingredients of its cookies.Each serving now has 1 gram of saturated fat (4 fewer grams),4 grams of trans fat (4 more grams),21 grams of carbohydrates (1 fewer gram),and 11 grams of protein (no change).Do you think that the manufacturer made these cookies healthier?

A) No, because they now have less saturated fat.
B) Yes, because they now have less saturated fat.
C) Yes, because they now have fewer grams of carbohydrates.
D) No, because they now have more grams of trans fat.

Question 44

Please read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
While shopping, you settle on two types of cookies. The nutritional label for the chocolate mint cookies lists 5 grams of saturated fat, 0 grams of trans fat, 22 grams of carbohydrates, and 11 grams of protein per serving. The nutritional label for the peanut butter cookies lists 0 grams of saturated fat, 5 grams of trans fat, 26 grams of carbohydrates, and 4 grams of protein per serving.
Which cookies are less healthy?

A) The chocolate mint cookies because they contain more saturated fat.
B) The chocolate mint cookies because they contain more total grams of protein and carbohydrates.
C) The peanut butter cookies because they contain more trans fat.
D) The peanut butter cookies because they contain more grams of carbohydrates.

Question 45

Examine the two sugars in the following figure.How do these two sugars compare?

A) Glucose has more hydrogen.
B) Glucose has more double bonds.
C) They have the same formula but different structures.
D) They are structurally identical in every way.

Question 46

The ability to tolerate lactose throughout life is most likely to be seen in ______.

A) populations that live in cold climates
B) populations that live in wet climates
C) cultures that keep dairy herds
D) Native Americans