Deck 1: The Origins and Evolution of Diagnostic Medical Sonography

Question 1

Who was the first to compare sound waves with the waves produced by dropping a pebble into a calm body of water?

A) Archytas of Tarentum
B) Socrates
C) Leonardo da Vinci
D) Boethius

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Who pioneered A-mode mapping of the human brain?

A) Douglass Howry
B) Karl Dussik
C) John Reid
D) John Wild

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The _____ was the direct precursor to the imaging systems in use today.

A) diasonograph
B) Searle Vidoson
C) Porta-Arm scanner
D) reflectoscope

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which physician devoted his career to the study and development of noninvasive measurement of the peripheral vascular system?

A) John Reid
B) Don Baker
C) Rokuru Uchida
D) Eugene Strandness

Question 5

Early real-time ultrasound systems relied on the use of _____ transducers.

A) linear array
B) phased-array
C) convex (curvilinear)
D) mechanical sectoring

Question 6

Mobile real-time scanners eventually replaced bulky static scanners but retained the disadvantage of:

A) noise.
B) sector artifacts.
C) limited field of view.
D) poor gain.

Question 7

Based on his experiments with bats, _____ postulated that there was a range of sound beyond humans' hearing.

A) Francis Galton
B) Christian Doppler
C) Lazzaro Spallanzani
D) Wilhelm Roentgen

Question 8

A major limitation of bi-stable imaging stemmed from its:

A) need to use two oscilloscopes.
B) cumbersome assembly.
C) need to immerse patients in water.
D) storage phosphor cathode ray tube.

Question 9

Who is thought to have originated the idea that sound travels in waves?

A) Galileo
B) Leonardo da Vinci
C) Sir Isaac Newton
D) Robert Boyle

Question 10

Who first identified the characteristic motion patterns of the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve?

A) Carl Hellmuth Hertz
B) Claude Joyner
C) Inge Edler
D) Sven Effert

Question 11

Who first considered using ultrasound to detect tissue thickness?

A) John Wild
B) Douglass Howry
C) Ian Donald
D) George Ludwig

Question 12

Bi-stable imaging systems were replaced by grayscale methods because:

A) the image display was too slow.
B) they failed to demonstrate subtle soft tissue interfaces.
C) they had limited recording options.
D) the phosphor-coated screens were subject to screen "decay."

Question 13

The phenomenon of piezoelectricity was discovered by:

A) the Curie brothers.
B) Wild and Reid.
C) Leopold and Donald.
D) Langevin and Chilowsky.

Question 14

The destructive nature of ultrasound on biologic organisms and living tissue was first discussed in 1927 by:

A) Woods and Loomis.
B) Langevin and Chilowsky.
C) Howry and Holmes.
D) Pierce and Firestone.

Question 15

Pythagoras observed:

A) that sound is produced by one object striking another.
B) that sound is carried to the ears by the movement of air.
C) the relationship between pitch and frequency.
D) that sound travels in waves.

Question 16

Focused high-energy ultrasound waves are used to:

A) visualize the interior of the body.
B) remove unwanted tissue.
C) produce cavitation.
D) detect intracranial lesions.

Question 17

The development of sonar is linked to the invention of the:

A) reflectoscope.
B) hydrophone.
C) supersonic receiver.
D) ultrasonic whistle.

Question 18

A landmark book, The Theory of Sound, represented the beginning of the modern study of acoustics and was written by:

A) Sir Isaac Newton.
B) Robert Boyle.
C) Leonardo da Vinci.
D) Lord Rayleigh.

Question 19

Who first produced ultrasound images of the fetal gestational sac?

A) Kenneth Gottesfield
B) Ian Donald
C) Phillipe Jeanty
D) Stuart Campbell

Question 20

Francis Fry and Elizabeth Kelly Fry are best known for their work in _____ ultrasound.

A) vascular
B) breast
C) obstetric
D) ophthalmic

Question 21

Who is credited with first noting that the angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence?

A) Leonardo da Vinci
B) Francis Galton
C) Christian Doppler
D) Augustin Fresnel

Question 22

_____ can concentrate up to 1000 intersecting beams of ultrasound energy to destroy abnormal tissue.

A) ARFI
B) HIFU
C) Thermal ablation
D) Elastography

Question 23

Harmonic imaging is a(n):

A) quantitative method of distinguishing different types of tissue.
B) ideal technology for studying the progression, stabilization, and potential regression of coronary atherosclerosis.
C) technique that is somewhat underused except in specialty practices.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 24

Floyd Firestone invented the:

A) ceiling-mounted transducer carriage.
B) water path scanner.
C) fast B-scanner.
D) reflectoscope.

Question 25

Who was the first American to detail the methods and advantages of fetal cephalometry?

A) Barry Goldberg
B) Lajos von Micsky
C) J. Stauffer Lehman
D) Nathaniel Bronson