Deck 8: Medieval Society: Hierarchies, Towns, Universities, and Families (1000–1300)

Question 1

Small artisans and craftspeople formed ________, or protective associations, in towns.

A) guilds
B) coloni
C) orders
D) charters

Answer 1

guilds

Question 2

The ceremonial entrance into knighthood was known as ________.

A) chivalry
B) initiation
C) dubbing
D) ordination

Answer 2

dubbing

Question 3

The University of ________ became the model for the study of theology.

A) Bologna
B) Berlin
C) Oxford
D) Paris

Answer 3

Paris

Question 4

The nunnery was an option for single women from ________.

A) lower social classes
B) higher social classes
C) merchants and artisan families
D) all social classes

Question 5

________ were the nobleman's profession; ________ was his sole occupation.

A) Arms; warfare
B) Horses; training them
C) Castles; fortifying them
D) Jousts; preparing for tournaments

Question 6

Which of the following is the correct order of the clergy, from the top down?

A) bishops, cathedral canons, and poor parish priests
B) cathedral canons, bishops, and poor parish priests
C) cathedral canons, cardinals, and poor parish priests
D) cathedral canons, archbishops, and urban priests

Question 7

________ outlived Abelard by twenty years and devoted herself to reforming the rules of women's cloisters.

A) Eleanor
B) Héloïse
C) Sorbonne
D) Louise

Question 8

In the eleventh century, serfs ________.

A) tried to avoid living in chartered towns
B) rebelled against their lords and bishops, refusing to perform skilled work on their behalf
C) were prohibited from paying their manorial dues in manufactured goods
D) gained relative freedom in towns

Question 9

Many peasants lived on ________ run by medieval nobility.

A) manors
B) banalities
C) coloni
D) individual holdings

Question 10

In which of the following respects were medieval women treated as superior to men?

A) physical prowess
B) business acumen
C) purity
D) mental ability

Question 11

Which of the following are the two basic types of clerical vocation?

A) spiritual clergy and regular clergy
B) regular clergy and aristocratic clergy
C) regular clergy and secular clergy
D) monastic clergy and regular clergy

Question 12

The first recognizable university in Europe was at ________.

A) Paris
B) Oxford
C) Berlin
D) Bologna

Question 13

The church forbade Jews from hiring ________ or having any public authority over them.

A) merchants
B) Muslims
C) Christians
D) serfs

Question 14

University students in the twelfth century were least likely to study by what method?

A) lecture
B) discussion
C) drawing conclusions
D) reading

Question 15

Which of the following were least likely to be taxed by secular rulers?

A) laity
B) clergy
C) theologians
D) merchants

Question 16

________ was possibly the brightest logician and dialectician of the High Middle Ages, but paid dearly for it, ending his life in a priory.

A) Abelard
B) Aquinas
C) Peter the Lombard
D) Ptolemy

Question 17

Monopolies held by the landowners (and that tenants had to use) were known as ________.

A) manors
B) banalities
C) coloni
D) tenancy

Question 18

Which of the following social groups emerged after the revival of towns in the eleventh century?

A) the landed nobility
B) the clergy
C) the peasantry
D) long-distance traders and merchants

Question 19

In the eighth century, wide use of what invention made the cavalry indispensable?

A) collar harness
B) horseshoe
C) bit and bridle
D) stirrups

Question 20

Feudal lords supported towns by granting ________ to those agreeing to live and work in them.

A) banalities
B) tenancies
C) charters
D) orders

Question 21

The advent of "courtesy" was in part an effort to ________.

A) diminish philandering among the nobility
B) improve the lot of serfs and peasants
C) restore the power of secular clergy
D) deal with overpopulation on the manor

Question 22

What was the key difference between servile and free manors?

A) Free manors were populated by clergy.
B) Servile manors answered only to the king.
C) The tenants of free manors had originally owned small plots of land.
D) Coloni lived only on servile manors.

Question 23

The infanticide chronicled by the Roman historian ________ continued to be practiced in the early Middle Ages.

A) Socrates
B) Aristotle
C) Tacitus
D) Spartacus

Question 24

Tournaments came to be viewed as problematic because ________.

A) even mock battles could be deadly
B) fierce competition often ended in bitter feelings
C) regional rivalries encouraged disunity
D) they could be deadly

Question 25

A new alliance that emerged from the twelfth century was cooperation between ________.

A) landed and urban nobles
B) nobles and monarchs
C) towns and monarchs
D) monarchs and the papacy

Question 26

Which of the following caused grievances and revolts of the peasantry throughout the High and later Middle Ages?

