Deck 16: Plants, Fungi, and the Move onto Land

Question 1

______ are seedless vascular plants.

A) Ferns
B) Angiosperms
C) Bryophytes
D) Gymnosperms

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The ______ helps plants retain water.

A) hypha
B) cuticle
C) mycorrhiza
D) lignin

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A pollen grain is a ______.

A) female gametophyte
B) sporophyte
C) male gametophyte
D) megaspore

Answer 3

C

Question 4

______,a chemical that hardens cell walls and supports terrestrial plants,is found in all plants except _______.

A) Lignin... bryophytes
B) Cellulose... bryophytes
C) Calcium carbonate... ferns
D) Lignin... ferns and bryophytes

Question 5

Why are bryophytes considered incompletely liberated from their ancestral aquatic habitat?

A) Their embryos do not develop within gametangia.
B) Their sperm are flagellated.
C) The gametophyte generation is dominant.
D) They lack a cuticle.

Question 6

______ were the first plants that did not require water for transferring sperm to eggs.

A) Bryophytes
B) Gymnosperms
C) Ferns
D) Angiosperms

Question 7

In ______ the gametophyte is more obvious than the sporophyte.

A) conifers
B) mosses
C) grasses
D) ferns

Question 8

Of the following,which is the earliest step in the formation of fossil fuels?

A) subjecting organic matter to extreme pressure
B) fungi and bacteria converting the remains of organisms to inorganic nutrients
C) incomplete decomposition of organic matter
D) subjecting organic matter to extreme heat

Question 9

Gametophytes are ______; sporophytes are ______.

A) male... female
B) an adaptation to an aquatic existence... an adaptation to a terrestrial existence
C) haploid... diploid
D) the dominant stage of the conifer life cycle... the less obvious stage of the conifer life cycle

Question 10

Which of these adaptations to a terrestrial existence evolved most recently?

A) vascular tissue
B) seeds
C) gametangia
D) cuticle

Question 11

Gametophytes reproduce ______.

A) by producing sperm and eggs
B) by fission
C) by alternation of generations
D) by budding

Question 12

Much of the coal we use today came from ______ that lived during the Carboniferous.

A) gymnosperms
B) mosses
C) angiosperms
D) seedless vascular plants

Question 13

Why are ferns considered incompletely adapted to the terrestrial environment,when compared with other plants?

A) They lack vascular tissue.
B) Their sperm are flagellated.
C) The gametophyte generation is dominant.
D) They lack gametangia.

Question 14

Which of the following correctly illustrates the sequence of the origin of modern groups of plants?

A) gymnosperms, ferns, bryophytes, angiosperms
B) bryophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms
C) bryophytes, ferns, angiosperms, gymnosperms
D) ferns, gymnosperms, angiosperms, bryophytes

Question 15

Which of the following lack vascular tissue?

A) cone-bearing plants
B) grasses
C) ferns
D) mosses

Question 16

Seeds develop from ______.

A) carpels
B) anthers
C) ovules
D) ovaries

Question 17

Mutualistic associations of plant roots and fungi are called ______.

A) mycorrhizae
B) mycelia
C) mycophyta
D) myrmecochores

Question 18

Which of the following is the lineage of green algae believed to most resemble early plant ancestors?

A) Charophytes
B) Ulva
C) Volvox
D) Dinoflagellates

Question 19

Plants first moved onto land at least ______ years ago.

A) 65 million
B) 475 million
C) 1.2 billion
D) 3.5 billion

Question 20

What global climatic change gave gymnosperms an advantage over ferns?

A) the climate becoming hotter and wetter
B) increased fluctuations in global climate
C) the climate becoming cooler and drier
D) the climate becoming hotter and drier

Question 21

Nutritionally,all fungi are ______.

A) chemoheterotrophs
B) photoautotrophs
C) chemoautotrophs
D) parasites

Question 22

In angiosperms,the male gametophyte develops within ______.

A) male cones
B) filaments
C) anthers
D) archegonia

Question 23

From the point of view of an angiosperm,what is the function of fruit?

A) It is where the male gametophyte develops.
B) It is a mechanism for the dispersal of seeds.
C) It provides nutrients to germinating seeds.
D) It attracts pollinators.

Question 24

Exploring in the tropics,you discover a nonvascular plant that produces pollen.What type of plant have you discovered?

A) an angiosperm
B) a fern
C) a bryophyte
D) an entirely new type that you will get to name

Question 25

Why are gymnosperms "naked seed" plants?

A) Their seeds are not protected.
B) They do not produce seeds; they only produce spores.
C) They do not have ovaries.
D) Their seeds develop on the surface of sporophytes.

