Deck 4: Upper Limb

Question 1

The third metacarpal of the hand articulates with the:

A) lunate.
B) scaphoid.
C) hamate.
D) capitate.

Answer 1

capitate.

Question 2

How many phalanges are there in the thumb?

A) One
B) Two
C) Three
D) Four

Answer 2

Two

Question 3

How many phalanges are there in the hand?

A) 14
B) 27
C) 30
D) 32

Answer 3

14

Question 4

Which of the following bones make up the wrist?

A) Five carpals
B) Five metacarpals
C) Eight carpals
D) Eight metacarpals

Question 5

The first bone located on the proximal row and lateral side of the wrist is called the:

A) trapezoid.
B) trapezium.
C) lunate.
D) scaphoid.

Question 6

Which of the following is the largest carpal bone?

A) Capitate
B) Hamate
C) Scaphoid
D) Triquetrum

Question 7

The capitulum of the humerus articulates with the:

A) radial head.
B) trochlea.
C) lateral epicondyle.
D) ulnar coronoid process.

Question 8

Soft tissue radiographs of the elbow in the lateral position are often ordered to demonstrate:

A) veins.
B) nerves.
C) fat pads.
D) fractures.

Question 9

For a lateral projection of the second through fifth digits, the central ray is directed:

A) 0 degrees.
B) 5 degrees caudad.
C) 5 degrees cephalad.
D) 2 to 5 degrees cephalad.

Question 10

The most common oblique projection of the second through fifth digits is _____ with _____ rotation.

A) AP; medial
B) AP; lateral
C) PA; medial
D) PA; lateral

Question 11

For a PA projection of the second digit, the central ray is directed to the _____ joint.

A) distal interphalangeal
B) proximal interphalangeal
C) metacarpophalangeal
D) carpometacarpal

Question 12

The patient position most commonly used to perform a radiograph of a finger (digit) is:

A) AP.
B) PA.
C) sitting at the end of the table.
D) standing at the end of the table.

Question 13

Which of the following passes through the carpal tunnel?

A) Radial vein
B) Radial nerve
C) Median vein
D) Median nerve

Question 14

The hand consists of how many bones?

A) 8
B) 14
C) 27
D) 32

Question 15

The carpal bones articulate with the:
1)radius.
2)ulna.
3)phalanges.

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 16

The forearm consists of which of the following bones?
1)Ulna
2)Radius
3)Humerus

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 17

At the lateral (thumb) side of the hand, the digit is called the _____ digit.

A) lateral
B) first
C) medial
D) fifth

Question 18

The arm is made up of which of the following bones?
1)Ulna
2)Radius
3)Humerus

A) 1 only
B) 2 only
C) 3 only
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 19

The head of the radius articulates on the medial side with the:

A) coronoid process.
B) trochlear notch.
C) ulnar styloid process.
D) radial notch.

Question 20

The palm of the hand is formed by:

A) five carpals.
B) five metacarpals.
C) eight carpals.
D) eight metacarpals.

Question 21

Which of the following projections clearly demonstrates the scaphoid?
1)PA in ulnar flexion
2)PA oblique in lateral rotation
3)PA axial (Stecher method)

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 22

For a PA oblique projection of the first digit (thumb), the hand is placed in the _____ position.

A) supine
B) prone
C) medial rotation
D) lateral rotation

Question 23

Which of the following is the primary projection used to demonstrate anterior or posterior displacement of fractures of the hand or wrist?

A) AP
B) PA
C) Lateral
D) AP oblique

Question 24

Which of the following should be in contact with the tabletop for a PA projection of the wrist?
1)Arm
2)Axilla
3)Forearm

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 25

The central-ray angle for a PA oblique projection of the wrist is _____ degrees.

A) 0
B) 5
C) 12
D) 0 to 5

Question 26

The central ray for a PA projection of the wrist is directed to the:

A) radiocarpal joint.
B) scaphoid.
C) midcarpal area.
D) third CMC joint.

Question 27

For a lateral projection of the wrist, the elbow must be flexed _____ degrees.

A) 0
B) 25
C) 45
D) 90

Question 28

The PA oblique projection of the wrist in lateral rotation requires a wrist angulation of _____ degrees.

A) 25
B) 30
C) 40
D) 45

Question 29

Which of the following objects would be needed to perform a PA oblique projection of a finger?
1)2-inch block
2)Lead shield
3)45-degree foam wedge

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 30

The central-ray angulation for the PA projection of the hand is _____ degrees.

