Deck 1: Anthropology in a Global Age

Question 1

People are biological creatures as well as rational human beings. In order to gain a complete understanding of any aspect of human behavior, the field of anthropology adopts what strategy?

A) four-field approach
B) cultural evolution
C) sociobiology
D) ethnobiology
E) syncretism

Answer 1

four-field approach

Question 2

What field traces the history of human evolution by reconstructing the human fossil record?

A) prehistoric archaeology
B) primatology
C) evolutionary archaeology
D) genetics
E) paleoanthropology

Answer 2

paleoanthropology

Question 3

William Rathje's garbage study to analyze the behavior of residents of Tucson, Arizona, is an example of what field of anthropology?

A) classical archaeology
B) ethnographic fieldwork
C) ethnology
D) historic archaeology
E) contemporary excavation

Answer 3

historic archaeology

Question 4

What do historic archaeologists have access to that sets them apart from other archaeologists?

A) processual methods
B) written records
C) large cities
D) social capital
E) formal art

Question 5

What do prehistoric archaeologists use to reconstruct human behavior?

A) material remains
B) written records
C) oral accounts
D) ceremonial reconstruction
E) genetic analysis

Question 6

The study of fossils and ancient DNA to trace changes in human ancestors over time involves which specialization of anthropology?

A) prehistoric archaeology
B) forensic anthropology
C) paleoanthropology
D) historic archaeology
E) biogenetics

Question 7

Dr. Robin Lakoff explores how men and women use language differently and how this regularly leads to miscommunication between them. What type of linguist is she?

A) genderist
B) sociolinguist
C) morphologist
D) descriptive linguist
E) phonologist

Question 8

Cultural anthropologists analyze and compare data on different cultures using the method known as:

A) ethnocentrism.
B) ethnographic analogy.
C) cultural relativism.
D) sociolinguistics.
E) ethnology.

Question 9

Anthropology looks at the complete diversity of human life across space and time, and this reflects the field's commitment to:

A) thoroughness.
B) holism.
C) transnationalism.
D) globalism.
E) human development.

Question 10

Who studies how language changes over time?

A) historic linguists
B) sociolinguists
C) paleoanthropologists
D) ethnologists
E) linguistic archaeologists

Question 11

What type of anthropologist studies people from a biological perspective as well as how humans have evolved over time?

A) physical anthropologist
B) prehistoric archaeologist
C) cultural evolutionist
D) historic linguistic
E) evolutionary archaeologist

Question 12

The study of how people use language in its cultural context is known as:

A) descriptive linguistics.
B) ethnology.
C) participant observation.
D) sociolinguistics.
E) paralanguage.

Question 13

Archaeology is the study of cultures in:

A) Europe and the Middle East.
B) Africa and Asia.
C) the human past.
D) the New World.
E) the Old World.

Question 14

Ethnographic fieldwork is the primary research strategy of which field?

A) archaeology
B) biological anthropology
C) historic linguistics
D) cultural anthropology
E) sociolinguistics

Question 15

In late nineteenth-century debates on American immigration, many scholars and government officials privileged immigrants from northern Europe over those from southern Europe, such as Italians and Greeks, because the officials felt these southern people were a separate and inferior biological race with primitive ways. This is an example of:

A) elitism.
B) ethnocentrism.
C) genocide.
D) ethnocide.
E) caste boundaries.

Question 16

When anthropologists compare the polygyny of Mormon fundamentalists in Utah to Muslim tradition, which allows a man to have as many as four wives, they are doing what kind of analysis?

A) ethnological
B) holistic
C) ethnographic
D) affinal
E) polygamous

Question 17

In the study of immigration, anthropologists look at physical differences between populations, how the groups involved conceive of themselves and others, what they say about those other groups, and how these groups related to others in the past. This is an example of what aspect of anthropology?

A) ethnology
B) globalism
C) elitism
D) holism
E) organicism

Question 18

The belief that one's own culture or way of life is normal and natural, and viewing the different practices of other people as strange and unnatural, is called:

A) myopia.
B) relativism.
C) narrow-mindedness.
D) shortsightedness.
E) ethnocentrism.

Question 19

What is considered the most distinctive feature of being human?

A) tool use
B) the wheel
C) bipedal locomotion
D) language
E) migration

Question 20

Cultural anthropologists like to hang out with the people they are studying as they work, celebrate, dance, or play games, and ask lots of questions while they are doing it. This is known as:

A) ethnocentrism.
B) participant observation.
C) active research.
D) cognitive study.
E) ethnology.