A) burdening taxes to support the lord's castles
B) attempts to rein in peasants who had found new opportunities
C) merchants' refusal to sell luxury items to the peasantry
D) the poetry of courtly love

Question 27

Sumptuary laws were an example of efforts to ______ in medieval towns.

A) encourage manufacturing
B) support commerce
C) maintain the social order
D) keep the peace

Question 28

Most medieval women were ________.

A) workers like their husbands
B) housewives
C) nuns
D) women of leisure

Question 29

The lords' original purpose in granting charters to towns was to ________.

A) grant protection to the inhabitants
B) assemble the citizenry for religious observances
C) make agriculture more efficient
D) concentrate skilled laborers who could manufacture finished goods

Question 30

Heavier reliance on the infantry in the Hundred Years' War was bad for ________.

A) urban nobles
B) the peasantry
C) the French
D) the status of the nobility

Question 31

When a lord charged a tenant for use of the lord's oven, he was imposing ________.

A) a fief
B) a banality
C) a fine
D) usufruct

Question 32

By the late Middle Ages, the nobility ________.

A) had broken into two recognizable groups: higher and lower
B) were moving toward becoming merchants and traders
C) resorted to warfare only when they were attacked
D) rejected the code of chivalry

Question 33

The Carthusians and Canons Regular were alike in both being ________.

A) cloistered
B) devoted to poverty
C) committed to a life of silence
D) secular clergy

Question 34

In the later Middle Ages, as compared to the earlier period, serfs were more likely to ________.

A) pay to use their lord's mill
B) make monetary payments to their lord
C) be part of an extended family
D) become less free

Question 35

Which of these careers was open to women?

A) law
B) medicine
C) scholarship
D) weaving

Question 36

The first merchants may well have been ________.

A) enterprising serfs
B) disaffected clergy
C) feuding nobles
D) lesser royals

Question 37

Which of the following was true of attitudes toward childhood during the Middle Ages?

A) Childhood was considered a unique stage of life.
B) Parents could not bond with children because of high infant mortality.
C) Children were viewed as unproductive members of society.
D) Childhood was seen to extend to the late teens.

Question 38

Which of the following contributed to Christian envy, suspicion, and distrust toward the Jews?

A) the separateness of the Jews
B) lack of Jewish economic power
C) rich Christian cultural strength
D) the church's laws forbidding Jews from hiring Christians

Question 39

Which of these is true of children in the Middle Ages?

A) Toys were uncommon.
B) Infanticide was practiced only by eastern Europeans.
C) Parents preferred small families of two or three children.
D) Children never went to school.

Question 40

The Canons Regular were innovative in combining __________.

A) the duties of bishops and priests
B) devotion to a monastic life with commercial goals
C) intellectual rigor with a commitment to poverty
D) work in the world and an ascetic lifestyle

Question 41

Which of the following was an advantage for a woman living in a nunnery?

A) A woman could acquire the money saved from forgoing a wedding.
B) A woman could rise to a position of leadership.
C) A woman could speak publicly in worship and political events.
D) A woman could get completely away from male authority.

Question 42

Which of the following statements most accurately describes the University of Paris in the 1200s?

A) Professors ran their classrooms in an informal setting.
B) Educators and university administrators only cared about the image of the university, not educational content.
C) Education reform in the sciences was of the utmost importance.
D) It was a collection of scholars, not buildings.

Question 43

Why was the official Carolingian marriage policy entirely positive for women?

A) They lost their legal rights during the transition.
B) They gained greater dignity.
C) Their labor as household manager and child bearer greatly increased.
D) They were now forced to take multiple husbands.

Question 44

Refer to Map 8-1 on page 244.Based on this map, which of the following statements is most accurate?

A) In the Middle Ages all of continental Europe was linked by trade networks.
B) Russia remained outside of European trade networks.
C) Trade routes on land took more time than trade routes via water.
D) Trade routes via water were restricted to the Mediterranean.

Question 45

Entrance to a monastic life and marriage were alike for women in the Middle Ages because both ______.

A) required a dowry
B) could lead to divorce
C) were available only to upper-class women
D) were seen as preferable to the single life

Question 46

The largest and lowest social group in medieval society was the one on whose labor the welfare of all the others depended: the agrarian ________.

Question 47

For intellectuals of the Middle Ages, stages of childhood and adulthood were closely tied to ________.

A) verbal skills
B) physical ability
C) literacy
D) earning potential

Question 48

Only the nobility were legally allowed to________, but over time uncommon wealth enabled a persistent commoner to qualify.

Question 49

In the twelfth century, knighthood was legally restricted to men of ________.

Question 50

Which of the following is most accurate based solely on the image from the Hebrew Torah and the caption provided on page 247?