A) 0
B) 5
C) 7
D) 5 to 7

Question 31

For the AP projection of the thumb, Lewis suggests angling the central ray toward the wrist to demonstrate the first metacarpal free of the sesamoids and of the soft tissue of the palm. What is the suggested central-ray angle?

A) 10 degrees
B) 15 degrees
C) 5 to 10 degrees
D) 10 to 15 degrees

Question 32

Which of the following positions are used to demonstrate the hand in the lateral projection?
1)Ulnar surface down, hand extended
2)Radial surface down, hand extended
3)Ulnar surface down, finger in "fan lateral"

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 33

For a lateral projection of the hand, the central ray is directed to the:

A) second digit MCP joint.
B) PIP joint.
C) distal PIP joint.
D) midmetacarpal area.

Question 34

Which of the following projections would be used to better demonstrate the carpal interspaces?

A) AP
B) PA
C) Lateral
D) PA oblique with lateral rotation

Question 35

Which of the following are well demonstrated on a PA oblique projection of the wrist?
1)Capitate
2)Trapezium
3)Scaphoid

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 36

Which of the following central-ray angles is used for the lateral projection of the wrist?

A) 0 degrees
B) 5 degrees
C) 7 degrees
D) 0 to 5 degrees

Question 37

For a PA projection of the hand, the central ray is directed to the _____ joint.

A) second MCP
B) third MCP
C) fourth MCP
D) third PIP

Question 38

For exact positioning of the PA oblique wrist, and to ensure duplication in follow-up examinations, which of the following is required?

A) 30-degree foam wedge
B) 45-degree foam wedge
C) 2-inch block
D) 3-inch block

Question 39

How many degrees is the hand rotated for a PA oblique projection of the digit?

A) 25
B) 40
C) 45
D) 40 to 45

Question 40

Flexing the fingers for a PA projection of the wrist causes which of the following?

A) Placement of the carpal bones farther from the IR
B) Placement of the carpal bones closer to the IR
C) Less pain for the patient when the wrist is broken
D) Greater resolution of the carpal interspaces

Question 41

Which of the following methods is used to demonstrate the carpal canal?

A) Stecher (PA axial)
B) Norgaard (AP oblique)
C) Lawrence (inferosuperior axial)
D) Gaynor-Hart (tangential)

Question 42

Which of the following tangential projections is used to demonstrate the carpal canal?
1)Axial
2)Inferosuperior
3)Superoinferior

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 43

The PA projection of the wrist in ulnar deviation clearly demonstrates the:

A) trapezium.
B) trapezoid.
C) hamate.
D) scaphoid.

Question 44

The IR must be elevated how many degrees for the PA axial projection of the wrist (Stecher method)?

A) 5 degrees
B) 10 degrees
C) 15 degrees
D) 20 degrees

Question 45

The lateral projection of the forearm should clearly demonstrate which of the following?
1)Elbow joint
2)Radius and ulna
3)Proximal row of carpal bones

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 46

For the AP projection of the elbow, the hand is:

A) pronated.
B) supinated.
C) placed in the lateral position.
D) placed in the 45-degree oblique position.

Question 47

Which of the following joints should be clearly demonstrated on the AP projection of the forearm?
1)Wrist
2)Elbow
3)Proximal humerus

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 48

For the lateral projection of the forearm, the elbow should be flexed _____ degrees.

A) 45
B) 80
C) 90
D) 120

Question 49

For the AP projection of the elbow, the humeral epicondyles are:

A) perpendicular to the IR.
B) parallel to the IR.
C) superimposed over each other.
D) not clearly seen.

Question 50

The PA axial projection of the wrist (Stecher method) clearly demonstrates the:

A) lunate.
B) capitate.
C) scaphoid.
D) distal row of carpal bones.

Question 51

For the lateral projection of the elbow, the elbow joint should be flexed _____ degrees.

A) 25
B) 45
C) 75
D) 90

Question 52

For the PA projection of the wrist in ulnar deviation, the central ray is directed to the:

A) pisiform.
B) scaphoid.
C) radiocarpal joint.
D) midcarpal area.

Question 53

The central-ray angulation for the tangential projection (inferosuperior) of demonstrating the carpal canal is _____ degrees.

A) 25
B) 30
C) 25 to 30
D) 35 to 45

Question 54

If the IR and wrist are placed flat on the table for the PA axial projection of the wrist (Stecher method), the central ray must be angled _____ degrees.

A) 5
B) 10
C) 20
D) 15 to 20

Question 55

Which of the following projections corrects foreshortening of the scaphoid?

