Deck 27: Nervous, Sensory, and Locomotor Systems

Question 1

What causes the inside of a membrane to become positively charged during an action potential?

A) Negatively charged ions rush out.
B) Positively charged ions rush in.
C) Positively charged ions rush in, and negatively charged ions rush out.
D) Negatively charged ions rush in.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Heroin binds to endorphin receptors.
B) Caffeine promotes the inhibitory neurotransmitters.
C) Alcohol is a stimulant.
D) Valium blocks the receptors for inhibitory neurotransmitters.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The movement of an action potential along a neuron is most like ______.

A) the ripples created by dropping a pebble into a pond, gradually decreasing in size as the waves spread apart
B) a crowd at a sporting event doing the wave around a stadium
C) a radio tower emitting a signal that reaches only a small region
D) the sound of your voice spreading out as you yell loudly to your friend while at a park

Answer 3

B

Question 4

You start to trip,but you keep your balance and don't fall.Which of the following brain regions is responsible for the rapid coordination of muscle activity that kept you from falling?

A) cerebral cortex
B) thalamus
C) cerebellum
D) cerebrum

Question 5

A neuron can relay a more intense signal by ______.

A) sending a stronger action potential
B) sending more action potentials in a given amount of time
C) sending an action potential that travels more quickly
D) sending a longer action potential

Question 6

The cells that carry electric signals from one part of the body to another in the nervous system are _____.

A) dendrites
B) neurons
C) effectors
D) synapses

Question 7

Multiple sclerosis primarily involves ______.

A) destruction of the medulla oblongata
B) deterioration of the corpus callosum
C) destruction of the myelin sheath
D) deterioration of parts of the spinal cord

Question 8

In a chemical synapse,what is the name of the gap between the sending and receiving cells?

A) synaptic node
B) gap junction
C) synaptic cleft
D) gap myelin

Question 9

Which of the following effects could result from activation of the sympathetic nervous system?

A) decreased heart rate
B) stimulated digestive organs
C) secretion of epinephrine
D) narrowing of the bronchi

Question 10

Realizing that you did not study as much as you needed to for this exam,you start to take the test.However,it is difficult to concentrate because your heart is racing,your stomach seems tied in a knot,you are breathing too quickly,and your mouth is dry.Most likely,you are experiencing the effects of the ______.

A) somatic nervous system
B) sympathetic nervous system
C) parasympathetic nervous system
D) central nervous system

Question 11

Which of the following carry incoming messages toward the cell body of a neuron?

A) axons
B) dendrites
C) actin filaments
D) supporting cells

Question 12

Which of the following neurons are part of the peripheral nervous system?

A) sensory neuron and motor neuron
B) interneuron neuron and motor neuron
C) interneuron neuron and sensory neuron
D) only motor neurons

Question 13

Which of the following neurotransmitters is associated with sleep,mood,attention,and learning?

A) acetylcholine
B) epinephrine
C) serotonin
D) endorphins

Question 14

What part of the nervous system cushions the CNS and helps supply it with nutrients,hormones,and white blood cells?

A) cerebrospinal fluid
B) ganglia
C) interneurons
D) the bones of the skull

Question 15

Where would we expect to find electrical synapses?

A) within the brain
B) within the heart
C) within the spinal cord
D) all of the above

Question 16

Integration ______.

A) occurs at the axon
B) inevitably results in the attainment of a threshold potential
C) is the analysis and interpretation of sensory signals and the formulation of appropriate responses
D) is the assimilation of memories by the limbic system

Question 17

Which of the following is(are)part of the central nervous system?

A) motor system
B) brain and spinal cord
C) brain only
D) spinal cord only

Question 18

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the ______.

A) sympathetic and parasympathetic
B) CNS and PNS
C) sensory and motor
D) voluntary and involuntary

Question 19

Outnumbering neurons by up to 50 to 1,which cells protect,insulate,and reinforce neurons?

A) sensory cells
B) motor cells
C) satellite cells
D) supporting cells

Question 20

The minimum change in a membrane's voltage that must occur to trigger an action potential is the _____.

A) threshold
B) minimum voltage
C) voltage potential
D) triggering voltage

Question 21

Which,if any,of the following types of personal characteristics are not based in the cerebral cortex?

A) reasoning abilities
B) artistic talents
C) personality traits
D) All of the choices are based in the cerebral cortex.

Question 22

When you hear,the ______ vibrates.

