Deck 11: Being with Others: Forming Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood

Question 1

A relative strength of online friendships involves the ability of the user to

A) know exactly who they are dealing with.
B) control the level of intimacy in the relationship.
C) ensure compatibility.
D) meet in a less anonymous manner than in face-to-face friendships.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The fact that Bert's friend Ernie keeps him amused by telling funny stories best illustrates the _____ dimension of friendship.

A) shared
B) affective
C) sociability
D) communal

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which characterizes most friendships?

A) They are based on choice and high reciprocity.
B) They are based on choice and low reciprocity.
C) They are based on no choice and high reciprocity.
D) They are based on no choice and low reciprocity.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Sanford's friendships tend to be based on self-disclosure and intimacy. This exemplifies the ____ component of friendship.

A) contextual
B) sociability
C) shared
D) affective

Question 5

Which is not one of the three components of love, according to Sternberg?

A) Intimacy
B) Sociability
C) Commitment
D) Passion

Question 6

People tend to have the most acquaintances/friends during

A) young adulthood.
B) middle adulthood.
C) late adulthood.
D) latest adulthood.

Question 7

The text authors suggest that the strong intimate sharing component that characterizes female friendships but not male friendships is due to females having more comfort with their

A) sexuality.
B) language skills.
C) intellect.
D) vulnerability.

Question 8

Friendship relationships differ from love relationships in that they are

A) less emotionally intense and less sexual.
B) less emotionally intense and more sexual.
C) more emotionally intense and less sexual.
D) more emotionally intense and more sexual.

Question 9

Hansel (a male) and Gretel (a female) are best friends. If their cross-gender friendship is typical of most, Hansel's biggest misperception concerning Gretel would likely be

A) overperceiving Gretel's level of sexual interest in him.
B) overperceiving Gretel's need for emotional intimacy in the friendship.
C) underperceiving Gretel's intelligence.
D) underperceiving Gretel's jealousy.

Question 10

Eric and Jon have been friends for many years, but recently their friendship could be described as in the deterioration stage. Which factor is most likely to bring the relationship to the ending stage?

A) Eric and Jon move away from each other.
B) Eric develops a mental disorder.
C) Eric and Jon find new friends.
D) Jon gets married, and Eric remains single.

Question 11

Juliet wants Romeo physically, and she wants him badly! Juliet is most likely experiencing

A) intimacy.
B) passion.
C) commitment.
D) companionate love.

Question 12

Rhett and Scarlet have a relationship characterized by a lifetime of marriage characterized by little physical desire and no sharing of thoughts or feelings. This relationship is best described as one of strong

A) intimacy.
B) passion.
C) commitment.
D) infatuation.

Question 13

Siegfried and Roy have been friends for many years. In the past few months, however, they seem to have less in common, and Roy has been thinking more about hanging out with a potential new friend. Siegfried and Roy appear to be in the ____ stage of friendship development.

A) buildup
B) continuation
C) acquaintanceship
D) deterioration

Question 14

Which person is least likely to have a strong friendship with her brother?

A) Gwen, who is 10
B) Stephanie, who is 20
C) Helen, who is 45
D) Georgia, who is 80

Question 15

While Victor and Victoria have very strong sexual feelings for each other, they have little interest in intimacy or commitment. This type of relationship is best described as

A) infatuation.
B) friendship.
C) consummate love.
D) companionate love.

Question 16

The phrase, "till death do you part," which is often said during marriage services, offers a good example of

A) passion.
B) romantic love.
C) commitment.
D) consummate love.

Question 17

How could Gene's relationship with Peggy reflect the communal component of adult friendship?

A) He could view her quirky personality as a source of amusement.
B) He could support her interest in skydiving by going along with her on a jump.
C) He could disclose his love for her.
D) He could indicate loyalty by defending her even though she is wrong.

Question 18

When discussing his new girlfriend, Mickey says, "I can tell her everything about myself." Mickey clearly feels ____ toward his girlfriend.

A) commitment
B) passion
C) infatuation
D) intimacy

Question 19

Calliope is a typical woman who works in an office and likes to play handball. Who is most likely to be her friend?

A) Athena, who also likes to play handball
B) Hera, who works in the same office
C) Aphrodite, who is someone in whom Calliope can confide
D) Venus, who likes to party

Question 20

The initial stage in friendship development is called

A) buildup.
B) continuation.
C) acquaintanceship.
D) deterioration.

Question 21

Surveys indicate that nearly ________ couples in the Australia meet online.