A) PA
B) PA oblique in lateral rotation
C) PA in radial deviation
D) PA in ulnar deviation

Question 56

For the PA projection of the wrist in ulnar deviation, the central ray is angled _____ degrees.

A) 0
B) 5
C) 7
D) 5 to 7

Question 57

Which of the following should be on the same plane for a lateral projection of the elbow?
1)Wrist joint
2)Elbow joint
3)Shoulder joint

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 58

The central-ray angulation for the PA axial projection of the wrist (Stecher method) is _____ degrees.

A) 0
B) 5
C) 8
D) 10

Question 59

For the AP projection of the forearm, the hand is:

A) supinated.
B) pronated.
C) placed in the lateral position.
D) placed in a 45-degree oblique position.

Question 60

How many degrees is the central ray angled for the AP forearm?

A) 0
B) 5
C) 7
D) 5 to 7

Question 61

Which of the following projections of the elbow will demonstrate the radial head and neck free of superimposition?

A) AP oblique projection, lateral rotation
B) AP oblique projection, medial rotation
C) AP projection, partial flexion
D) AP projection, acute flexion

Question 62

Which of the following projections of the elbow will demonstrate the olecranon process within the olecranon fossa?

A) AP, acute flexion
B) AP, partial flexion
C) AP oblique, medial rotation
D) AP oblique, lateral rotation

Question 63

Which of the following positions of the hand will place the epicondyles parallel with the plane of the IR?

A) Lateral
B) Prone
C) Supine
D) 45 degrees oblique

Question 64

What is the central-ray angulation for the AP elbow when the forearm is partially flexed?

A) 0 degrees
B) 5 degrees
C) 10 degrees
D) 5 to 10 degrees

Question 65

How many degrees should the elbow be angled for an AP oblique projection in lateral rotation?

A) 30 degrees
B) 40 degrees
C) 45 degrees
D) 50 degrees

Question 66

Where is the central ray directed for an AP projection of the humerus?

A) Elbow joint
B) Shoulder joint
C) Body of the humerus
D) Midpoint of the humerus

Question 67

The position recommended to increase patient comfort when performing an AP projection of the humerus is:

A) prone.
B) recumbent.
C) supine.
D) upright.

Question 68

Which of the following is shown in profile on a lateral projection of the elbow?

A) Radial neck
B) Radial head
C) Olecranon process
D) Humeral epicondyles

Question 69

Which of the following breathing techniques should be used for an AP projection of the humerus?

A) Suspended respiration
B) Full inspiration
C) Full expiration
D) Shallow breathing

Question 70

How many degrees should the elbow be angled for an AP oblique projection in medial rotation?

A) 35 degrees
B) 40 degrees
C) 45 degrees
D) 55 degrees

Question 71

How far above the humeral head should the upper margin of the IR be placed for a lateral projection of the humerus?

A) inch
B) 1 inch
C) 1 inch
D) 1 inch

Question 72

Which of the following objects would be necessary to perform an x-ray examination of the humerus?
1)Sandbag
2)30-degree angle sponge
3)Lead shield

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 73

Which of the following is demonstrated free of superimposition on an AP oblique projection of the elbow in lateral rotation?

A) Capitulum
B) Trochlea
C) Radial head and neck
D) Olecranon process

Question 74

Which of the following must be clearly demonstrated on an AP projection of the humerus?
1)Elbow joint
2)Glenoid cavity
3)Shoulder joint

A) 1 and 2
B) 1 and 3
C) 2 and 3
D) 1, 2, and 3

Question 75

If a patient is unable to extend the forearm for an AP projection of the elbow, how many projections are necessary to avoid distortion of the joint?

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five

Question 76

Which of the following is shown in profile on an AP projection of the humerus?

A) Capitulum
B) Glenoid cavity
C) Greater tubercle
D) Lesser tubercle

Question 77

Rotating the arm medially for a lateral projection of the humerus will place the epicondyles _____ with the plane of the IR.

A) at a 30-degree angle
B) at a 45-degree angle
C) parallel
D) perpendicular

Question 78

In what position should the hand be placed for the AP projection of the humerus?

A) Supine
B) Prone
C) Lateral
D) 30 degrees oblique, medial rotation

Question 79

How far above the humeral head should the upper margin of the IR be placed for an AP humerus?

A) inch
B) 1 inch
C) 1 inches
D) 2 inches

Question 80

Which of the following would be projected free of superimposition for an AP oblique projection of the elbow with medial rotation?

A) Lateral epicondyle
B) Coronoid process
C) Olecranon process
D) Olecranon fossa