Question 21

The study of the full scope of human diversity, past and present, and the application of that knowledge to help people understand each other define what aspect of anthropology?

A) ethnology
B) fieldwork
C) holism
D) inclusivity
E) bridge building

Question 22

The worldwide intensification of interactions among human beings across national borders is referred to as:

A) time-space compression.
B) outsourcing.
C) globalism.
D) increasing migration.
E) density of acquaintance.

Question 23

The dramatic transformations of economics, politics, and culture are characteristic of what dynamic of contemporary globalism?

A) uneven development
B) flexible accumulation
C) rapid change
D) time-space compression
E) dynamic expansion

Question 24

Anthropologists who explore all aspects of human culture-from war and violence to love, sexuality, and child rearing-and look at the meanings that people from all over the world place on them are known as:

A) archaeologists.
B) sociolinguists.
C) sociologists.
D) ethnologists.
E) cultural anthropologists.

Question 25

Which discipline of anthropology studies human beings in the present and from the past through the excavation and analysis of material artifacts?

A) archaeology
B) cultural anthropology
C) ethnography
D) ethnology
E) physical anthropology

Question 26

What kind of anthropologists explore ancient rift valleys and deep caves looking for ancient landforms with fossils of human ancestors to understand human evolution?

A) prehistoric archaeologists
B) evolutionary biologists
C) paleoanthropologists
D) Darwinian anthropologists
E) paleoprimatologists

Question 27

Swift economic development and wealth among some groups while others are pushed into extreme poverty are due to:

A) flexible accumulation.
B) uneven development.
C) neocolonialism.
D) marginalization.
E) economic elitism.

Question 28

People who make comprehensive studies of languages and their component parts are:

A) descriptive linguists.
B) sociolinguists.
C) paralinguists.
D) cultural anthropologists.
E) language specialists.

Question 29

What kind of researchers work to record languages that are disappearing by finding the last speakers and making recordings and dictionaries to preserve them for the future and for language revitalization?

A) descriptive linguists
B) salvage anthropologists
C) cultural anthropologists
D) sociolinguists
E) linguistic archaeologists

Question 30

When companies move their production facilities around the world to take advantage of cheaper labor and lower taxes, this is called:

A) marginal exploitation.
B) technological migration.
C) labor-tax compression.
D) uneven development.
E) flexible accumulation.

Question 31

The field of anthropology that explores genetics and evolution and looks at our closest relatives in the animal kingdom to gain a greater understanding of what it means to be human is known as:

A) evolutionary biology.
B) paleoanthropology.
C) physical anthropology.
D) primatology.
E) sociobiology.

Question 32

South Korea has developed amazingly, with huge corporations making vast amounts of money and giving everyone there a high standard of living, while the vast majority of people in the Central American nation of Guatemala are plagued by extreme poverty, violence, and poor living conditions. This is an example of:

A) uneven development.
B) neocolonialism.
C) marginalization.
D) differential monetization.
E) elitism.

Question 33

What field of anthropology studies monkeys, apes, and other nonhuman primates?

A) evolutionary biology
B) paleoanthropology
C) paleoprimatology
D) primatology
E) sociobiology

Question 34

Anthropologists take a comprehensive approach to understanding human beings, and this is accomplished through:

A) exploring the past.
B) the four-field approach.
C) looking at biology.
D) participant observation.
E) cross-fertilization.

Question 35

Which field of anthropology uses participant observation as a research strategy?

A) historic linguistics
B) cultural anthropology
C) primatology
D) archaeology
E) descriptive linguistics

Question 36

Changes in communication technology that have allowed military spouses to switch from mailing letters to their partners in Afghanistan to chatting with them on Skype are an example of what dynamic of globalism?

A) Internet communication
B) rapid change
C) flexible adaption
D) technological accumulation
E) time-space compression

Question 37

Who describes spoken languages and preserves them as written languages?

A) linguistic archaeologists
B) descriptive linguists
C) ethnolinguists
D) historic linguists
E) sociolinguists

Question 38

Walmart's transformation from a "Made in America" company to one with five thousand factories in China is an example of:

A) uneven development.
B) workload migration.
C) flexible accumulation.
D) time-space compression.
E) global expansion.

Question 39

We refer to changes in the way we think about how long something should take or how far away people are as:

A) flexible time scales.
B) uneven development.
C) key dynamics.
D) time-space compression.
E) technological innovation.