A) 1 in every 5
B) 1 in every 10
C) 1 in every 15
D) 1 in every 20

Question 22

When discussing his relationship with his wife Amber, Travis says, "I have this very strong sense of commitment and tranquility." Researchers have suggested that the neurophysiological basis of this feeling may be due to brain chemicals related to

A) cocaine.
B) morphine.
C) alcohol.
D) cannabis.

Question 23

Toni and Tim have just gotten married. Which component of love is most likely to be stronger 20 years from now than it is today?

A) Commitment
B) Passion
C) Intimacy
D) Infatuation

Question 24

Kalminjn and Flap (2001) found that ____ tended to promote strong homogamy in relationships.

A) meeting other members of one's family
B) living in the same neighborhood
C) meeting in school
D) seeking a mate with different characteristics than yourself

Question 25

According to Kahlil Gibran, author of The Prophet, the two sides of love are

A) passion and intimacy.
B) fear and friendship.
C) ecstasy and pain.
D) sex and caring.

Question 26

Physical attractiveness is

A) unimportant in love relationships for both males and females.
B) unimportant in love relationships for females but important for males.
C) important in love relationships for females but unimportant for males.
D) important in love relationships for both males and females.

Question 27

Arnold is a highly educated, intelligent young man with a less than pleasing disposition. As such, he is most likely to be viewed as an excellent potential mate

A) in every culture in the world.
B) nowhere in the world.
C) in some cultures but not in other cultures.
D) only in the United States.

Question 28

Which statement best reflects the principle of assortive mating?

A) Opposites attract
B) Love the one you're with
C) Birds of a feather flock together
D) You can't teach an old dog new tricks

Question 29

According to research by Buss and colleagues, a(n) ____ man looking for a prospective mate would be most concerned about the woman's cooking competence and chastity status.

A) Chinese
B) Italian
C) Swedish
D) British

Question 30

A relationship in which one individual becomes violent or aggressive toward the other is classified as a(n) ____ relationship.

A) abusive
B) consummate
C) reciprocal
D) homogenous

Question 31

When deciding on a potential mate, Fletcher says, "I just need to find someone a lot like me." This statement fits very well with ____ theory.

A) sociocultural
B) assortative mating
C) crystallization
D) blended family

Question 32

In their cross-cultural study of mate selection, Buss and colleagues found that the characteristic of ____ showed the most variation as to whether it was important to mate selection.

A) intelligence
B) chastity
C) physical attractiveness
D) social status

Question 33

Surveys indicate that nearly ________ couples in Spain and the United Kingdom meet online.

A) 1 in every 5
B) 1 in every 10
C) 1 in every 15
D) 1 in every 20

Question 34

Surveys indicate that nearly ________ couples in the United States meet online.

A) 1 in every 5
B) 1 in every 10
C) 1 in every 15
D) 1 in every 20

Question 35

Research suggests that women tend to

A) choose masculine men for short-term relationships and more feminine-looking men for long-term relationships.
B) choose feminine-looking men for short-term relationships and more masculine men for long-term relationships.
C) choose older men for short-term relationships and younger men for long-term relationships.
D) choose younger men for short-term relationships and older men for long-term relationships.

Question 36

The assortative mating theory proposes that initial mate selection is based primarily on

A) similarity.
B) instincts.
C) random factors.
D) love.

Question 37

Who is most likely to have a positive internal working model of herself and a negative model of others?

A) Bee, who has a secure romantic attachment
B) Carla, who has a dismissing romantic attachment
C) Gail, who has a preoccupied romantic attachment
D) Sela, who has a fearful romantic attachment

Question 38

Research on the biology of physical attraction suggests that neurochemicals related to ____ underlie the feeling of exhilaration that often is experienced when you fall in love.

A) barbiturates
B) hallucinogens
C) amphetamines
D) narcotics

Question 39

According to research cited in your text, approximately ____ percent of marriages in India are arranged and among urban professionals, and approximately _____ percent rated their marriage as "very successful."

A) 5; 75
B) 75; 5
C) 80; 95
D) 95; 80

Question 40

The "intimacy" component of love is most similar to the ____ theme of adult friendships.

A) sociability
B) shared or communal nature
C) passion
D) affective

Question 41

An in-depth study of never-married women in their 30s identified three major distinct groups. Which was not one of the groups?

A) Distressed and longing to be married with children
B) Struggling with issues of sexual orientation before deciding on marriage
C) Wanting both to be married and to be single
D) Single and happily satisfied

Question 42

Which statement concerning singlehood, marriage, and sex differences in the United States is true?

A) Males feel more societal pressure to marry.
B) Males marry at a later age.
C) Females seldom have unresolved feelings about remaining single.
D) Females tend to "marry down" to males with lower social and educational status.