Question 26

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Rainforests regenerate slowly and cannot sustain slash-and-burn clearing.
B) Humans depend on plants for food, wood, and medicines.
C) Only a fraction of plant species have been tested as potential medicine sources.
D) All of the above statements are true.

Question 27

What is this organism?

A) fern
B) fungus
C) bryophyte
D) gymnosperm

Question 28

Like plants,fungi have ______; however,in plants they are composed of ______,whereas in fungi they are composed of ______.

A) cell walls... cellulose... chitin
B) cell walls... cellulose... peptidoglycan
C) cell membranes... phospholipids... peptidoglycan
D) cell walls... phospholipids... cellulose

Question 29

The pollen grain is to gymnosperms as the ______ is to angiosperms.

A) anther
B) flower
C) stamen
D) pollen grain

Question 30

The edible portion of a(n)______ is a ripened ovary.

A) cucumber
B) broccoli stalk
C) radish
D) onion

Question 31

Nearly all food plants are as ______.

A) bryophytes
B) gymnosperms
C) ferns
D) angiosperms

Question 32

What important role do fungi play in many ecosystems?

A) They decompose organic material.
B) They pollinate plants.
C) They disperse the fruits of angiosperms.
D) They perform photosynthesis.

Question 33

Which structure of a flower traps pollen?

A) style
B) stigma
C) ovary
D) filament

Question 34

At current rates of destruction,all of Earth's tropical forests will be gone within ______ years.

A) 10
B) 25
C) 50
D) 100

Question 35

In angiosperms,the ______ is a nutrient-storing tissue that nourishes a developing embryo.

A) fruit
B) seed
C) carpels
D) endosperm

Question 36

What are hyphae?

A) symbiotic associations between plant roots and fungi
B) threadlike filaments that make up fungal bodies
C) fungal reproductive structures
D) fungal spores

Question 37

The function of a mushroom is to _____.

A) produce seeds
B) store nutrients
C) produce spores
D) absorb food

Question 38

Which of the following is a component of the female structure of a flowering plant?

A) petal
B) filament
C) anther
D) stigma

Question 39

In angiosperms,what structures house female gametophytes?

A) stigma
B) petals
C) ovules
D) sepals

Question 40

Why does it make sense that many fruits are green when their seeds are immature?

A) Insects, which see the color green better than mammals do, can only carry seeds when they are small (immature).
B) Green signifies less nutritive value.
C) They are green because fruits with immature seeds are still capable of photosynthesis.
D) They are harder to see and thus less likely to be eaten than other fruits.

Question 41

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
People utilize plants to meet many everyday needs, including food, fiber, and building materials. However, not many of the over 300,000 known species of plants are used by people. One species with a lot of future promise is the jatropha tree. This species is native to Central America and is now found throughout the tropics. Many people believe the jatropha could help alleviate poverty in many areas of the world, as the seeds produce an oil that can be used for cooking, lighting, or generating electricity. This oil can also be mixed with diesel fuel or petrol to produce a biofuel. Mature trees produce between 5 and 15 kg of seeds per year and can live more than 30 years. However, critics argue that planting the jatropha tree will take land needed for food production, which will in turn harm the poor.
What could be an advantage of using oil from jatropha seeds?

A) The oil is considered a renewable resource.
B) The oil has many different uses.
C) The oil can be used as a biofuel.
D) All of these answers are correct.

Question 42

This diagram shows what process?

A) origin of plants from green algae
B) alternation of generations
C) angiosperm life cycle
D) gymnosperm life cycle

Question 43

The photo below shows ______.

A) the fungal production of antibiotics
B) mycorrhizae, a mutually beneficial symbiosis
C) a parasitic fungus attacking an algal cell
D) a lichen, a mutually beneficial symbiosis

Question 44

Read the following scenario to answer the following question(s).
People utilize plants to meet many everyday needs, including food, fiber, and building materials. However, not many of the over 300,000 known species of plants are used by people. One species with a lot of future promise is the jatropha tree. This species is native to Central America and is now found throughout the tropics. Many people believe the jatropha could help alleviate poverty in many areas of the world, as the seeds produce an oil that can be used for cooking, lighting, or generating electricity. This oil can also be mixed with diesel fuel or petrol to produce a biofuel. Mature trees produce between 5 and 15 kg of seeds per year and can live more than 30 years. However, critics argue that planting the jatropha tree will take land needed for food production, which will in turn harm the poor.
Which of the following statements concerning the jatropha tree is true?

A) Jatropha trees are found all over the world.
B) Everyone believes planting jatropha trees will be beneficial.
C) Humans use over half of the known species of plants for everyday uses.
D) Currently, the most valuable part of the jatropha tree is the seed.