A) The seas in Jonah's time were more dangerous than the seas of today.
B) Judaism had spread to Portugal by the thirteenth century.
C) The Portuguese had good ships in the thirteenth century.
D) Jonah is a Jewish hero.

Question 51

Why were logic and dialectic the focus of a medieval university education?

A) the price of textbooks
B) the hostility of the clergy
C) the cost of lodging
D) the assumption that truth already existed

Question 52

Abelard is the preeminent example of which of these intellectual trends?

A) the development of universities
B) the popularity of courtly literature
C) the application of reason to Christian writings
D) the evolution of Scholasticism

Question 53

In the northern European model, universities were unions of ________.

A) students
B) professors
C) merchants
D) priests

Question 54

Refer to the image of the peasantry on page 241.Which of the following statements is most accurate based on the image provided?

A) Peasants sometimes hunted with falcons.
B) Peasants spent much of their time at skilled trades.
C) Peasants spent the majority of their time working with animals.
D) Peasants were identified solely with agricultural work.

Question 55

Which of the following evidence supports the idea that medieval society valued children?

A) wergild rates
B) the practice of infanticide
C) high infant mortality
D) the existence of toys

Question 56

Drawing on excerpts from the Bible and classical medical, philosophical, and legal thinkers, Christian thinkers believed that _______.

A) the religious life was superior to marriage
B) a woman's only role was to produce children and then be a confined nun
C) women were morally stronger than men
D) virgins and celibate widows were seen as only half female

Question 57

Refer to the image of "The Joys and Pains of the Medieval Joust" on page 236.Based on this image, what could one most accurately deduce?

A) Jousting provided revenue and tourism to the local areas and neighboring towns.
B) Jousting had an important social function.
C) Jousting was an act of payback and revenge.
D) All jousters were considered heroes.

Question 58

The age of seven was important in medieval views of children because at that age children ________.

A) became fully responsible for all their sins
B) left the home to pursue apprenticeships
C) entered the fourth stage of life
D) could reason and begin to learn vocational skills

Question 59

The one social group that was open to all, regardless of birth or military skill, was the ________.

Question 60

Unlike the pure serfdom of the servile manors, whose tenants had no original claim to be part of the land, the tenancy obligations on free manors tended to be ________, and the tenants' rights more carefully defined.

Question 61

Bologna was famous for its university, which was a union of _______.

Question 62

When and where was the liberal arts curriculum developed? What did it consist of? How has the liberal arts curriculum changed between its inception and the present?

Question 63

What factors help explain the surge in anti-Jewish persecution between the late twelfth and fourteenth centuries?

Question 64

Compare the functions and status of the nobility and clergy in medieval society.Were the two comparable?

Question 65

Compare the significant events in the rise of merchants with those involved in the downfall of feudal society.Explain how the growth of towns played a role in these trends.What is the relationship between these events?

Question 66

Refer to "The Joys and Pains of the Medieval Joust" and "Encountering the Past: Children's Games, Warrior Games." Why did the medieval nobility play warlike games? How did medieval women and children participate in these pastimes?

Question 67

How did economic and intellectual change introduce challenges to the traditional concept of medieval society? How did elites respond to these challenges?

Question 68

Compare and contrast the treatment of women under Roman and German law.What legal rights, work opportunities, and life choices did these legal systems offer women?

Question 69

What were the key tenets of Abelard's teachings? Why did they get him into trouble? How did his perspective change in later life?

Question 70

Wergild payments can be used as evidence of _________.

Question 71

In the later Middle Ages, serfs started paying their dues in ________ payments.

Question 72

With the appearance of cathedral schools, the ________ began to lose its monopoly on higher education.

Question 73

The first important Western university, established by Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa in 1158, was in ________.

Question 74

Scholars wrote commentaries on authoritative texts, especially those of Aristotle and the Church Fathers, in a method based on logic and dialectic known as ________.

Question 75

Small artisans and craftspeople slowly developed their own protective associations, or ________, and began to gain a voice in government.

Question 76

Until recently, historians were inclined to believe that parents were emotionally ________ from their children during the Middle Ages.

Question 77

The nobility relished war, despite facing the constant threat of death, while the peasantry ran and hid.Is this statement accurate? Why or why not? What sentiments did the nobility have toward the peasants? Considering the economic advantages of the nobility, was theirs a fair assessment? Why did the nobleman so dislike times of peace?

Question 78

Germanic law treated women better than ________ law had done, recognizing basic rights that forbade their treatment as chattel.

Question 79

Assess medieval views and treatment of children.Were children treated merely as "little adults," with little emotional attachment from their parents, or were they cherished by their parents and thought of as emotionally and physically quite distinct from adults? What evidence supports each position?

Question 80

As towns grew, their populations swelled with ________ moving there from the countryside.