Question 43

O'Leary (1993) presents a continuum of aggressive behavior in abusive relationships anchored by ____ on one end and ____ on the other end.

A) physical aggression; verbal aggression
B) severe aggression; murder
C) verbal aggression; murder
D) physical aggression; murder

Question 44

For most people, the decision to remain permanently single is

A) made in the teenage years.
B) due to the untimely death of their "one true love."
C) driven by economic factors.
D) the result of gradual circumstances, not a lifestyle choice.

Question 45

Ken and Barbie are sexually active singles who are discussing the idea of moving in together. They are definitely contemplating

A) forming an extended family.
B) homogamy.
C) cohabitation.
D) assortative mating.

Question 46

The causes of aggressive behavior become more ____ as the level of aggressive behavior increases.

A) complex
B) simple
C) obvious
D) external

Question 47

Compared to 1970, the number of cohabitating couples in the United States had ____ by the year 2000.

A) decreased significantly
B) decreased slightly
C) increased slightly
D) increased significantly

Question 48

Which statement concerning African Americans, European Americans, and Latinos in America is true?

A) African Americans are most likely to be single during young adulthood.
B) Latinos are actively encouraged to avoid marriage in young adulthood.
C) The main cause of singlehood for European Americans is a shortage of marriageable European-American males.
D) The rate of singlehood in the United States is unaffected by ethnic factors.

Question 49

Which of Deanna's statements indicates that she is likely experiencing "battered woman's syndrome?"

A) "I just hit my husband."
B) "I cannot escape this abusive relationship."
C) "I often hit my husband."
D) "I am sometimes afraid of my husband."

Question 50

In the United States, about _____ percent of women between ages 20 and 24 are married.

A) 30
B) 40
C) 50
D) 60

Question 51

Chole announces to her long-time boyfriend that they should cohabitate as a step toward marriage. This indicates that Chole is interested in

A) limited cohabitation.
B) part-time cohabitation.
C) premarital cohabitation.
D) a substitute marriage.

Question 52

In the United States, _____ rated a woman in an abusive relationship more positively if she left the man.

A) European-American women living in the South
B) Latina-American women living in the South
C) European-American women living in the North
D) no women

Question 53

Part-time or limited cohabitation is usually undertaken because of

A) a strong desire to marry.
B) religious reasons.
C) convenience or sexual accessibility.
D) pregnancy.

Question 54

In 1970, _____ couples in the United States were cohabitating. In 2002, _____ couples in the United States were cohabitating.

A) 3 million; 3.5 million
B) 3.5 million; .5 million
C) .5 million; 5.5 million
D) 55 million; .5 million

Question 55

The defining belief among individuals experiencing "battered woman's syndrome" is that

A) the abuse is tied to a sense of personal high self-esteem.
B) the abuse is not harmful to them.
C) the abuser is acting out of unconditional love.
D) they are powerless to get away from the abuse.

Question 56

According to O'Leary's (1993) model, ____ would have the largest number of potential underlying causes.

A) verbal aggression
B) physical aggression
C) severe aggression
D) murder

Question 57

Which statement concerning cross-cultural violence is true?

A) In some cultures, a woman is rated positively if she remains in an abusive relationship.
B) Chinese Americans do not recognize physical aggression as a form of domestic violence.
C) In Arab countries, abused women have the legal right to kill abusive husbands without fear of legal reprisal.
D) While it is considered a form of abuse in the United States, South Asian immigrants view complete social isolation of a spouse as an honor.

Question 58

Singlehood is

A) increasing in African-American and Latino-American women.
B) increasing in African-American and decreasing in Latino-American women.
C) decreasing in African-American and increasing in Latino-American women.
D) decreasing in African-American and Latino-American women.

Question 59

Which statement is true?

A) Women are not as violent as men in heterosexual relationships but are more violent in homosexual relationships.
B) Men are not as violent as women in heterosexual relationships but are more violent in homosexual relationships.
C) Women are not as violent as men in either heterosexual relationships or homosexual relationships.
D) Men are not as violent as women in either heterosexual relationships or homosexual relationships.

Question 60

Worldwide, about 10 percent to about ____ percent of women report being physically assaulted or raped.

A) 25
B) 40
C) 55
D) 70

Question 61

Elliot and Elizabeth are both politically liberal, vegetarian, like to socialize, and are agnostic. Which concept best describes these similarities?