A) eardrum
B) hammer
C) stirrup
D) all of the above

Question 23

As your jet takes off,you are pushed back in your seat and watch as the ground moves farther and farther away.Suddenly,your ears "pop," a result of air pressure changes in your ear permitted by the ______.

A) auditory canal
B) Eustachian tube
C) outer ear chamber
D) organ of Corti

Question 24

In all types of chemoreceptors,receptor cells develop receptor potentials in response to ______.

A) changes in the movement of the surrounding molecules
B) the electrical properties of the surrounding cells
C) chemicals dissolved in a fluid
D) the addition of positively charged proteins

Question 25

Alzheimer's disease is characterized by ______.

A) mental deterioration, memory loss, and personality changes
B) extreme mood swings
C) loss of energy and suicidal thoughts
D) increased energy and extreme talkativeness

Question 26

Thermoreceptors detect ______.

A) motion
B) sound
C) pressure
D) temperature

Question 27

Which of the following structures constitute(s)part of the appendicular skeleton?

A) skull
B) rib cage
C) backbone
D) leg bones

Question 28

The receptor potential is the ______.

A) membrane potential produced when a neurotransmitter molecule binds to its receptor
B) membrane potential produced in the receptor cell by sensory transduction
C) electrical signal produced by perception
D) membrane potential produced at a muscle cell

Question 29

Which of the following was supported by the terrible accident that happened to Phineas Gage?

A) The cerebrum plays a major role in the sense of balance.
B) You cannot live without your hypothalamus.
C) The frontal lobes are associated with personality.
D) The pons plays a crucial role in hearing.

Question 30

Which one of the following statements is true?

A) Cones are more sensitive to light than rods.
B) Rods can distinguish color.
C) There are three different types of cones in the human eye.
D) The best way to see stars is to look straight at them.

Question 31

A person whose eyeball is shorter than normal suffers from ______.

A) hyperopia
B) myopia
C) astigmatism
D) presbyopia

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of sensory adaptation of receptors?

A) going into deep sleep
B) distinguishing between different colors
C) ignoring the shoes on your feet
D) detecting sound and light simultaneously

Question 33

Which one of the following correctly pairs the structure with its major function(s)?

A) hypothalamus-regulates body temperature, blood pressure, and hunger
B) cerebellum-regulates memory, learning, and speech
C) brainstem-input center for sensory data going to the cerebrum
D) thalamus-coordinates balance

Question 34

The cerebral cortex is highly folded.Why might this be an advantage for the functions of the cerebrum?

A) The increased surface area increases the area for higher-level thinking.
B) The increased surface area permits greater contact between the cerebrum and the cerebellum.
C) The folds form grooves that let the bones of the skull reach deeply down between brain regions.
D) The folds increase the areas where sensory receptors can reach the brain's surface.

Question 35

If aqueous humor is not drained,the likely result will be the development of ______.

A) glaucoma
B) myopia
C) astigmatism
D) hyperopia

Question 36

Standing out in center field,the baseball player watches the hitter's bat strike the ball and then,slightly later,hears the sound of the impact.What types of sensory receptors did the player just use?

A) thermoreceptors and chemoreceptors
B) photoreceptors and mechanoreceptors
C) chemoreceptors and pain receptors
D) pain receptors and thermoreceptors

Question 37

The organ of Corti is in the ______.

A) outer ear
B) inner ear
C) middle ear
D) Eustachian tube

Question 38

A person who cannot focus well on distant objects has ______.

A) hyperopia
B) myopia
C) astigmatism
D) reduced visual acuity

Question 39

In contrast to action potentials,receptor potentials ______.

A) are all-or-none phenomena
B) vary in intensity
C) do not require a stimulus
D) do not rely on changes in the membrane potential

Question 40

A person who has blurred vision caused by a misshapen lens or cornea has ______.

A) hyperopia
B) myopia
C) astigmatism
D) presbyopia

Question 41

Functionally,what is the muscle fiber's fundamental unit of contraction?

A) thick filament
B) thin filament
C) myofibril
D) sarcomere

Question 42

Which one of the following is used to combat osteoporosis?