Question 40

A researcher who studies how the Latin language of ancient Rome changed into the Romance languages of today (French, Spanish, Portuguese, Romanian, and Italian) is practicing what type of anthropology?

A) descriptive linguistics
B) comparative research
C) classical linguistics
D) classical archaeology
E) historic linguistics

Question 41

Time-space compression is one of the key dynamics of globalism. Explain just exactly what time-space compression is and how it works, and give an example.

Question 42

Explain why anthropologists study nonhuman primates like apes and monkeys.

Question 43

Anthropology developed during an intense period of globalism in which century?

A) fifteenth century
B) sixteenth century
C) seventeenth century
D) eighteenth century
E) nineteenth century

Question 44

Explain how globalization is affecting the Marshall Islanders and why they are concerned about what happens in industrial countries. Do they have a reason to be troubled? What about other countries?

Question 45

Research that compares two communities to examine links between them is referred to as:

A) cross-linked.
B) multi-sited.
C) globalized.
D) bilocational.
E) descriptive.

Question 46

Bronislaw Malinowski spent two years doing participant observation among the people of the Trobriand Islands, and there he learned about the islanders' beliefs and customs regarding trade, warfare, marriage, sex, and death. What kind of anthropologist was Malinowski? Explain how participant observation works and what kind of information it provides. Name another topic you could study this way and how you would do it.

Question 47

Nepali building roads in India, Filipino maids in Saudi Arabia, and Turkish street repairmen in Germany are examples of which global dynamic?

A) time-space compression
B) international migration
C) transportation technology
D) uneven development
E) increasing migration

Question 48

It is impossible to study a local community today without considering the effect of:

A) climate change.
B) diversity.
C) increased migration.
D) global forces.
E) time-space compression.

Question 49

Global forces are expanding rapidly and moving into local communities everywhere. The author notes that many people in local communities respond with:

A) active resistance.
B) cloaked fear.
C) mass expulsion.
D) religious zeal.
E) violence.

Question 50

Describe how local communities react to global forces influencing and mingling with local cultures. Support your description with an example from the class.

Question 51

Explain the difference between a descriptive linguist and a sociolinguist. If you knew the last speaker of a language and wanted to preserve that language, who would you call and why?

Question 52

Explain how anthropologists have had to adapt to the impact of global forces on the communities they study.

Question 53

In order to understand how any group of people lives in our global world today, it is necessary to explore not only the customs, beliefs, and other aspects of their local culture but also:

A) environment and climate.
B) global influences.
C) religion and belief systems.
D) political systems.
E) production and exchange.

Question 54

The environmental issues that so concern people like the Marshall Islanders are aggravated by companies taking advantage of lax environmental regulations. What aspect of globalism does this demonstrate?

A) environment dodging
B) flexible accumulation
C) increasing immigration
D) rapid change
E) time-space compression

Question 55

The author states that pollution, population growth, climate change, and overfishing are serious issues, and nature may not be able to adapt to:

A) human activity.
B) glacial activity.
C) global warming.
D) intensification.
E) offshore drilling.

Question 56

What key dynamic of globalization is characterized by movement of people not only between countries but also within the individual countries themselves?

A) ease of transportation
B) flexible accumulation
C) increasing migration
D) population drive
E) time-space compression

Question 57

The belief that one's own culture or way of life is normal and natural is known as:

A) consensus.
B) conventionality.
C) ethnocentrism.
D) normalcy.
E) parochialism.

Question 58

Describe how changes in transportation technology in the nineteenth century led to the development of anthropology.

Question 59

The dramatic impact of globalization in the past and even more so today is driven by what kind of changes?

A) internal and external migration patterns
B) perceptions of time and space
C) greenhouse gasses and weather patterns
D) transportation and communication technologies
E) rapid development and crashes

Question 60

Compare and contrast how historic and prehistoric archaeologists investigate past human life and explain what insights can be gained.

Question 61

Globalization is also affecting the world's environment. Identify three effects of human activity on the environment, and then choose one and discuss its consequences.

Question 62

Explain how globalism has enabled flexible accumulation, and how it works. Provide an example from the class.

Question 63

The text notes that increasing migration is one of the key dynamics of globalism. Explain where people are moving and why. What effect is this having on people around the world?

Question 64

Globalism is driving rapid change in human activities. Give an example of one of these rapid changes and explain the positive and negative effects on the people of the world.

Question 65

One aspect of globalization is uneven development. Explain what this means and how it affects the world. Provide an example from the class.