A) Exchange theory
B) Homogamy
C) Limited cohabitation
D) Familism

Question 62

How many of the following are rights that some countries extend to cohabiting partners: pension rights, insurance benefits, distribution of property?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3

Question 63

The primary difference between limited and premarital cohabitation involves

A) intention to marry.
B) the duration of the cohabitation.
C) the degree of sexual involvement.
D) tax benefits.

Question 64

In the United States, cohabitation has

A) increased threefold in the past 30 years.
B) decreased threefold in the past 30 years.
C) increased tenfold in the past 30 years.
D) decreased tenfold in the past 30 years.

Question 65

Homogamy is ____ with marital satisfaction.

A) unrelated
B) positively related
C) inversely related
D) negatively related

Question 66

According to exchange theory, which couple would be most satisfied?

A) Megan, who makes a lot of money but is not much of a caregiver, and Hunter, who is excellent at raising their children but not much of a moneymaker
B) Ashley and Brock, who have exchanged passionate love for fatuous love
C) Eden and Adam, who decide to put off marriage until they both get jobs
D) Honda, who wants children, and Harley, who gives in to her demands

Question 67

Ole and Lena are a cohabitating couple in Norway, while Jack and Diane are a cohabitating couple in the United States. Cross-cultural research would predict that

A) Ole and Lena will only marry if they have children.
B) Ole and Lena will believe that they are living in sin.
C) Jack and Diane will be unlikely to ever marry.
D) Jack and Diane will be at significantly less risk for divorce should they marry.

Question 68

Currently, _____ countries provide gay and lesbian couples with the same legal rights as heterosexual couples.

A) no
B) few
C) many
D) most

Question 69

Liz and Richard are 35-year-olds who have lived together for a long time. After the birth of their first child, they decided to get married. Given this description, Liz and Richard's cohabitation pattern suggests that they live in which country?

A) United states
B) Jamaica
C) Sweden
D) China

Question 70

Al and Peg are a typical American couple who have cohabitated for many years. If they later marry each other, they are likely to be ____ than other married couples who did not cohabitate.

A) less at risk for divorce
B) wealthier
C) more religious
D) less happy

Question 71

According to exchange theory, the key factor in determining whether an exchange will increase marital satisfaction is the

A) length of time the individuals have been married.
B) age of the participants.
C) potential monetary cost of the exchange.
D) perceived equity of the exchange.

Question 72

Katie and Rob are seeing a marriage counselor, Dr. McMurray, to ask her advice about how to save their relationship. Dr. McMurray tells them that the reason they are having trouble is because "neither of you perceive that you are getting as much out of the relationship as you are putting into it." This statement indicates that Dr. McMurray is a proponent of

A) homogamy.
B) cohabitation.
C) exchange theory.
D) the family life cycle.

Question 73

Which statement concerning homosexual and heterosexual couples in the United States is true?

A) Gay couples tend to receive more family support than heterosexual couples.
B) Both gay and heterosexual males tend to view love and sex as synonymous.
C) Gay couples have the same legal rights as heterosexual couples.
D) Both lesbian and heterosexual females view money as a way to maintain a sense of independence from their partners.

Question 74

How has the median age of first marriage in the United States changed from 1970 to 2009?

A) It has dropped by about four years.
B) It has remained constant.
C) It has risen by about four years.
D) It has risen by about eight years.

Question 75

Gay and lesbian couples tend to differ from heterosexual couples in

A) the degree to which partners split household responsibilities.
B) the degree to which partners share power in the relationship.
C) the degree to which partners communicate effectively.
D) the degree to which partners share the same demographic characteristics.

Question 76

Like almost 99 percent of their age peers, 30-year-olds Alan and Barb are cohabitating before getting married. Given this statistic, Alan and Barb most likely live in

A) Australia.
B) Sweden.
C) Indonesia.
D) Brazil.

Question 77

When discussing their marriage, Meg and Ryan agree that what appears to keep them together and happy is the fact that they share many of the same values. This exemplifies _____, which is a good predictor of marital success.

A) monogamy
B) singlehood
C) homogamy
D) nesting

Question 78

Each of these women has just married for the first time. Who is most likely to get divorced?

A) Lucy, who is 17
B) Lacy, who is 23
C) Lanny, who is 29
D) Laurie, who is 35

Question 79

Based on statistics, which pair would you expect to have had the most past short-term relationships?

A) William and Kirk, who are a gay male couple
B) Debbie and Alan, who are a heterosexual couple
C) Claire and Brooke, who are a lesbian couple
D) Joan and Crawford, who are a bisexual couple

Question 80

Which might best be characterized as a "trial marriage?"

A) Limited cohabitation
B) Substitute marriage
C) Premarital cohabitation
D) Part-time cohabitation