A) hormone replacement therapy
B) anti-inflammatory medicines
C) opiates
D) splints or casts

Question 43

Please read the following paragraph and then answer the following question(s).
The human eye is an incredible organ, capable of gathering light to focus on images near and far, in bright light or dim, and with quick adjustments between these extremes. However, as eyes age, the ability to focus closely gradually declines as the flexibility of the eye's lens decreases. Some eye problems, such as cataracts, are more likely to develop in people who are more exposed to natural sunlight.
Bloodshot eyes reflect increased blood flow to the eye surface because of irritants such as dust and smoke.These swollen blood vessels are located on the ______.

A) cornea
B) sclera
C) iris
D) lens

Question 44

The figure below shows the structure of an arm bone.Which part of a bone contains stored fat?

A) red bone marrow
B) cartilage
C) the ends
D) yellow bone marrow

Question 45

Please read the following paragraph and then answer the following question(s).
The human eye is an incredible organ, capable of gathering light to focus on images near and far, in bright light or dim, and with quick adjustments between these extremes. However, as eyes age, the ability to focus closely gradually declines as the flexibility of the eye's lens decreases. Some eye problems, such as cataracts, are more likely to develop in people who are more exposed to natural sunlight.
When light levels suddenly increase,our eyes adjust quickly by reducing the size of the ______.

A) pupil
B) retina
C) iris
D) cornea

Question 46

If you lay your forearm along the table,you can rotate it so that your hand changes from a palm-down to a palm-up position.This is possible because your radius and ulna join at a ______ joint.

A) ball-and-socket
B) hinge
C) pivot
D) twist

Question 47

Muscles are connected to bones by ______.

A) thick filaments
B) ligaments
C) tendons
D) myofibrils

Question 48

Please read the following paragraph and then answer the following question(s).
The human eye is an incredible organ, capable of gathering light to focus on images near and far, in bright light or dim, and with quick adjustments between these extremes. However, as eyes age, the ability to focus closely gradually declines as the flexibility of the eye's lens decreases. Some eye problems, such as cataracts, are more likely to develop in people who are more exposed to natural sunlight.
Floaters are small particles that interfere with the transmission of light between the lens and the retina.As people age,more floaters accumulate in this space where we find the ______.

A) pupil
B) conjunctiva
C) vitreous humor
D) aqueous humor

Question 49

According to the sliding-filament model of muscle contraction,a sarcomere contracts when its ______.

A) thick filaments slide across the ends of the sarcomere
B) thin filaments slide across the ends of the sarcomere
C) thick filaments slide toward each other across its thin filaments
D) thin filaments slide past its thick filaments

Question 50

Examine the structure of a muscle cell in the accompanying figure.Which one of the following statements about muscle structure is true?

A) Each muscle cell has one nucleus.
B) Each myofibril consists of many muscle cells.
C) Each muscle cell has two to three sarcomeres.
D) A sarcomere contains thick and thin filaments.

Question 51

Examine the neurotransmitters in the synapse in the accompanying figure.What might happen to these neurotransmitters after they have carried the signal to the receiving neuron? The neurotransmitters are ______.

A) transported back to the sending neuron
B) absorbed by the receiving neuron
C) incorporated into the membrane structure of the receiving neuron
D) incorporated into the membrane structure of the sending neuron

Question 52

Examine the figure below.Once an action potential is triggered,______.

A) the interior of the cell becomes positively charged relative to the outside
B) the interior of the cell becomes negatively charged relative to the outside
C) all ion channels close
D) the cell soon reaches threshold

Question 53

Arthritis is a common result of aging,affecting a person's ability to ______.

A) catch their breath after exercise
B) move their joints
C) heal broken bones
D) produce red blood cells

Question 54

The figure shows the human eye.Which part of the eye gives the eye its color?

A) sclera
B) iris
C) pupil
D) vitreous humor

Question 55

What best helps a broken bone heal?

A) Grafting new bone to the region
B) Exercising the area with the broken bone
C) Taking calcium supplements
D) Returning the broken bone parts back to their natural shape and then immobilizing the bone

Question 56

A thick filament is made up of ______.

A) actin and regulatory proteins
B) myosin
C) myosin and regulatory filaments
D) actin and myosin

Question 57

A baseball player leaping for a baseball and a cricket jumping away from a frog are both using all of the following except their ______.

A) sensory receptors
B) central nervous system
C) digestive system
D) muscle system

Question 58

Would you expect motor units to vary in size? If so,which of these structures would probably have the largest ones?

A) No; all motor units are the same size.
B) Yes; a large thigh muscle.
C) Yes; a muscle controlling eye movements.
D) Yes; a muscle controlling hand movements.